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Patil MS, Cartland SP, Kavurma MM. TRAIL signals, extracellular matrix and vessel remodelling. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R73-R84. [PMID: 32923976 PMCID: PMC7439926 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential part of the vasculature, not only providing structural support to the blood vessel wall, but also in its ability to interact with cells to regulate cell phenotype and function including proliferation, migration, differentiation and death – processes important in vascular remodelling. Increasing evidence implicates TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) signalling in the modulation of vascular cell function and remodelling under normal and pathological conditions such as in atherosclerosis. TRAIL can also stimulate synthesis of multiple ECM components within blood vessels. This review explores the relationship between TRAIL signals, the ECM, and its implications in vessel remodelling in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha S Patil
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Siân P Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mary M Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Diethylamino-curcumin mimic with trizolyl benzene enhances TRAIL-mediated cell death on human glioblastoma cells. Mol Cell Toxicol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-018-0026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Comparative Analysis of Matrix Metalloproteinase Family Members Reveals That MMP9 Predicts Survival and Response to Temozolomide in Patients with Primary Glioblastoma. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151815. [PMID: 27022952 PMCID: PMC4811585 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant TMZ chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with GBM. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, are key modulators of tumor invasion and metastasis due to their ECM degradation capacity. The aim of the present study was to identify the most informative MMP member in terms of prognostic and predictive ability for patients with primary GBM. Method The mRNA expression profiles of all MMP genes were obtained from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), the Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia Data (REMBRANDT) and the GSE16011 dataset. MGMT methylation status was also examined by pyrosequencing. The correlation of MMP9 expression with tumor progression was explored in glioma specimens of all grades. Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to investigate the association of MMP9 expression with survival and response to temozolomide. Results MMP9 was the only significant prognostic factor in three datasets for primary glioblastoma patients. Our results indicated that MMP9 expression is correlated with glioma grade (p<0.0001). Additionally, low expression of MMP9 was correlated with better survival outcome (OS: p = 0.0012 and PFS: p = 0.0066), and MMP9 was an independent prognostic factor in primary GBM (OS: p = 0.027 and PFS: p = 0.032). Additionally, the GBM patients with low MMP9 expression benefited from temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy regardless of the MGMT methylation status. Conclusions Patients with primary GBMs with low MMP9 expression may have longer survival and may benefit from temozolomide chemotherapy.
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Flusberg DA, Sorger PK. Surviving apoptosis: life-death signaling in single cells. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:446-58. [PMID: 25920803 PMCID: PMC4570028 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue development and homeostasis are regulated by opposing pro-survival and pro-death signals. An interesting feature of the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) family of ligands is that they simultaneously activate opposing signals within a single cell via the same ligand-receptor complex. The magnitude of pro-death events such as caspase activation and pro-survival events such as Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activation vary not only from one cell type to the next but also among individual cells of the same type due to intrinsic and extrinsic noise. The molecules involved in these pro-survival and/or pro-death pathways, and the different phenotypes that result from their activities, have been recently reviewed. Here we focus on the impact of cell-to-cell variability in the strength of these opposing signals on shaping cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Flusberg
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, 200 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Inhibiting AKT phosphorylation employing non-cytotoxic anthraquinones ameliorates TH2 mediated allergic airways disease and rhinovirus exacerbation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79565. [PMID: 24223970 PMCID: PMC3818233 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe asthma is associated with T helper (TH) 2 and 17 cell activation, airway neutrophilia and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) activation. Asthma exacerbations are commonly caused by rhinovirus (RV) and also associated with PI3K-driven inflammation. Anthraquinone derivatives have been shown to reduce PI3K-mediated AKT phosphorylation in-vitro. OBJECTIVE To determine the anti-inflammatory potential of anthraquinones in-vivo. METHODS BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with crude house dust mite extract to induce allergic airways disease and treated with mitoxantrone and a novel non-cytotoxic anthraquinone derivative. Allergic mice were also infected with RV1B to induce an exacerbation. RESULTS Anthraquinone treatment reduced AKT phosphorylation, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and ameliorated allergen- and RV-induced airways hyprereactivity, neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, cytokine/chemokine expression, mucus hypersecretion, and expression of TH2 proteins in the airways. Anthraquinones also boosted type 1 interferon responses and limited RV replication in the lung. CONCLUSION Non-cytotoxic anthraquinone derivatives may be of therapeutic benefit for the treatment of severe and RV-induced asthma by blocking pro-inflammatory pathways regulated by PI3K/AKT.
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Flusberg DA, Roux J, Spencer SL, Sorger PK. Cells surviving fractional killing by TRAIL exhibit transient but sustainable resistance and inflammatory phenotypes. Mol Biol Cell 2013; 24:2186-200. [PMID: 23699397 PMCID: PMC3708725 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e12-10-0737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells that survive fractional killing by TRAIL or FasR agonists enter a state of resistance accompanied by inflammatory phenotypes. This state is transient, decaying over the course of several days, but can be sustained by periodic TRAIL treatments. This finding has implications for optimal dosing strategies of extrinsic cell death agents. When clonal populations of human cells are exposed to apoptosis-inducing agents, some cells die and others survive. This fractional killing arises not from mutation but from preexisting, stochastic differences in the levels and activities of proteins regulating apoptosis. Here we examine the properties of cells that survive treatment with agonists of two distinct death receptors, tumor necrosis factor–related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and anti-FasR antibodies. We find that “survivor” cells are highly resistant to a second ligand dose applied 1 d later. Resistance is reversible, resetting after several days of culture in the absence of death ligand. “Reset” cells appear identical to drug-naive cells with respect to death ligand sensitivity and gene expression profiles. TRAIL survivors are cross-resistant to activators of FasR and vice versa and exhibit an NF-κB–dependent inflammatory phenotype. Remarkably, reversible resistance is induced in the absence of cell death when caspase inhibitors are present and can be sustained for 1 wk or more, also without cell death, by periodic ligand exposure. Thus stochastic differences in cell state can have sustained consequences for sensitivity to prodeath ligands and acquisition of proinflammatory phenotypes. The important role played by periodicity in TRAIL exposure for induction of opposing apoptosis and survival mechanisms has implications for the design of optimal therapeutic agents and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A Flusberg
- Center for Cell Decision Processes, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Chen CY, Tsai MM, Chi HC, Lin KH. Biological significance of a thyroid hormone-regulated secretome. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2013; 1834:2271-84. [PMID: 23429180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The thyroid hormone, 3,3,5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), modulates several physiological processes, including cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism and proliferation, via interactions with thyroid hormone response elements (TREs) in the regulatory regions of target genes. Several intracellular and extracellular protein candidates are regulated by T3. Moreover, T3-regulated secreted proteins participate in physiological processes or cellular transformation. T3 has been employed as a marker in several disorders, such as cardiovascular disorder in chronic kidney disease, as well as diseases of the liver, immune system, endocrine hormone metabolism and coronary artery. Our group subsequently showed that T3 regulates several tumor-related secretory proteins, leading to cancer progression via alterations in extracellular matrix proteases and tumor-associated signaling pathways in hepatocellular carcinomas. Therefore, elucidation of T3/thyroid hormone receptor-regulated secretory proteins and their underlying mechanisms in cancers should facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This review provides a detailed summary on the known secretory proteins regulated by T3 and their physiological significance. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: An Updated Secretome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Ghosh A, DiMusto PD, Ehrlichman LK, Sadiq O, McEvoy B, Futchko JS, Henke PK, Eliason JL, Upchurch GR. The role of extracellular signal-related kinase during abdominal aortic aneurysm formation. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:668-680.e1. [PMID: 22917644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is hypothesized that activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) is critical in activating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) during abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. STUDY DESIGN C57BL/6 male mice underwent either elastase or heat-inactivated elastase aortic perfusion (n = 9 per group). Mouse aortic smooth muscle cells were transfected with ERK-1 and 2 siRNA along with or without elastase treatment. Mouse and human aortic tissue were analyzed by Western blots, zymograms, and immunohistochemistry, and statistical analysis was done using Graphpad and Image J softwares. RESULTS Western blot and immunohistochemistry documented increased phospho-mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-1/2 (pMEK-1/2; 153%, p = 0.270 by Western) and pERK (171%, p = 0.004 by Western blot) in the elastase perfused aortas. Male ERK-1(-/-) mice underwent elastase perfusion, and aortic diameter was determined at day 14. ERK-1(-/-) mice failed to develop AAA, and histologic analysis depicted intact collagen and elastin fibers in the aortas. Zymography of aortas of elastase-treated ERK-1(-/-) mice showed lower levels of proMMP2 (p < 0.005) and active MMP2 (p < 0.0001), as well as proMMP9 (p = 0.037) compared with C57BL/6 mice. siRNA transfection of ERK-1 and -2 significantly reduced formation of pro- and active MMP2 (p < 0.01 for both isoforms) in aortic smooth muscle cells treated with elastase in vitro. Human AAA tissue had significantly elevated levels of pMEK-1/2 (150%, p = 0.014) and pERK (159%, p = 0.013) compared with control tissues. CONCLUSIONS The MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK pathway is an important modulator of MMPs during AAA formation. Targeting the ERK pathway by reagents that inhibit either the expression or phosphorylation of ERK isoforms could be a potential therapy to prevent AAA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Ghosh
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Jobst Vascular Research Laboratories, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Im SR, Jang YJ. Aspirin enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis via regulation of ERK1/2 activation in human cervical cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:65-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Chi HC, Chen SL, Liao CJ, Liao CH, Tsai MM, Lin YH, Huang YH, Yeh CT, Wu SM, Tseng YH, Chen CY, Tsai CY, Chung IH, Chen WJ, Lin KH. Thyroid hormone receptors promote metastasis of human hepatoma cells via regulation of TRAIL. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:1802-14. [PMID: 22576662 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although accumulating evidence has confirmed the important roles of thyroid hormone (T(3)) and its receptors (TRs) in tumor progression, the specific functions of TRs in carcinogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) was directly upregulated by T(3) in TR-overexpressing hepatoma cell lines. TRAIL is an apoptotic inducer, but it can nonetheless trigger non-apoptotic signals favoring tumorigenesis in apoptosis-resistant cancer cells. We found that TR-overexpressing hepatoma cells treated with T(3) were apoptosis resistant, even when TRAIL was upregulated. This apoptotic resistance may be attributable to simultaneous upregulation of Bcl-xL by T(3), because (1) knockdown of T(3)-induced Bcl-xL expression suppressed T(3)-mediated protection against apoptosis, and (2) overexpression of Bcl-xL further protected hepatoma cells from TRAIL-induced apoptotic death, consequently leading to TRAIL-promoted metastasis of hepatoma cells. Moreover, T(3)-enhanced metastasis in vivo was repressed by the treatment of TRAIL-blocking antibody. Notably, TRAIL was highly expressed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, and this high-level expression was significantly correlated with that of TRs in these HCC tissues. Together, our findings provide evidence for the existence of a novel mechanistic link between increased TR and TRAIL levels in HCC. Thus, TRs induce TRAIL expression, and TRAIL thus synthesized acts in concert with simultaneously synthesized Bcl-xL to promote metastasis, but not apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Chi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Yen JH, Kocieda VP, Jing H, Ganea D. Prostaglandin E2 induces matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression in dendritic cells through two independent signaling pathways leading to activator protein 1 (AP-1) activation. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:38913-23. [PMID: 21940623 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.252932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic Cells (DCs) play an important role in the initiation of the immune response by migrating to regional lymph nodes and presenting antigen processed at the inflammatory site to antigen-specific naïve T cells. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been reported to play an essential role in DC migration. We reported previously that PGE2 induces matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) expression in DCs and that PGE2-induced MMP-9 is required for DC migration in vivo and in vitro. In this study, we investigated the signaling mechanisms involved in PGE2-induced MMP-9 expression in DCs. We show that PGE2-induced MMP-9 expression is mediated primarily through the EP2/EP4 → cAMP → protein kinase A (PKA)/PI3K → ERK signaling pathway, leading to c-Fos expression, and through JNK-mediated activation of c-Jun in a PKA/PI3K/ERK-independent manner. EP2 and EP4 receptor agonists, as well as cAMP analogs, mimic the up-regulation of MMP-9 by PGE2. PKA, PI3K, and ERK inhibitors abolished PGE2- and cAMP-induced c-Fos and MMP-9 up-regulation, and ERK activation was required for the binding of activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor to the MMP-9 promoter. Our results describe a new molecular mechanism for the effect of PGE2 on MMP-9 production in DCs that could lead to future therapeutic approaches using ERK inhibitors to regulate DC migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hung Yen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140, USA
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Expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-7 and matrix metalloproteinase-14 associated with the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 in human brain gliomas of different pathological grades. Med Oncol 2010; 28 Suppl 1:S433-8. [PMID: 20809186 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-010-9660-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-14 are associated with the ERK 1/2 signaling pathway in human brain gliomas of different pathological grades. Immunohistochemistry and western blot methods were used to determine the expressions of MMP-7, MMP-14 and the phosphorylation status of ERK1/2 in 73 cases of human brain glioma specimens and two cases of normal brain tissues. Results indicated that the protein expression levels of MMP-7, MMP-14 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation level were all elevated with the increasing pathological grades in brain glioma tissues, and correlation assay indicated that the level of ERK1/2 phosphorylation was positively correlated with protein expression levels of MMP-7 and MMP-14 in gliomas of different pathological grades respectively. Moreover, the impact of ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 on the expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-14 was examined in human U87 glioma cells by western blot analysis. The expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-14 were significantly decreased in human U87 glioma cells after treatment with ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. The above results suggest that the expressions of MMP-7 and MMP-14 may be associated with activation of ERK1/2 signaling pathway in human brain gliomas of different pathological grades.
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Vaculová A, Hofmanová J, Zatloukalová J, Kozubík A. Differences in TRAIL-induced changes of Mcl-1 expression among distinct human colon epithelial cell lines. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3259-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2008] [Revised: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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