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Ba H, Wang X, Wang D, Ren J, Wang Z, Sun HX, Hu P, Zhang G, Wang S, Ma C, Wang Y, Wang E, Chen L, Liu T, Gu Y, Li C. Single-cell transcriptome reveals core cell populations and androgen-RXFP2 axis involved in deer antler full regeneration. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:43. [PMID: 36542206 PMCID: PMC9772379 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers constitute a unique mammalian model for the study of both organ formation in postnatal life and annual full regeneration. Previous studies revealed that these events are achieved through the proliferation and differentiation of antlerogenic periosteum (AP) cells and pedicle periosteum (PP) cells, respectively. As the cells resident in the AP and the PP possess stem cell attributes, both antler generation and regeneration are stem cell-based processes. However, the cell composition of each tissue type and molecular events underlying antler development remain poorly characterized. Here, we took the approach of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) and identified eight cell types (mainly THY1+ cells, progenitor cells, and osteochondroblasts) and three core subclusters of the THY1+ cells (SC2, SC3, and SC4). Endothelial and mural cells each are heterogeneous at transcriptional level. It was the proliferation of progenitor, mural, and endothelial cells in the activated antler-lineage-specific tissues that drove the rapid formation of the antler. We detected the differences in the initial differentiation process between antler generation and regeneration using pseudotime trajectory analysis. These may be due to the difference in the degree of stemness of the AP-THY1+ and PP-THY1+ cells. We further found that androgen-RXFP2 axis may be involved in triggering initial antler full regeneration. Fully deciphering the cell composition for these antler tissue types will open up new avenues for elucidating the mechanism underlying antler full renewal in specific and regenerative medicine in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengxing Ba
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Xin Wang
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Datao Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,grid.410727.70000 0001 0526 1937Institute of Special Wild Economic Animals and Plants, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 130112, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Ren
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Zhen Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Hai-Xi Sun
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China
| | - Pengfei Hu
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Guokun Zhang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Chao Ma
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Yusu Wang
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China
| | - Enpeng Wang
- grid.440665.50000 0004 1757 641XJilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Liang Chen
- grid.49470.3e0000 0001 2331 6153Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, RNA Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianbin Liu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ying Gu
- grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083 Guangdong China ,grid.410726.60000 0004 1797 8419College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China ,grid.21155.320000 0001 2034 1839Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518120 Guangdong China
| | - Chunyi Li
- grid.440668.80000 0001 0006 0255Institute of Antler Science and Product Technology, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Changchun, 130600 China ,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Deer Antler Biology, Changchun, 130600 China ,grid.464353.30000 0000 9888 756XCollege of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118 China
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Waters JA, Urbano I, Robinson M, House CD. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5: Diverse roles in cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1052457. [PMID: 36465383 PMCID: PMC9714447 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1052457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) and the associated signaling components in the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) pathway regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and adhesion. Of the IGFBPs, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is the most evolutionarily conserved with a dynamic range of IGF-dependent and -independent functions, and studies on the actions of IGFBP5 in cancer have been somewhat paradoxical. In cancer, the IGFBPs respond to external stimuli to modulate disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness in a context specific manner. This review discusses the different roles of IGF signaling and IGFBP5 in disease with an emphasis on discoveries within the last twenty years, which underscore a need to clarify the IGF-independent actions of IGFBP5, the impact of its subcellular localization, the differential activities of each of the subdomains, and the response to elements of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Additionally, recent advances addressing the role of IGFBP5 in resistance to cancer therapeutics will be discussed. A better understanding of the contexts in which IGFBP5 functions will facilitate the discovery of new mechanisms of cancer progression that may lead to novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Waters
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Ixchel Urbano
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Mikella Robinson
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Carrie D. House
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States,Moore’s Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States,*Correspondence: Carrie D. House,
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Kok HJ, Barton ER. Actions and interactions of IGF-I and MMPs during muscle regeneration. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 119:11-22. [PMID: 33962867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle regeneration requires the coordination of several factors to mobilize satellite cells and macrophages, remodel the extracellular matrix surrounding muscle fibers, and repair existing and/or form new muscle fibers. In this review, we focus on insulin-like growth factor I and the matrix metalloproteinases, which are secreted proteins that act on cells and the matrix to resolve damage. While their actions appear independent, their interactions occur at the transcriptional and post-translational levels to promote feed-forward activation of each other. Together, these proteins assist at virtually every step of the repair process, and contribute significantly to muscle regenerative capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jean Kok
- Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Elisabeth R Barton
- Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, College of Health and Human Performance, University of Florida, 1864 Stadium Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Park HJ, Lee WY, Chai SY, Woo JS, Chung HJ, Park JK, Song H, Hong K. Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 and Regulation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Axis in Pig Testis. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-018-0041-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Louzao-Martinez L, Vink A, Harakalova M, Asselbergs FW, Verhaar MC, Cheng C. Characteristic adaptations of the extracellular matrix in dilated cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2016; 220:634-46. [PMID: 27391006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a relatively common heart muscle disease characterized by the dilation and thinning of the left ventricle accompanied with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Myocardial fibrosis is a major feature in DCM and therefore it is inevitable that corresponding extracellular matrix (ECM) changes are involved in DCM onset and progression. Increasing our understanding of how ECM adaptations are involved in DCM could be important for the development of future interventions. This review article discusses the molecular adaptations in ECM composition and structure that have been reported in both animal and human studies of DCM. Furthermore, we provide a transcriptome-based catalogue of ECM genes that are associated with DCM, generated by using NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus database sets for DCM. Based on this in silico analysis, many novel ECM components involved in DCM are identified and discussed in this review. With the information gathered, we propose putative pathways of ECM adaptations in onset and progression of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Louzao-Martinez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Netherlands Heart Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Division of Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, United Kingdom
| | - Marianne C Verhaar
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline Cheng
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Division of Internal Medicine and Dermatology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Thoraxcenter, Division of Experimental Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Nässel DR, Vanden Broeck J. Insulin/IGF signaling in Drosophila and other insects: factors that regulate production, release and post-release action of the insulin-like peptides. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:271-90. [PMID: 26472340 PMCID: PMC11108470 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2063-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are important regulators of metabolism, growth, reproduction and lifespan, and mechanisms of insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) have been well conserved over evolution. In insects, between one and 38 ILPs have been identified in each species. Relatively few insect species have been investigated in depth with respect to ILP functions, and therefore we focus mainly on the well-studied fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. In Drosophila eight ILPs (DILP1-8), but only two receptors (dInR and Lgr3) are known. DILP2, 3 and 5 are produced by a set of neurosecretory cells (IPCs) in the brain and their biosynthesis and release are controlled by a number of mechanisms differing between larvae and adults. Adult IPCs display cell-autonomous sensing of circulating glucose, coupled to evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for DILP release. The glucose-mediated DILP secretion is modulated by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as by factors released from the intestine and adipocytes. Larval IPCs, however, are indirectly regulated by glucose-sensing endocrine cells producing adipokinetic hormone, or by circulating factors from the intestine and fat body. Furthermore, IIS is situated within a complex physiological regulatory network that also encompasses the lipophilic hormones, 20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone. After release from IPCs, the ILP action can be modulated by circulating proteins that act either as protective carriers (binding proteins), or competitive inhibitors. Some of these proteins appear to have additional functions that are independent of ILPs. Taken together, the signaling with multiple ILPs is under complex control, ensuring tightly regulated IIS in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick R Nässel
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Molecular Developmental Physiology and Signal Transduction, Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Zoological Institute, K.U. Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
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7
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Lysine residues of IGF-I are substrates for transglutaminases and modulate downstream IGF-I signalling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1833:3176-3185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Darr J, Klochendler A, Isaac S, Eden A. Loss of IGFBP7 expression and persistent AKT activation contribute to SMARCB1/Snf5-mediated tumorigenesis. Oncogene 2013; 33:3024-32. [PMID: 23851500 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2012] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SMARCB1 (Snf5/Ini1/Baf47) is a potent tumor suppressor, the loss of which serves as the diagnostic feature in malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) and atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT), two highly aggressive forms of pediatric neoplasms. SMARCB1 is a core subunit of Swi/Snf chromatin remodeling complexes, and loss of SMARCB1 or other subunits of these complexes has been observed in a variety of tumor types. Here, we restore Smarcb1 expression in cells derived from Smarcb1-deficient tumors, which developed in Smarcb1 heterozygous p53(-/-) mice. We find that while re-introduction of Smarcb1 does not induce growth arrest, it restores sensitivity to programmed cell death and completely abolishes the ability of the tumor cells to grow as xenografts. We describe persistent activation of AKT signaling in Smarcb1-deficient cells, which stems from PI3K (phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase)-mediated signaling and which contributes to the survival and proliferation of the tumor cells. We further demonstrate that inhibition of AKT is effective in preventing proliferation of Smarcb1-deficient cells in vitro and inhibits the development of xenografted tumors in vivo. Profiling Smarcb1-dependent gene expression, we find genes that require Smarcb1 and Swi/Snf for their expression to be enriched for extracellular matrix and cell adhesion functions. We find that Smarcb1 is required for transcriptional activation of Igfbp7, a member of the insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins family and a tumor suppressor in itself, and show that re-introduction of Igfbp7 alone can hinder tumor development. Our results define a novel mechanism for Smarcb1-mediated tumorigenesis and highlight potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Darr
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Klochendler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - S Isaac
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - A Eden
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Sureshbabu A, Okajima H, Yamanaka D, Tonner E, Shastri S, Maycock J, Szymanowska M, Shand J, Takahashi SI, Beattie J, Allan G, Flint D. IGFBP5 induces cell adhesion, increases cell survival and inhibits cell migration in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:1693-705. [PMID: 22328518 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.092882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of tissue boundaries is crucial for control of metastasis. We describe a new signalling pathway in which epithelial cell disruption can be minimised and thereby restricts epithelial-mesenchymal transgressions. This involves the release of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) from apoptotic cells, which increases the adhesion of epithelial cells on mesenchymal but not epithelial extracellular matrix (ECM), and involves the direct interaction of IGFBP5 and α2β1 integrins. IGFBP5 also induced cell adhesion to vitronectin in the absence of αVβ3 integrin, the vitronectin receptor, again through an α2β1-integrin-dependent action, suggesting that IGFBP5 can induce spreading on matrices, even in the absence of the integrins normally used in this process. Using IGFBP5 mutants we demonstrate that the effect is IGF-independent but requires the heparin-binding domain in the C-terminus of IGFBP5. A truncated mutant containing only the C-terminal of IGFBP5 also induced adhesion. Adhesion induced by IGFBP5 was dependent on Cdc42 and resulted in activation of integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and Akt. Consistent with these changes, IGFBP5 facilitated prolonged cell survival in nutrient-poor conditions and decreased phosphorylation of the stress-activated kinase p38 MAPK (MAPK14). Whereas IGFBP5 enhanced adhesion, it inhibited cell migration, although this was not evident using the truncated C-terminal mutant, suggesting that effects of IGFBP5 on adhesion and migration involve different mechanisms. We anticipate that these responses to IGFBP5 would reduce the metastatic potential of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angara Sureshbabu
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Although the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system is essential for normal growth and development, its dysregulation has been implicated in a range of pathological states. The peptide growth factors IGF-I and IGF-II exert their effects by binding to cell-surface heterotetrameric tyrosine kinase receptors and activating multiple intracellular signalling cascades, leading to changes in the expression of proteins essential for cell proliferation, survival and differentiation. The IGF system comprises multiple ligands, receptors and high-affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), with added complexity arising from crosstalk between its receptors and other key growth-regulatory pathways such as those activated by steroid hormones, integrins and other receptor tyrosine kinases. The IGFBPs are also increasingly recognised for their intrinsic growth-regulatory activity, and the ability of IGFBP-3 to modulate signalling pathways of nuclear hormone and growth factor receptors, as well as novel receptors, is believed to play a role both in normal physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet L Martin
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
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Menssen A, Häupl T, Sittinger M, Delorme B, Charbord P, Ringe J. Differential gene expression profiling of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during adipogenic development. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:461. [PMID: 21943323 PMCID: PMC3222637 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adipogenesis is the developmental process by which mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) differentiate into pre-adipocytes and adipocytes. The aim of the study was to analyze the developmental strategies of human bone marrow MSC developing into adipocytes over a defined time scale. Here we were particularly interested in differentially expressed transcription factors and biochemical pathways. We studied genome-wide gene expression profiling of human MSC based on an adipogenic differentiation experiment with five different time points (day 0, 1, 3, 7 and 17), which was designed and performed in reference to human fat tissue. For data processing and selection of adipogenic candidate genes, we used the online database SiPaGene for Affymetrix microarray expression data. RESULTS The mesenchymal stem cell character of human MSC cultures was proven by cell morphology, by flow cytometry analysis and by the ability of the cells to develop into the osteo-, chondro- and adipogenic lineage. Moreover we were able to detect 184 adipogenic candidate genes (85 with increased, 99 with decreased expression) that were differentially expressed during adipogenic development of MSC and/or between MSC and fat tissue in a highly significant way (p < 0.00001). Subsequently, groups of up- or down-regulated genes were formed and analyzed with biochemical and cluster tools. Among the 184 genes, we identified already known transcription factors such as PPARG, C/EBPA and RTXA. Several of the genes could be linked to corresponding biochemical pathways like the adipocyte differentiation, adipocytokine signalling, and lipogenesis pathways. We also identified new candidate genes possibly related to adipogenesis, such as SCARA5, coding for a receptor with a putative transmembrane domain and a collagen-like domain, and MRAP, encoding an endoplasmatic reticulum protein. CONCLUSIONS Comparing differential gene expression profiles of human MSC and native fat cells or tissue allowed us to establish a comprehensive differential kinetic gene expression network of adipogenesis. Based on this, we identified known and unknown genes and biochemical pathways that may be relevant for adipogenic differentiation. Our results encourage further and more focused studies on the functional relevance of particular adipogenic candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriane Menssen
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité Platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
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12
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Kim B, Huang G, Ho WB, Greenspan DS. Bone morphogenetic protein-1 processes insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:29014-29025. [PMID: 21697095 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.252585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein-1 (BMP1)-like metalloproteinases play key roles in extracellular matrix formation, by converting precursors into mature functional proteins involved in forming the extracellular matrix. The BMP1-like proteinases also play roles in activating growth factors, such as BMP2/4, myostatin, growth differentiation factor 11, and transforming growth factor β1, by cleaving extracellular antagonists. The extracellular insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) are involved in regulating the effects of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) on growth, development, and metabolism. Of the six IGFBPs, IGFBP3 has the greatest interaction with the large pool of circulating IGFs. It is also produced locally in tissues and is itself regulated by proteolytic processing. Here, we show that BMP1 cleaves human and mouse IGFBP3 at a single conserved site, resulting in markedly reduced ability of cleaved IGFBP3 to bind IGF-I or to block IGF-I-induced cell signaling. In contrast, such cleavage is shown to result in enhanced IGF-I-independent ability of cleaved IGFBP3 to block FGF-induced proliferation and to induce Smad phosphorylation. Consistent with in vivo roles for such cleavage, it is shown that, whereas wild type mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) produce cleaved IGFBP3, MEFs doubly null for the Bmp1 gene and for the Tll1 gene, which encodes the related metalloproteinase mammalian Tolloid-like 1 (mTLL1), produce only unprocessed IGFBP3, thus demonstrating endogenous BMP1-related proteinases to be responsible for IGFBP3-processing activity in MEFs. Similarly, in zebrafish embryos, overexpression of Bmp1a is shown to reverse an Igfbp3-induced phenotype, consistent with the ability of BMP1-like proteinases to cleave IGFBP3 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byoungjae Kim
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and
| | - Guorui Huang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and
| | - Wen-Bin Ho
- FibroGen, Inc., San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Daniel S Greenspan
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, and the Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 and.
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Beattie J, McIntosh L, van der Walle CF. Cross-talk between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and membrane integrins to regulate cell physiology. J Cell Physiol 2010; 224:605-11. [PMID: 20432472 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The biology of cross-talk between activated growth factor receptors and cell-surface integrins is an area which has attracted much interest in recent years (Schwartz and Ginsberg, 2002). This review discusses the relationship between the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis and cell-surface integrin receptors in the regulation of various aspects of cell physiology. Key to these interactions are signals transmitted between integrins and the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) when either or both are bound to their cognate ligands and we will review the current state of knowledge in this area. The IGF axis comprises many molecular components and we will also discuss the potential role of these species in cross-talk with the integrin receptor. With respect to integrin ligands, we will mainly focus on the well-characterized interactions of the two extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins fibronectin (FN) and vitronectin (VN) with cell-surface ligands, and, how this affects activity through the IGF axis. However, we will also highlight the importance of other integrin activation mechanisms and their impact on IGF activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Beattie
- Department of Oral Biology, Leeds Dental Institute, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.
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14
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Carson AE, Barker TH. Emerging concepts in engineering extracellular matrix variants for directing cell phenotype. Regen Med 2009; 4:593-600. [PMID: 19580407 DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Directing specific, complex cell behaviors, such as differentiation, in response to biomaterials for regenerative medicine applications is, at present, a mostly unrealized goal. To date, current technological advances have been inspired by the reductionist point of view, focused on developing simple and merely adequate environments that facilitate simple cellular adhesion. However, even if extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived peptides, such as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), have largely demonstrated their utility in supporting cell adhesion, their lack of biological specificity is simply not optimal for controlling more integrated processes, such as cell differentiation. These more complex cellular processes require specific integrin-signaling scaffolds and presumably synergistic integrin and growth factor-receptor signaling. This article will introduce some current efforts to engineer ECM variants that incorporate additional levels of complexity for directing greater integrin specificity and synergistic ECM growth factor signaling toward directing cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E Carson
- The Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332-0535, USA
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