1
|
Ganguly A, Lin KC, Muthukumar S, Nagaraj VJ, Prasad S. Label-Free Protein Glycosylation Analysis Using NanoMonitor-An Ultrasensitive Electrochemical Biosensor. Curr Protoc 2021; 1:e150. [PMID: 34101384 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycans (oligosaccharide chains attached to glycoproteins) are a promising class of biomarkers, found in body fluids such as serum, saliva, urine, etc., that can be used for the diagnosis of disease conditions. Subtle changes in glycans resulting from altered glycosylation machinery have been reported during various diseases, including carcinogenesis. In this article, we detail protocols for the rapid, label-free analysis of glycans using a previously developed highly sensitive and selective electrochemical impedance spectroscopy-based biosensing diagnostic platform called "NanoMonitor." The glycosensor operation is based on the specific affinity capture of the target glycans on the sensor surface by glycan-binding proteins known as lectins. This glycan-lectin binding activity modulates the impedance of the electrical double layer at the buffer-electrode interface. Protocols for the preparation of glycoprotein samples and glycosylation analysis using NanoMonitor and lectin-based ELISA are described here. The data obtained using these protocols show that NanoMonitor is capable of distinguishing between glycoform variants of the glycoprotein fetuin and glycoproteins derived from cultured human pancreatic cancer cells with high sensitivity (orders of magnitude higher than lectin-based ELISA) and selectivity. The results obtained indicate that NanoMonitor protocols can be further developed to enable use of NanoMonitor as a handheld electronic biosensor device for routine multiplexed detection of glycan biomarkers from clinical samples. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Preparing the NanoMonitor surface for glycan biosensing Support Protocol: Synthesis of glycoform variants of fetuin Basic Protocol 2: Performing Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) for analyzing glycoprotein structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antra Ganguly
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Kai-Chun Lin
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | | | - Vinay J Nagaraj
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Biomedical Microdevices and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
|
3
|
Black AP, Liang H, West CA, Wang M, Herrera HP, Haab BB, Angel PM, Drake RR, Mehta AS. A Novel Mass Spectrometry Platform for Multiplexed N-Glycoprotein Biomarker Discovery from Patient Biofluids by Antibody Panel Based N-Glycan Imaging. Anal Chem 2019; 91:8429-8435. [PMID: 31177770 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A new platform for N-glycoprotein analysis from serum that combines matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI) workflows with antibody slide arrays is described. Antibody panel based (APB) N-glycan imaging allows for the specific capture of N-glycoproteins by antibodies on glass slides and N-glycan analysis in a protein-specific and multiplexed manner. Development of this technique has focused on characterizing two abundant and well-studied human serum glycoproteins, alpha-1-antitrypsin and immunoglobulin G. Using purified standard solutions and 1 μL samples of human serum, both glycoproteins can be immunocaptured and followed by enzymatic release of N-glycans. N-Glycans are detected with a MALDI FT-ICR mass spectrometer in a concentration-dependent manner while maintaining specificity of capture. Importantly, the N-glycans detected via slide-based antibody capture were identical to that of direct analysis of the spotted standards. As a proof of concept, this workflow was applied to patient serum samples from individuals with liver cirrhosis to accurately detect a characteristic increase in an IgG N-glycan. This novel approach to protein-specific N-glycan analysis from an antibody panel can be further expanded to include any glycoprotein for which a validated antibody exists. Additionally, this platform can be adapted for analysis of any biofluid or biological sample that can be analyzed by antibody arrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyson P Black
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Hongyan Liang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Connor A West
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Mengjun Wang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Harmin P Herrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Drexel University College of Medicine , 2900 Queen Lane , Philadephia , Pennsylvania 19129 , United States
| | - Brian B Haab
- Van Andel Research Institute , 333 Bostwick Ave. , Grand Rapids , Michigan 49503 , United States
| | - Peggi M Angel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Richard R Drake
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| | - Anand S Mehta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology , Medical University of South Carolina , 173 Ashley Avenue, BSB 310 , Charleston , South Carolina 29425 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wiktor P, Brunner A, Kahn P, Qiu J, Magee M, Bian X, Karthikeyan K, LaBaer J. Microreactor array device. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8736. [PMID: 25736721 PMCID: PMC4348619 DOI: 10.1038/srep08736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a device to fill an array of small chemical reaction chambers (microreactors) with reagent and then seal them using pressurized viscous liquid acting through a flexible membrane. The device enables multiple, independent chemical reactions involving free floating intermediate molecules without interference from neighboring reactions or external environments. The device is validated by protein expressed in situ directly from DNA in a microarray of ~10,000 spots with no diffusion during three hours incubation. Using the device to probe for an autoantibody cancer biomarker in blood serum sample gave five times higher signal to background ratio compared to standard protein microarray expressed on a flat microscope slide. Physical design principles to effectively fill the array of microreactors with reagent and experimental results of alternate methods for sealing the microreactors are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wiktor
- 1] Engineering Arts LLC, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A [2] The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Al Brunner
- Engineering Arts LLC, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Peter Kahn
- Engineering Arts LLC, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Ji Qiu
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Mitch Magee
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Xiaofang Bian
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Kailash Karthikeyan
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- The Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Jain T, Sheehan P, Crum J, Carragher B, Potter CS. Spotiton: a prototype for an integrated inkjet dispense and vitrification system for cryo-TEM. J Struct Biol 2012; 179:68-75. [PMID: 22569522 PMCID: PMC3378829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2012.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Over the last three decades, Cryo-TEM has developed into a powerful technique for high-resolution imaging of biological macromolecules in their native vitrified state. However, the method for vitrifying specimens onto EM grids is essentially unchanged - application of ∼3 μL sample to a grid, followed by blotting and rapid plunge freezing into liquid ethane. Several trials are often required to obtain suitable thin (few hundred nanometers or less) vitrified layers amenable for cryo-TEM imaging, which results in waste of precious sample and resources. While commercially available instruments provide some level of automation to control the vitrification process in an effort to increase quality and reproducibility, obtaining satisfactory vitrified specimens remains a bottleneck in the Cryo-TEM pipeline. We describe here a completely novel method for EM specimen preparation based on small volume (picoliter to nanoliter) dispensing using inkjet technology. A first prototype system (Spotiton v0.5) demonstrates feasibility of this new approach for specimen vitrification. A piezo-electric inkjet dispenser is integrated with optical real-time cameras (100 Hz frame rate) to analyze picoliter to nanoliter droplet profiles in-flight and spreading dynamics on the grid, and thus provides a method to optimize timing of the process. Using TEM imaging and biochemical assays we demonstrate that the piezo-electric inkjet mechanism does not disrupt the structural or functional integrity of macromolecules. These preliminary studies provide insight into the factors and components that will need further development to enable a robust and repeatable technique for specimen vitrification using this novel approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Jain
- The National Resource for Automated Molecular Microscopy, Department of Cell Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Barsky VE, Yegorov EE, Kreindlin EI, Lysov YP, Pankov SV, Urasov DA, Urasov RA, Zasedatelev AS. Biophysical methods for biochip analysis. Use of wide-field digital fluorescence microscopy. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350912030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|
8
|
Safina G. Application of surface plasmon resonance for the detection of carbohydrates, glycoconjugates, and measurement of the carbohydrate-specific interactions: A comparison with conventional analytical techniques. A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 712:9-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
9
|
|
10
|
Xia JL, Chen F, Wiktor P, Ferry DK, Tao NJ. Effect of top dielectric medium on gate capacitance of graphene field effect transistors: implications in mobility measurements and sensor applications. NANO LETTERS 2010; 10:5060-5064. [PMID: 21090582 DOI: 10.1021/nl103306a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have carried out Hall measurement on back-gated graphene field effect transistors (FET) with and without a top dielectric medium. The gate efficiency increases by up to 2 orders of magnitude in the presence of a high κ top dielectric medium, but the mobility does not change significantly. Our measurement further shows that the back-gate capacitance is enhanced dramatically by the top dielectric medium, and the enhancement increases with the size of the top dielectric medium. Our work strongly suggests that the previously reported top dielectric medium-induced charge transport properties of graphene FETs are possibly due to the increase of gate capacitance, rather than enhancement of carrier mobility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Xia
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, Biodesign Institute
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gupta G, Surolia A, Sampathkumar SG. Lectin microarrays for glycomic analysis. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2010; 14:419-36. [PMID: 20726799 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2009.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics is the study of comprehensive structural elucidation and characterization of all glycoforms found in nature and their dynamic spatiotemporal changes that are associated with biological processes. Glycocalyx of mammalian cells actively participate in cell-cell, cell-matrix, and cell-pathogen interactions, which impact embryogenesis, growth and development, homeostasis, infection and immunity, signaling, malignancy, and metabolic disorders. Relative to genomics and proteomics, glycomics is just growing out of infancy with great potential in biomedicine for biomarker discovery, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the immense diversity and complexity of glycan structures and their multiple modes of interactions with proteins pose great challenges for development of analytical tools for delineating structure function relationships and understanding glyco-code. Several tools are being developed for glycan profiling based on chromatography, mass spectrometry, glycan microarrays, and glyco-informatics. Lectins, which have long been used in glyco-immunology, printed on a microarray provide a versatile platform for rapid high throughput analysis of glycoforms of biological samples. Herein, we summarize technological advances in lectin microarrays and critically review their impact on glycomics analysis. Challenges remain in terms of expansion to include nonplant derived lectins, standardization for routine clinical use, development of recombinant lectins, and exploration of plant kingdom for discovery of novel lectins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Garima Gupta
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nagaraj VJ, Eaton S, Wiktor P. NanoProbeArrays for the analysis of ultra-low-volume protein samples using piezoelectric liquid dispensing technology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 16:126-33. [PMID: 21609693 DOI: 10.1016/j.jala.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibody microarrays are gaining popularity as a high-throughput technology to investigate the proteome. However, protein extracts from most body fluid or biopsy samples are available in very small volumes and are often unsuitable for large-scale antibody microarray studies. To demonstrate the potential for protein analysis with as little as a few nanoliters of sample, we have developed a new technology called NanoProbeArrays based on piezoelectric liquid dispensing for non-contact printing and probing of antibody arrays. Instead of flooding the protein sample on the antibody microarray surface, as in conventional microarray screening, a piezoelectric inkjet printer is used to dispense nanoliters of fluorescently labeled proteins over the antibody spots on the array. The ability of NanoProbeArrays to precisely identify and reliably distinguish between test proteins from different sources, without any loss of sensitivity and specificity as compared with conventional antibody microarrays, is illustrated here. The utility of NanoProbeArrays for biomarker identification in a complex biological sample was tested by detecting the cytokine interleukin-4 in serum. The significant reduction in volume of sample during NanoProbeArray analysis, as compared with conventional antibody microarrays, offers new opportunities for basic and applied proteomic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Janthakahalli Nagaraj
- Center for Bioelectronics and Biosensors, The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Patwa T, Li C, Simeone DM, Lubman DM. Glycoprotein analysis using protein microarrays and mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2010; 29:830-44. [PMID: 20077480 PMCID: PMC2889184 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Protein glycosylation plays an important role in a multitude of biological processes such as cell-cell recognition, growth, differentiation, and cell death. It has been shown that specific glycosylation changes are key in disease progression and can have diagnostic value for a variety of disease types such as cancer and inflammation. The complexity of carbohydrate structures and their derivatives makes their study a real challenge. Improving the isolation, separation, and characterization of carbohydrates and their glycoproteins is a subject of increasing scientific interest. With the development of new stationary phases and molecules that have affinity properties for glycoproteins, the isolation and separation of these compounds have advanced significantly. In addition to detection with mass spectrometry, the microarray platform has become an essential tool to characterize glycan structure and to study glycosylation-related biological interactions, by using probes as a means to interrogate the spotted or captured glycosylated molecules on the arrays. Furthermore, the high-throughput and reproducible nature of microarray platforms have been highlighted by its extensive applications in the field of biomarker validation, where a large number of samples must be analyzed multiple times. This review covers a brief survey of the other experimental methodologies that are currently being developed and used to study glycosylation and emphasizes methodologies that involve the use of microarray platforms. This review describes recent advances in several options of microarray platforms used in glycoprotein analysis, including glycoprotein arrays, glycan arrays, lectin arrays, and antibody/lectin arrays. The translational use of these arrays in applications related to characterization of cells and biomarker discovery is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Diane M. Simeone
- Departments of Surgery and Physiology, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
- Department of Surgery, The University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cunningham S, Gerlach JQ, Kane M, Joshi L. Glyco-biosensors: recent advances and applications for the detection of free and bound carbohydrates. Analyst 2010; 135:2471-80. [PMID: 20714521 DOI: 10.1039/c0an00276c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of biosensor development now encompasses several areas specifically geared toward the rapid and sensitive detection, identification, and quantification of target analytes. In contrast to the more mature research and development of nucleic acid and protein biosensors, the development of 'glyco-biosensors' for detecting carbohydrates and conjugates of carbohydrates (glycoconjugates) is at a relatively nascent stage. The application of glyco-biosensors aims to open novel analytical and diagnostic avenues, encompassing industrial bioprocesses, biomedical and clinical applications. This area of research has been greatly aided by advancement brought by interdisciplinary mergers of engineering, biology, chemistry and physical sciences and enabling the miniaturization of detection platforms. In this review, we briefly introduce the need for glyco-biosensors, discuss current analytical technologies, and examine advances in glyco-biosensor approaches aimed at the detection and/or quantification of glycoconjugates or carbohydrates derived from glycoconjugates since 2005.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Cunningham
- Glycoscience Group, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vanderschaeghe D, Festjens N, Delanghe J, Callewaert N. Glycome profiling using modern glycomics technology: technical aspects and applications. Biol Chem 2010; 391:149-161. [PMID: 20128687 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2010.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Glycomics research has become indispensable in many research fields such as immunity, signal transduction and development. Moreover, changes in the glycosylation of proteins and lipids have been reported in several diseases including cancer. The analysis of a complex post-translational modification such as glycosylation depends on the availability or development of appropriate analytical technologies. The research goal determines the sensitivity, resolution and throughput requirements and guides the choice of a particular technology. This review highlights the evolution of glycan profiling tools in the past 5 years. We focus on capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and lectin microarrays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Vanderschaeghe
- Unit for Molecular Glycobiology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nele Festjens
- Unit for Molecular Glycobiology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nico Callewaert
- Unit for Molecular Glycobiology, Department for Molecular Biomedical Research, VIB, Technologiepark 927, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Nagaraj VJ, Aithal S, Eaton S, Bothara M, Wiktor P, Prasad S. NanoMonitor: a miniature electronic biosensor for glycan biomarker detection. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2010; 5:369-78. [DOI: 10.2217/nnm.10.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The goal of our research is to develop an ultrasensitive diagnostic platform called ‘NanoMonitor’ to enable rapid label-free analysis of a highly promising class of biomarkers called glycans (oligosaccharide chains attached to proteins) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The glycosylation of fetuin – a serum protein – and extracts from a human pancreatic cancer line was analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities of the NanoMonitor. Material & methods: The NanoMonitor device consists of a silicon chip with an array of gold electrodes forming multiple sensor sites and works on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Each sensor site is overlaid with a nanoporous alumina membrane that forms a high density of nanowells on top of each electrode. Lectins (proteins that bind to and recognize specific glycan structures) are conjugated to the surface of the electrode. When specific glycans from a test sample bind to lectins at the base of each nanowell, a perturbation of electrical double-layer occurs, which results in a change in the impedance. Using the lectins Sambucs nigra agglutinin (SNA) and Maackia amurensis agglutinin (MAA), subtle variations to the glycan chains of fetuin were investigated. Protein extracts from BXPC-3, a cultured human pancreatic cancer cell line were also analyzed for binding to SNA and MAA lectins. The performance of the NanoMonitor was compared to a conventional laboratory technique: lectin-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results & discussion: The NanoMonitor was used to identify glycoform variants of fetuin and global differences in glycosylation of protein extracts from cultured human pancreatic cancerous versus normal cells. While results from NanoMonitor correlate very well with results from lectin-based ELISA, the NanoMonitor is rapid, completely label free, requires just 10 µl of sample, is approximately five orders of magnitude more sensitive and highly selective over a broad dynamic range of glycoprotein concentrations. Conclusion: Based on its performance metrics, the NanoMonitor has excellent potential for development as a point-of-care handheld electronic biosensor device for routine detection of glycan biomarkers from clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay J Nagaraj
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Srivatsa Aithal
- Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University, PO Box 876206, Tempe, AZ 85287-6206, USA
| | - Seron Eaton
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | | | - Peter Wiktor
- The Biodesign Institute at Arizona State University, AZ, USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Center for Solid State Electronics Research, Arizona State University, PO Box 876206, Tempe, AZ 85287-6206, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Sweet tasting chips: microarray-based analysis of glycans. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2009; 13:427-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 07/23/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|