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Genetics and Genomics of SOST: Functional Analysis of Variants and Genomic Regulation in Osteoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020489. [PMID: 33419004 PMCID: PMC7825314 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SOST encodes the sclerostin protein, which acts as a key extracellular inhibitor of the canonical Wnt pathway in bone, playing a crucial role in skeletal development and bone homeostasis. The objective of this work was to assess the functionality of two variants previously identified (the rare variant rs570754792 and the missense variant p.Val10Ile) and to investigate the physical interactors of the SOST proximal promoter region in bone cells. Through a promoter luciferase reporter assay we show that the minor allele of rs570754792, a variant located in the extended TATA box motif, displays a significant decrease in promoter activity. Likewise, through western blot studies of extracellular and intracellular sclerostin, we observe a reduced expression of the p.Val10Ile mutant protein. Finally, using a circular chromosome conformation capture assay (4C-seq) in 3 bone cell types (MSC, hFOB, Saos-2), we have detected physical interactions between the SOST proximal promoter and the ECR5 enhancer, several additional enhancers located between EVT4 and MEOX1 and a distant region containing exon 18 of DHX8. In conclusion, SOST presents functional regulatory and missense variants that affect its expression and displays physical contacts with far reaching genomic sequences, which may play a role in its regulation within bone cells.
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Cheng Y, Liu S, Lu C, Wu Q, Li S, Fu H, Wang G, Lv C, Nie L, Zhang Y, Yu H, Hao L. Missense mutations in the signal peptide of the porcine GH gene affect cellular synthesis and secretion. Pituitary 2016; 19:362-9. [PMID: 26941166 DOI: 10.1007/s11102-016-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In previous investigations, we have demonstrated the mutations in the signal peptide of porcine GH gene were associated with the body size. METHODS In this study, the fusion gene expression vectors which consisted of eight signal peptide mutants of GH gene and EGFP gene were constructed according to three missense mutations (p.Val9Ala, p.Gln22Arg and p.Asp25Gly), and they were transfected into the GH3 cell line. RESULTS The inhibition levels of EGFP gene transcriptions with different signal peptide mutants were significantly different. Typically, the allelic variants carrying Val in codon nine showed higher protein synthesis (P < 0.05), and the allelic variants carrying neutral Gln in codon 22 and Gly in codon 25 showed higher secretion proportion (P < 0.05) compared with the other groups as assessed by western blotting. In silico RNA folding prediction indicated that the mutations gave rise to different RNA secondary structures, suggesting that they might affect translation and protein synthesis. CONCLUSION We conclude that the missense mutations within the signal sequence influence the expression and the secretion of the protein. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing the functional consequences of the mutations in the signal peptide of porcine GH gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Cheng
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Songcai Liu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
- Five-Star Animal Health Pharmaceutical Factory of Jilin Province, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Chao Lu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Qingyan Wu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Siming Li
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Haoyu Fu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Gang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Chen Lv
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Linyan Nie
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Linlin Hao
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China.
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Arrieta-Bolaños E, Mayor NP, Marsh SGE, Madrigal JA, Apperley JF, Kirkland K, Mackinnon S, Marks DI, McQuaker G, Perry J, Potter MN, Russell NH, Thomson K, Shaw BE. Polymorphism in TGFB1 is associated with worse non-relapse mortality and overall survival after stem cell transplantation with unrelated donors. Haematologica 2015; 101:382-90. [PMID: 26611472 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.134999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β-1, encoded by the TGFB1 gene, is a cytokine that plays a central role in many physiological and pathogenic processes. We have sequenced TGFB1 regulatory region and assigned allelic genotypes in a large cohort of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients and donors. In this study, we analyzed 522 unrelated donor-patient pairs and examined the combined effect of all the common polymorphisms in this genomic region. In univariate analysis, we found that patients carrying a specific allele, 'p001', showed significantly reduced overall survival (5-year overall survival 30.7% for p001/p001 patients vs. 41.6% others; P=0.032) and increased non-relapse mortality (1-year non-relapse mortality: 39.0% vs. 25.4%; P=0.039) after transplantation. In multivariate analysis, the presence of a p001/p001 genotype in patients was confirmed as an independent factor for reduced overall survival [hazard ratio=1.53 (1.04-2.24); P=0.031], and increased non-relapse mortality [hazard ratio=1.73 (1.06-2.83); P=0.030]. In functional experiments we found a trend towards a higher percentage of surface transforming growth factor β-1-positive regulatory T cells after activation when the cells had a p001 allele (P=0.07). Higher or lower production of transforming growth factor β-1 in the inflammatory context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation may influence the development of complications in these patients. Findings indicate that TGFB1 genotype could potentially be of use as a prognostic factor in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation risk assessment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Arrieta-Bolaños
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK Centro de Investigaciones en Hematología y Trastornos Afines (CIHATA), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Neema P Mayor
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | - Steven G E Marsh
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | - J Alejandro Madrigal
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
| | | | | | - Stephen Mackinnon
- Department of Haematology, University College London, Royal Free Campus, UK
| | - David I Marks
- Adult BMT Unit, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Grant McQuaker
- Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Beatson West of Scotland Cancer Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Julia Perry
- BSBMT Data Registry, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Nigel H Russell
- Centre for Clinical Haematology, Nottingham University Hospital, and Academic Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals, UK
| | - Kirsty Thomson
- Department of Haematology, University College Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bronwen E Shaw
- Anthony Nolan Research Institute, London, UK Cancer Institute, University College London, UK
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Tissue expression and predicted protein structures of the bovine ANGPTL3 and association of novel SNPs with growth and meat quality traits. Animal 2015; 9:1285-97. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731115000658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Dash B, Lukas RJ, Li MD. A signal peptide missense mutation associated with nicotine dependence alters α2*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function. Neuropharmacology 2014; 79:715-25. [PMID: 24467848 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A cytosine to thymidine (C → T) missense mutation in the signal peptide (SP) sequence (rs2472553) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α2 subunit produces a threonine-to-isoleucine substitution (T22I) often associated with nicotine dependence (ND). We assessed effects on function of α2*-nAChR ('*'indicates presence of additional subunits) of this mutation, which could alter SP cleavage, RNA/protein secondary structure, and/or efficiency of transcription, translation, subunit assembly, receptor trafficking or cell surface expression. Two-electrode voltage clamp analyses indicate peak current responses to ACh or nicotine are decreased 2.8-5.8-fold for putative low sensitivity (LS; 10:1 ratio of α:β subunit cRNAs injected) α2β2- or α2β4-nAChR and increased for putative high sensitivity (HS; 1:10 α:β subunit ratio) α2β2- (5.7-15-fold) or α2β4- (1.9-2.2-fold) nAChR as a result of the mutation. Agonist potencies are decreased 1.6-4-fold for putative LS or HS α2(T22I)β2-nAChR or for either α2*-nAChR subtype formed in the presence of equal amounts of subunit cRNA, slightly decreased for LS α2(T22I)β4-nAChR, but increased 1.4-2.4-fold for HS α2(T22I)β4-nAChR relative to receptors containing wild-type α2 subunits. These effects suggest that the α2 subunit SP mutation generally favors formation of LS receptor isoforms. We hypothesize that lower sensitivity of human α2*-nAChR to nicotine could contribute to increased susceptibility to ND. To our knowledge this is the first report of a SP mutation having a functional effect in a member of cys-loop family of ligand-gated ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagirathi Dash
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA
| | - Ronald J Lukas
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA
| | - Ming D Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22911, USA.
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Analysis of TGFB1 in European and Japanese Moyamoya disease patients. Eur J Med Genet 2012; 55:531-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2012.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2011] [Revised: 05/05/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mencarelli M, Zulian A, Cancello R, Alberti L, Gilardini L, Di Blasio AM, Invitti C. A novel missense mutation in the signal peptide of the human POMC gene: a possible additional link between early-onset type 2 diabetes and obesity. Eur J Hum Genet 2012; 20:1290-4. [PMID: 22643178 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2012.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Rare mutations in several genes have a critical role in the control of homeostatic mechanisms such as food-intake, energy balance and glucose metabolism. In this study, we performed a mutational screening in a 58-year-old woman presenting early-onset type 2 diabetes and central obesity. The entire coding regions of MC4R, MC3R, HNF1A, GCK and POMC (pro-opiomelanocortin) genes were analyzed by direct sequencing. A new missense mutation was identified within the POMC gene signal peptide sequence, resulting in a heterozygous substitution of an arginine for a glycine at codon 15 (p.A15G) that was excluded in 300 healthy normal weight controls. The mutation segregated in the family and was associated with overweight, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease in the carriers. Functional studies demonstrated that POMC protein was not detectable in β-TC3 cells transfected with A15G-POMC vector as well as in their culture media, despite POMC mRNA levels were comparable for amount and stability to those of wild-type-transfected cells. In silico RNA folding prediction indicated that the mutation gives rise to a different RNA secondary structure, suggesting that it might affect translation and protein synthesis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report addressing the functional consequences of a mutation in the signal peptide of POMC. These findings further support the hypothesis that POMC-derived peptides might have a role in the control of peripheral glucose metabolism and suggest that disruption of central POMC secretion might represent an additional link between type 2 diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mencarelli
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
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Xin Z, Zhang W, Xu A, Zhang L, Yan T, Li Z, Wu X, Zhu X, Ma J, Li K, Li H, Liu Y. Polymorphisms in the potential functional regions of the TGF-β 1 and TGF-β receptor genes and disease susceptibility in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Mol Carcinog 2012; 51 Suppl 1:E123-31. [PMID: 22290546 DOI: 10.1002/mc.21876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a disease of multiple etiologies caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic defects. Current evidence indicates that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a significant impact on different cellular process. Members of the TGF-β superfamily (TGF-β1, the type I TGF-β receptor [TβRI], type II TGF-β receptor [TβRII], and type III TGF-β receptor]) play an important role in tumorigenesis. Numerous studies show that genetic polymorphisms in TGF-β superfamily genes are associated with HCC in East Asian populations. We studied 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in four genes (TGF-β1, TβRI, TβRII, and TβRIII) to examine their associations with hepatocarcinogenesis. A total of 1228 Chinese Han participants were enrolled in the study (881 control participants who were negative for all hepatitis B virus [HBV] serum markers and 347 case participants with HBV-related HCC). Genotyping was conducted using the TaqMan method. The results showed that the frequency of the rs1805110 T allele was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.034). After stratification, the results for rs1805110 remained significant in male participants (P = 0.005), but there was no statistical difference in females. In males, the frequency of the C-C-G-C-A haplotype resulting from SNPs rs1805110, rs2810904, rs1805112, rs284878, and rs1804506 in TβRIII was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.001), whereas the reverse was true for the T-C-G-C-A haplotype (P = 0.036). We conclude that the rs1805110T allele is associated with susceptibility to HBV-related HCC in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Xin
- National Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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Siddiqui RA, Krawczak M, Platzer M, Sauermann U. Association of TLR7 variants with AIDS-like disease and AIDS vaccine efficacy in rhesus macaques. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25474. [PMID: 22022401 PMCID: PMC3192768 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In HIV infection, TLR7-triggered IFN-α production exerts a direct antiviral effect through the inhibition of viral replication, but may also be involved in immune pathogenesis leading to AIDS. TLR7 could also be an important mediator of vaccine efficacy. In this study, we analyzed polymorphisms in the X-linked TLR7 gene in the rhesus macaque model of AIDS. Upon resequencing of the TLR7 gene in 36 rhesus macaques of Indian origin, 12 polymorphic sites were detected. Next, we identified three tightly linked single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) as being associated with survival time. Genotyping of 119 untreated, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected male rhesus macaques, including an 'MHC adjusted' subset, revealed that the three TLR7 SNPs are also significantly associated with set-point viral load. Surprisingly, this effect was not observed in 72 immunized SIV-infected male monkeys. We hypothesize (i) that SNP c.13G>A in the leader peptide is causative for the observed genotype-phenotype association and that (ii) the underlying mechanism is related to RNA secondary structure formation. Therefore, we investigated a fourth SNP (c.-17C>T), located 17 bp upstream of the ATG translation initiation codon, that is also potentially capable of influencing RNA structure. In c.13A carriers, neither set-point viral load nor survival time were related to the c.-17C>T genotype. In c.13G carriers, by contrast, the c.-17C allele was significantly associated with prolonged survival. Again, no such association was detected among immunized SIV-infected macaques. Our results highlight the dual role of TLR7 in immunodeficiency virus infection and vaccination and imply that it may be important to control human AIDS vaccine trials, not only for MHC genotype, but also for TLR7 genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman A. Siddiqui
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute for Age Research–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Krawczak
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Christian–Albrechts University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Genome Analysis, Leibniz Institute for Age Research–Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrike Sauermann
- German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
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He F, Zhao D, Deng F, Zhong H, Shi X, Yang J, Guo S, Cheng J, Huang G, Tang B, Wang Z, Chen X, Wang G, Zhang W, Zhang C, Wang X, Hu Q. Association of TGF-beta1 gene polymorphisms in exon1 and blood levels with essential hypertension. Blood Press 2010; 19:225-33. [PMID: 20459371 DOI: 10.3109/08037051003768254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Based on a case-control study, we investigated the relationship between +869T/C and +915G/C gene polymorphisms in transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), protein levels and essential hypertension (EH) in the Kazakh and Han Chinese populations selected from the Boertonggu countryside of Shawan region in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China (n=1600). The polymorphisms of TGF-beta1 and the blood levels were detected using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism assays and sandwich ELISA, respectively. MAJOR FINDINGS An association was found between +869C-allele with higher risk of EH in these two populations. We also found that the CG haplotype of the two polymorphisms was associated with EH in the Kazakh EH patients. The levels of TGF-beta(1) in the blood were positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure both in the Kazakh and Han EH patients. Levels of the TGF-beta1 protein in the Kazakh EH patients were significantly higher than those in the Han EH patients. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION These results suggest that the TGF-beta1 +869 C allele is potentially a genetic factor of EH in these two ethnicities, the CG haplotype can be a genetic marker of EH in the Kazakh Chinese and the high concentration of TGF-beta1 is possibly associated with EH, especially in the Kazakh population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Health Ministry of China, Wuhan, China
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Polymorphisms in TGFB1 and PDGFRB are associated with Moyamoya disease in European patients. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2010; 152:2153-60. [PMID: 20571834 DOI: 10.1007/s00701-010-0711-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 06/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The etiology of Moyamoya disease (MMD) is still widely unknown. Several publications on Moyamoya describe differences of cytokine and growth factor concentrations in different specimen. We analyzed the DNA of patients with MMD for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in and upstream of the genes for previously described associated cytokines and growth factors. METHOD Thirteen SNPs were genotyped in or upstream to four genes-basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1 (CRABP1), platelet derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB), and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1)-comparing 40 DNA samples of MMD patients to 68 healthy controls from central Europe. Genotyping was performed by sequencing the SNP-containing genetic regions with custom made primers. FINDINGS We found association of two SNPs: rs382861 [A/C] (p = 0.0373, OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.03-3.17) in the promoter region of PDGFRB and rs1800471[C/G] (p = 0.0345, OR = 7.65, 95% CI = 0.97-59.95), located in the first exon of TGFB1. CONCLUSION Our results indicate possible genetic risk factors for the genesis of MMD. TGFB1 and PDGFRB are involved in vascular growth and transformation processes which may play a role in the development of MMD. Further analyses in larger European cohorts and replication in patients of different ethnicity, as well as functional studies, may lead to possible early detection of patients at risk for developing MMD and subsequently to future preventive therapies.
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Kim DR, Laurence B, Jan VM, Wilfried DN, Hubert T. Association of TGFβ1 polymorphisms involved in radiation toxicity with TGFβ1 secretion in vitro. Cytokine 2010; 50:37-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2009] [Revised: 11/25/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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