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Wang S, Qiu L, Meng X, Dang N. Knock-down of filaggrin influences the mitogen-activated protein kinases signaling pathway in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Med Sci (Paris) 2018; 34 Focus issue F1:94-98. [PMID: 30403182 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/201834f116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Filaggrin is an essential structural protein of the stratum corneum binding to the keratin intermediate filaments to form a dense protein-lipid matrix. However, the function of filaggrin in epidermal terminal differentiation is not completely understood. AIM To evaluate the effects of filaggrin on normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) and to investigate the relevant mechanisms. METHODS Short hairpin RNA (shRNA) technology was used to knock-down filaggrin in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs). Western blot and real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed to detect expression of filaggrin, differentiation-related proteins and MAPK-related proteins. RESULTS Filaggrin was successfully knocked down in NHEKs (99% efficiency). We found that the lack of filaggrin significantly decreased the expression of some differentiation-related proteins, including Cytokeratin 5 protein, Cytokeratin 14 protein, ST14 protein and SPRR3 protein (P<0.05). In addition, filaggrin knock-down significantly decreased expression of p-p38, p-ERK1/2, p-JNK, p-Akt, and p-NF-κB in NHEKs. CONCLUSION Our study shows that filaggrin regulates epidermal terminal differentiation and impairs MAPK signaling pathway in normal human epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Wang
- Department of Community Medicine, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Liyun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianguang Meng
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ningning Dang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, No.105 Jiefang Road, Jinan 250013, Shandong Province, China
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Shi G, Liao PY, Cai XL, Pi XX, Zhang MF, Li SJ, Quan JH, Fan YM. FoxO1 enhances differentiation and apoptosis in human primary keratinocytes. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:1254-1260. [PMID: 30144329 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Forkhead box-O1 (FoxO1) is a key nutrient- and growth factor-dependent regulator of metabolism, but its functional role in human primary keratinocytes (HPKs) is less known. To investigate the role of FoxO1 in HPKs and effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and isotretinoin on FoxO1 expression, HPKs were treated with 1.2 mmol/L calcium chloride, 1-20 ng/mL IGF-1 and 0.1-10 μmol/L isotretinoin. Recombinant adenovirus expressing FoxO1 or FKHR shRNA lentivirus transfection was introduced to upregulate or silence FoxO1 expression. Epidermal FoxO1 immunostaining was lower in acne lesion than in normal skin. FoxO1 overexpression induced involucrin expression, G2/M arrest and apoptosis but suppressed proliferation, while FoxO1 silencing decreased involucrin expression but increased proliferation, S phase and viable cells in HPKs. IGF-1 downregulated FoxO1 and involucrin but upregulated p-Akt expression in HPKs, which was blocked by pretreatment with LY294002. Isotretinoin enhanced FoxO1, p53 and p21 but inhibited p-FoxO1 and involucrin expression in HPKs. These results demonstrate that FoxO1 promotes differentiation and apoptosis in HPKs. IGF-1 may reduce keratinocyte differentiation through PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway, while isotretinoin can reinforce FoxO1 expression. FoxO1 may be involved in acne pathogenesis and could serve as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Pei-Yu Liao
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Cai
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xue Pi
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Man-Feng Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shi-Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Juan-Hua Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
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Jin Y, Lyu AR, Park SJ, Xu J, Cui J, Sohn KC, Hur GM, Jin Y, Park YH. Early Postnatal NT-3 Gene Delivery Enhances Hearing Acquisition in the Developmental Period. Laryngoscope 2016; 126:E379-E385. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.26130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongde Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Ah-Ra Lyu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jae Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Yulian Jin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery; Yanbian University Hospital; Yanji China
| | - Yong-Ho Park
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Brain Research Institute , College of Medicine; Chungnam National University; Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Shin YS, Kim HW, Kim CD, Kim HW, Park JW, Jung S, Lee JH, Ko YK, Lee YH. Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Is Associated with Terminal Differentiation of Epidermis and Eccrine Sweat Glands. Ann Dermatol 2015; 27:364-70. [PMID: 26273149 PMCID: PMC4530143 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.4.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) participates in various biological activities, including the regulation of epidermal barrier homeostasis, inflammation, pain perception, and melanosome transfer in the skin. Objective To evaluate the basic physiological role of PAR-2 in skin. Methods We investigated PAR-2 expression in human epidermis, skin tumors, and cultured epidermal cells using western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. Additionally, we examined the effect of the PAR-2 agonist, SLIGRL-NH2, on cultured keratinocytes. Results Strong PAR-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the granular layer of normal human skin and the acrosyringium of the eccrine sweat glands. In contrast, weak PAR-2 immunoreactivity was seen in the granular layer of callused skin and in the duct and gland cells of the eccrine sweat glands. Interestingly, PAR-2 immunoreactivity was very weak or absent in the tumor cells of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and syringoma. PAR-2 was detected in primary keratinocytes and SV-40T-transformed human epidermal keratinocytes (SV-HEKs), an immortalized keratinocyte cell line, but not in SCC12 cells. SV-HEKs that were fully differentiated following calcium treatment displayed higher PAR-2 expression than undifferentiated SV-HEKs. Treatment of cultured SV-HEKs with PAR-2 agonist increased loricrin and filaggrin expression, a terminal differentiation marker. Conclusion Our data suggest that PAR-2 is associated with terminal differentiation of epidermis and eccrine sweat glands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Sup Shin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyung Won Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Kim
- Department of Physiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | | | - Sunggyun Jung
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Konyang University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Kwon Ko
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Sohn KC, Lee EJ, Shin JM, Lim EH, No Y, Lee JY, Yoon TY, Lee YH, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Regulation of keratinocyte differentiation by O-GlcNAcylation. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 75:10-5. [PMID: 24802710 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification is one of the posttranslational modification, emerging as an important regulatory mechanism in various cellular events. OBJECTIVE We attempted to investigate whether O-GlcNAcylation is involved in keratinocyte differentiation. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to demonstrate O-GlcNAcylation in keratinocyte differentiation. RESULTS During calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation, overall O-GlcNAcylation was decreased in a temporal manner. We focused our attention on transcription factor Sp-1, which is implicated in keratinocyte differentiation. Total Sp-1 level did not change during keratinocyte differentiation. However, O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 was decreased in a keratinocyte differentiation-dependent manner. Interestingly, transcriptional activity of Sp-1, in terms of involucrin and loricrin promoter activities, was markedly increased by overexpression of O-GlcNAcase (OGA). In addition, membrane permeable non-O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 did show transcriptional activity, while membrane permeable O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 did not, suggesting O-GlcNAcylated Sp-1 is an inactive form in keratinocyte differentiation. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic regulatory mechanism for keratinocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Min Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Hwa Lim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonoo No
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yeoun Lee
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Young Yoon
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Medical Research Institute, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Melanosome uptake is associated with the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes. Arch Dermatol Res 2013; 306:59-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-013-1422-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Li Z, Choi DK, Park YM, Kim JH, Fan YM, Nam YH, Kim S, Im M, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Expression and functional role of Sox9 in human epidermal keratinocytes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54355. [PMID: 23349860 PMCID: PMC3548846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the expression and putative role of Sox9 in epidermal keratinocyte. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Sox9 is predominantly expressed in the basal layer of normal human skin epidermis, and highly expressed in several skin diseases including psoriasis, basal cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma and squamous cell carcinoma. In calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation model, the expression of Sox9 was decreased in a time dependent manner. When Sox9 was overexpressed using a recombinant adenovirus, cell growth was enhanced, while the expression of differentiation-related genes such as loricrin and involucrin was markedly decreased. Similarly, when rat skin was intradermally injected with the adenovirus expressing Sox9, the epidermis was thickened with increase of PCNA positive cells, while the epidermal differentiation was decreased. Finally, UVB irradiation induced Sox9 expression in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes, and keratinocytes are protected from UVB-induced apoptosis by Sox9 overexpression. Together, these results suggest that Sox9 is an important regulator of epidermal keratinocytes with putative pro-proliferation and/or pro-survival functions, and may be related to several cutaneous diseases that are characterized by abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Zhengjun Li
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Min Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yi-Ming Fan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical College, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yong Hee Nam
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sooyeon Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Myung Im
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee Y, Je YJ, Lee SS, Li ZJ, Choi DK, Kwon YB, Sohn KC, Im M, Seo YJ, Lee JH. Changes in transepidermal water loss and skin hydration according to expression of aquaporin-3 in psoriasis. Ann Dermatol 2012; 24:168-74. [PMID: 22577267 PMCID: PMC3346907 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2012.24.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water transporting proteins present in many mammalian epithelial and endothelial cell types. Among the AQPs, AQP3 is known to be a water/glycerol transporter expressed in human skin. Objective The relationship between the expression level of AQP3 and transpidermal water loss (TEWL) in the lesional and peri-lesional skin of psoriasis-affected patients, and skin hydration in the lesional and peri-lesional skin of psoriasis patients, was investigated. Methods The expression of AQP3 in psoriasis-affected and healthy control skin was determined using immunohistochemical and immunofluroscence staining. TEWL and skin hydration were measured using a Tewameter® TM210 (Courage & Khazaka, Cologne, Germany) and a Corneometer® CM 820 (Courage & Khazaka), respectively. Results AQP3 was mainly expressed in the plasma membrane of stratum corneum and the stratum spinosum in normal epidermis. Unlike the normal epidermis, AQP3 showed decreased expression in the lesional and peri-lesional epidermis of psoriasis. TEWL was increased, and skin hydration was decreased, in the lesional and peri-lesional skin of psoriasis patients, compared with the healthy control sample. Conclusion Although various factors contribute to reduced skin hydration in the lesional and peri-lesional skin of psoriasis, AQP3 appears to be a key factor in the skin dehydration of psoriasis-affected skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Choi TY, Choi DK, Lee SS, Ou BS, Kim S, Lee YH, Yoon TJ, Kim SJ, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Lee JH, Kim CD. Expression of paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2c (PITX2c) in epidermal keratinocytes. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3263-71. [PMID: 20875405 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2010] [Revised: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 2 (PITX2) has been implicated as one of the genes responsible for Rieger syndrome. It has been also shown to play a central role during development. In this study, we investigated the functional role of PITX2 in keratinocyte differentiation. RT-PCR analysis showed that PITX2c isoform was predominantly expressed in a differentiation-dependent manner. Consistent with, immunohistochemical staining showed that PITX2 expression was increased in the upper layer of epidermis. When PITX2c was overexpressed in cultured keratinocytes by a recombinant adenovirus, the differentiation markers such as involucrin and loricrin were significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels. In addition, PITX2c overexpression led to the decrease of cell growth, concomitantly with the upregulation of cell cycle-related genes p21. To investigate the effect of PITX2c in vivo, we microinjected PITX2c expression vector into zebrafish embryo. Interestingly, overexpression of PITX2c in zebrafish embryo led to the formation of horn-like structure and thickening of epidermis, together with the increase of keratin 8 (K8) expression. These results suggest that PITX2c has a role in proliferation and differentiation of epidermal keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 301-747, Republic of Korea
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Shi G, Sohn KC, Choi DK, Kim YJ, Kim SJ, Ou BS, Piao YJ, Lee YH, Yoon TJ, Lee Y, Seo YJ, Kim CD, Lee JH. Brn2 is a transcription factor regulating keratinocyte differentiation with a possible role in the pathogenesis of lichen planus. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13216. [PMID: 20967260 PMCID: PMC2953493 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Terminal differentiation of skin keratinocytes is a vertically directed multi-step process that is tightly controlled by the sequential expression of a variety of genes. In this study, we investigated the role of the POU domain-containing transcription factor Brn2 in keratinocyte differentiation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Brn2 is expressed primarily in the upper granular layer. Consistent with its epidermal localization, Brn2 expression was highly induced at 14 days after calcium treatment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes. When Brn2 was overexpressed by adenoviral transduction, Brn2 led to increased expression of the differentiation-related genes involucrin, filaggrin, and loricrin in addition to inhibition of their proliferation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that Brn2 bound to the promoter regions of these differentiation-related genes. We injected the purified Brn2 adenovirus into rat skin, which led to a thickened epidermis with increased amounts of differentiation related markers. The histopathologic features of adenovirus-Brn2 injected skin tissues looked similar to the features of lichen planus, a human skin disease showing chronic inflammation and well-differentiated epidermal changes. Moreover, Brn2 is shown to be expressed in almost all cell nuclei of the thickened epidermis of lichen planus, and Brn2 also attracts T lymphocytes. Our results demonstrate that Brn2 is probably a transcriptional factor playing an important role in keratinocyte differentiation and probably also in the pathogenesis of lichen planus lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Shi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Dae-Kyoung Choi
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seong-Jin Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Bai-Sheng Ou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yong-Jun Piao
- Department of Dermatology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yoon
- Department of Dermatology and Institute of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young-Joon Seo
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Chang Deok Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Research Institute for Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Role of plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2) in keratinocyte differentiation. J Dermatol Sci 2010; 59:25-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
We obtained metastasized melanoma tissue from a primary acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) patient and established a melanoma cell line named primary culture of melanoma cell derived from lymph node (PML)-1. PML-1 cells had a light brown color and decreased the expression of melanogenesis markers, including tyrosinase (TYR), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor, and tyrosinase-related protein-1. To identify genes differentially regulated in PML-1 melanoma cells, we performed DNA microarray and two-dimensional matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry analyses. Among the candidate genes identified, we chose NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) for further study. Reverse transcription-PCR and western blot analyses showed that NQO1 was markedly decreased in PML-1 cells and in several amelanotic melanoma cell lines. To investigate whether NQO1 affects the melanogenesis, we treated the cultured normal human melanocytes (NHMC) and zebrafish with NQO1 inhibitors, ES936 and dicoumarol. Interestingly, melanogenesis was significantly decreased by the addition of NQO1 inhibitors in both NHMC and zebrafish models. In contrast, overexpression of NQO1 using a recombinant adenovirus clearly induced melanogenesis, concomitantly with an increase of TYR protein level. These results suggest that NQO1 is a positive regulator of the pigmentation process.
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