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Wang Y, Wu J, Zhang H, Yang X, Gu R, Liu Y, Wu R. Comprehensive review of milk fat globule membrane proteins across mammals and lactation periods in health and disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39106211 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2387763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2024]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a three-layer membrane-like structure encasing natural milk fat globules (MFGs). MFGM holds promise as a nutritional supplement because of the numerous physiological functions of its constituent protein. This review summarizes and compares the differences in MFGM protein composition across various species, including bovines, goats, camels, mares, and donkeys, and different lactation periods, such as colostrum and mature milk, as assessed by techniques such as proteomics and mass spectrometry. We also discuss the health benefits of MFGM proteins throughout life. MFGM proteins promote intestinal development, neurodevelopment, and glucose and lipid metabolism by upregulating tight junction protein expression, brain function-related genes, and glucose and fatty acid biosynthesis processes. We focus on the mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects of MFGM proteins. MFGM proteins activate key substances in in signaling pathways, such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and myosin light chain kinase signaling pathways. Overall, the consumption of MFGM proteins plays an essential role in conferring health benefits, some of which are important throughout the mammalian life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Junrui Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Henan Zhang
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Xujin Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, P.R. China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P.R. China
| | - Rina Wu
- College of Food Science, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Shenyang Key Laboratory of Microbial Fermentation Technology Innovation, Shenyang, P.R. China
- Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Food Fermentation Technology, Shenyang, P.R. China
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Pellegrino M, Secli V, D’Amico S, Petrilli LL, Caforio M, Folgiero V, Tumino N, Vacca P, Vinci M, Fruci D, de Billy E. Manipulating the tumor immune microenvironment to improve cancer immunotherapy: IGF1R, a promising target. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1356321. [PMID: 38420122 PMCID: PMC10899349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1356321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has made impressive advances in improving the outcome of patients affected by malignant diseases. Nonetheless, some limitations still need to be tackled to more efficiently and safely treat patients, in particular for those affected by solid tumors. One of the limitations is related to the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which impairs anti-tumor immunity. Efforts to identify targets able to turn the TME into a milieu more auspicious to current immuno-oncotherapy is a real challenge due to the high redundancy of the mechanisms involved. However, the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), an attractive drug target for cancer therapy, is emerging as an important immunomodulator and regulator of key immune cell functions. Here, after briefly summarizing the IGF1R signaling pathway in cancer, we review its role in regulating immune cells function and activity, and discuss IGF1R as a promising target to improve anti-cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Pellegrino
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Secli
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia D’Amico
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Lisa Petrilli
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Caforio
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Folgiero
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Tumino
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Vacca
- Immunology Research Area, Innate Lymphoid Cells Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vinci
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Doriana Fruci
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Emmanuel de Billy
- Oncohematology and Pharmaceutical Factory Research Area, Pediatric Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Ling M, Quan L, Lai X, Lang L, Li F, Yang X, Fu Y, Feng S, Yi X, Zhu C, Gao P, Zhu X, Wang L, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. VEGFB Promotes Myoblasts Proliferation and Differentiation through VEGFR1-PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13352. [PMID: 34948148 PMCID: PMC8707860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) plays a vital role in regulating vascular biological function. However, the role of VEGFB in regulating skeletal muscle cell proliferation and differentiation remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of VEGFB on C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation and to explore the underlying mechanism. For proliferation, VEGFB significantly promoted the proliferation of C2C12 myoblasts with the upregulating expression of cyclin D1 and PCNA. Meanwhile, VEGFB enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 (VEGFR1) expression and activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in a VEGFR1-dependent manner. In addition, the knockdown of VEGFR1 and inhibition of PI3K/Akt totally abolished the promotion of C2C12 proliferation induced by VEGFB, suggesting that VEGFB promoted C2C12 myoblast proliferation through the VEGFR1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Regarding differentiation, VEGFB significantly stimulated the differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts via VEGFR, with elevated expressions of MyoG and MyHC. Furthermore, the knockdown of VEGFR1 rather than NRP1 eliminated the VEGFB-stimulated C2C12 differentiation. Moreover, VEGFB activated the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in a VEGFR1-dependent manner. However, the inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR blocked the promotion of C2C12 myoblasts differentiation induced by VEGFB, indicating the involvement of the PI3K/Akt pathway. To conclude, these findings showed that VEGFB promoted C2C12 myoblast proliferation and differentiation via the VEGFR1-PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, providing new insights into the regulation of skeletal muscle development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lulu Quan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Limin Lang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Fan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shengchun Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (M.L.); (L.Q.); (X.L.); (L.L.); (F.L.); (X.Y.); (Y.F.); (S.F.); (X.Y.); (C.Z.); (P.G.); (X.Z.); (L.W.); (G.S.); (Q.J.)
- National Engineering Research Center for the Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Cao Y, Wang Z, Yu T, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Lu Z, Lu W, Yu J. Sepsis induces muscle atrophy by inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis via PLK1-AKT signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9724-9739. [PMID: 34514712 PMCID: PMC8505846 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy are common in patients in intensive care units with high mortality, while the mechanisms are controversial and complicated. In the present study, the atrophy of skeletal muscle was evaluated in sepsis mouse model as well as the apoptosis of muscle fibres. Sepsis induced atrophy of skeletal muscle and apoptosis of myofibres in vivo and in vitro. In cell-based in vitro experiments, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation also inhibited the proliferation of myoblasts. At the molecular level, the expression of polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-AKT) was decreased. Overexpression of PLK1 partly rescued LPS-induced apoptosis, proliferation suppression and atrophy in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, inhibiting the AKT pathway deteriorated LPS-induced atrophy in PLK1-overexpressing C2C12 myotubes. PLK1 was found to participate in regulating apoptosis and E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in C2C12 cells. Taken together, these results indicate that sepsis induces skeletal muscle atrophy by promoting apoptosis of muscle fibres and inhibiting proliferation of myoblasts via regulation of the PLK1-AKT pathway. These findings enhance understanding of the mechanism of sepsis-induced skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying‐Ya Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of NeurosurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Zhong‐Han Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Zi‐Meng Lu
- College of Food Science and EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShanxiChina
| | - Wei‐Hua Lu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitThe First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical CollegeWuhuAnhuiChina
| | - Jian‐Bo Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care MedicineTianjin Nankai HospitalTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
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Wang M, Yu D, Zheng L, Hong B, Li H, Hu X, Zhang K, Mou Y. Mechanical Stress Affects Circadian Rhythm in Skeletal Muscle (C2C12 Myoblasts) by Reducing Per/Cry Gene Expression and Increasing Bmal1 Gene Expression. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928359. [PMID: 33444293 PMCID: PMC7814509 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm can modulate normal activity of humans in adapting to daily environment changes. Mechanical stress loading affects skeletal muscle development and bio-functions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stress loading on circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 cells) and to explore the associated mechanism. MATERIAL AND METHODS C2C12 myoblasts were cultured and treated with mechanical stress loading. After mechanical stress loading for 6 h,12 h, and 24 h, we observed the C2C12 myoblasts and determined gene transcription and protein expression of Clock genes, including Clock, Bmal1, Per, and Cry using RT-PCR and western blot assay. RESULTS Mechanical stress loading triggered C2C12 cells growing by force direction and enhanced the cell proliferation at 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of the core Clock-associated molecules, Clock and Bmal1, increased from start of loading to 12 h, and decreased from 12 h to 24 h. Gene transcription and protein expression of core Clock-associated molecules, Cry and Per, decreased in the first 12 h (from 6 h to 12 h) and increased in the last 12 h (from 12 h to 24 h). CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that mechanical stress loading affected circadian rhythm in skeletal muscle (C2C12 myoblasts) through reducing Per/Cry and enhancing Clock/Bmal1 gene expression. This study provides insights for investigating circadian rhythm and associated bio-functions of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Wang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Da Yu
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Zheng
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hong
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Houxuan Li
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobei Hu
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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Transcriptional regulation of seven cyadox-related genes mainly activated by PI3K and NF-кB signaling pathways in PK-15 cells. Res Vet Sci 2020; 131:232-243. [PMID: 32417693 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cyadox, a new antibacterial agent as the quinoxaline-1, 4-dioxides, has a good antibacterial and growth-promoting effect, and has the advantages of lower toxicity, adequate safety and faster absorption. Seven differential expressed genes (DEGs) induced by cyadox were screened in swine liver tissues, including Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), the Defender Against Apoptotic Death 1 (DAD1), Complement Component 3 (C3), Transketolase (TK) and cyadox-related novel gene (CRNG). To elucidate the signal mechanism that cyadox altered these genes expression, the time-effect relationship and signaling pathways related to 7 DEGs induced by cyadox were determined in Porcine Kidney-15 (PK-15) cells by RT-qPCR and the application of various signal pathway inhibitors. The phosphorylation levels of signal factors in PK-15 cells were detected by Western blot. The analyses demonstrated that, the mRNA expressions of 7 DEGs were significantly enhanced by cyadox mainly through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-кB) signaling pathways in PK-15 cells. Furthermore, EGF might be the early response gene of cyadox to activate downstream signaling pathways and regulates the expression of other related genes or directly exerting biological effects. In brief, cyadox mainly regulates the expression of these 7 genes by PI3K and NF-кB signaling pathways to exert it's antibacterial and growth-promoting activity in PK-15 cells.
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Da Y, Mou Y, Wang M, Yuan X, Yan F, Lan W, Zhang F. Mechanical stress promotes biological functions of C2C12 myoblasts by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 21:470-477. [PMID: 31746379 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and differentiation in multiple types of cells. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical stress on C2C12 cell proliferation and to explore the associated mechanisms. A cyclic mechanical stress model of C2C12 myoblasts was established. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting assay were used to examine the PI3K signaling pathways involved in the progress of cell differentiation. Cell counting kit‑8 (CCK‑8) assay was used to evaluate the proliferation of C2C12 cells. Flow cytometry was employed to evaluate apoptosis following mechanical stress. The results demonstrated that mechanical stress activated the PI3K signaling pathway in C2C12 myoblasts. Mechanical stress significantly promoted phosphorylation (p‑) of AKT and expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) compared with the normal group. Mechanical stress significantly promoted 4E‑binding protein 1 (4EBP1) expression in C2C12 cells compared with the normal group. The PI3K specific inhibitor LY294002 significantly decreased 4EBP1 expression and reduced p‑AKT and p‑mTOR expression compared with the mechanical stress group. Mechanical stress promoted C2C12 cell proliferation. Apoptosis of C2C12 significantly decreased in the mechanical stress group compared with the normal group. Cyclin D levels significantly increased in the mechanical stress group compared with the normal group. In conclusion, mechanical stress promoted biological functions of C2C12 cells by activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. These results may contribute to a better understanding of the effects of mechanical stress on cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Da
- Department of Stomatology, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, P.R. China
| | - Yongbin Mou
- Department of Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Mengjia Wang
- Department of Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong 266000, P.R. China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Lan
- Department of Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Implantology, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, P.R. China
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Li S, Fu Y, Pang Y, Tong H, Li S, Yan Y. GRP94 promotes muscle differentiation by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:21211-21223. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yuying Fu
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yusheng Pang
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Huili Tong
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Shufeng Li
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
| | - Yunqin Yan
- The Laboratory of Cell and Development Northeast Agricultural University Harbin Heilongjiang China
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Arbore G, West EE, Rahman J, Le Friec G, Niyonzima N, Pirooznia M, Tunc I, Pavlidis P, Powell N, Li Y, Liu P, Servais A, Couzi L, Fremeaux-Bacchi V, Placais L, Ferraro A, Walsh PR, Kavanagh D, Afzali B, Lavender P, Lachmann HJ, Kemper C. Complement receptor CD46 co-stimulates optimal human CD8 + T cell effector function via fatty acid metabolism. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4186. [PMID: 30305631 PMCID: PMC6180132 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06706-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of human CD4+ Th1 cells requires autocrine stimulation of the complement receptor CD46 in direct crosstalk with a CD4+ T cell-intrinsic NLRP3 inflammasome. However, it is unclear whether human cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses also rely on an intrinsic complement-inflammasome axis. Here we show, using CTLs from patients with CD46 deficiency or with constitutively-active NLRP3, that CD46 delivers co-stimulatory signals for optimal CTL activity by augmenting nutrient-influx and fatty acid synthesis. Surprisingly, although CTLs express NLRP3, a canonical NLRP3 inflammasome is not required for normal human CTL activity, as CTLs from patients with hyperactive NLRP3 activity function normally. These findings establish autocrine complement and CD46 activity as integral components of normal human CTL biology, and, since CD46 is only present in humans, emphasize the divergent roles of innate immune sensors between mice and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Arbore
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erin E West
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jubayer Rahman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gaelle Le Friec
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nathalie Niyonzima
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mehdi Pirooznia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ilker Tunc
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Powell
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Yuesheng Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Poching Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Aude Servais
- Service de Néphrologie adulte, Hôpital Necker, Paris, France
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Nephrologie,Transplantation, Dialyse, CHU Bordeaux, and CNRS-UMR 5164 Immuno ConcEpT, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Veronique Fremeaux-Bacchi
- Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, and INSERM UMR S1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Leo Placais
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alastair Ferraro
- Department of Renal Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Patrick R Walsh
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Kavanagh
- National Renal Complement Therapeutics Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
- Immunoregulation Section, Kidney Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Lavender
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Helen J Lachmann
- UK National Amyloidosis Centre, Division of Medicine, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
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10
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Li H, Xu W, Ma Y, Zhou S, Xiao R. Milk fat globule membrane protein promotes C 2C 12 cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 114:1305-1314. [PMID: 29634969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein is known to have several health benefits, including an anti-sarcopenia effect; however, its mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential mechanism of action of the MFGM protein. The MFGM protein was extracted and separated into 4 fractions, and Fraction 2 (57% of total MFGM) demonstrated the greatest effect on C2C12 cell proliferation. Milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) accounted for 82.35% of the MFGM protein. The effects of whole Fraction 2 (100μg/mL, 200μg/mL and 300μg/mL) on cell proliferation and morphology were measured. Using qRT-PCR or a Western blot assay, several regulatory factors, e.g., PI3K P85α, p-pI3K p85α (Tyr 508), Akt, p-Akt (Ser 473), mTOR and p-mTOR (Ser 2448), were measured in cells incubated with 200μg/mL of Fraction 2 with or without wortmannin. The results demonstrated that Fraction 2 induced C2C12 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, upregulated the mRNA expression of mTOR and p70S6K, and activated PI3K, Akt, mTOR and P70S6K phosphorylation; however, Fraction 2 inhibited FOXO3a and 4E-BP. The results demonstrate that the MFGM protein, predominantly MFG-E8, promotes cell proliferation through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This study elucidated the molecular mechanism of the MFGM protein, primarily MFG-E8, in promoting C2C12 cell proliferation via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/P70S6K signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
| | - Ran Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, PR China
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11
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Prohibitin-2 negatively regulates AKT2 expression to promote prostate cancer cell migration. Int J Mol Med 2017; 41:1147-1155. [DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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12
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Thakur S, Garg N, Zhang N, Hussey SE, Musi N, Adamo ML. IGF-1 receptor haploinsufficiency leads to age-dependent development of metabolic syndrome. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 486:937-944. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.03.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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13
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Matheny RW, Carrigan CT, Abdalla MN, Geddis AV, Leandry LA, Aguilar CA, Hobbs SS, Urso ML. RNA transcript expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components in regenerating skeletal muscle is sensitive to initial injury intensity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 32:14-21. [PMID: 27647425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the coordinated input from multiple stimuli. Of these processes, actions of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are vital; however, whether IGF-I or PI3K expression is modified during regeneration relative to initial damage intensity is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether mRNA expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components was differentially regulated during muscle regeneration in mice in response to traumatic injury induced by freezing of two different durations. DESIGN Traumatic injury was imposed by applying a 6-mm diameter cylindrical steel probe, cooled to the temperature of dry ice (-79°C), to the belly of the left tibialis anterior muscle of 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice for either 5s (5s) or 10s (10s). The right leg served as the uninjured control. RNA was obtained from injured and control muscles following 3, 7, and 21days recovery and examined by real-time PCR. Expression of transcripts within the IGF, PI3K, and Akt families, as well as for myogenic regulatory factors and micro-RNAs were studied. RESULTS Three days following injury, there was significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r1, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in response to either 5s or 10s injury compared to uninjured control muscle. There was a significantly greater expression of Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3cg, Pik3r5, Akt1, and Akt3 in 10s injured muscle compared to 5s injured muscle. Seven days following injury, we observed significantly increased expression of Igf1, Igf2, Pik3cd, and Pik3cg in injured muscle compared to control muscle in response to 10s freeze injury. We also observed significantly reduced expression of Igf1r and miR-133a in response to 5s freeze injury compared to control muscle, and significantly reduced expression of Ckm, miR-1 and miR-133a in response to 10s freeze injury as compared to control. Twenty-one days following injury, 5s freeze-injured muscle exhibited significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cg, Akt3, Myod1, Myog, Myf5, and miR-206 compared to control muscle, while 10s freeze-injured muscles showed significantly increased expression of Igf2, Igf2r, Pik3cb, Pik3cd, Pik3r5, Akt1, Akt3, and Myog compared to control. Expression of miR-1 was significantly reduced in 10s freeze-injured muscle compared to control muscle at this time. There were no significant differences in RNA expression between 5s and 10s injury at either 7d or 21d recovery in any transcript examined. CONCLUSIONS During early skeletal muscle regeneration in mice, transcript expressions for some components of the IGF-I/PI3K pathway are sensitive to initial injury intensity induced by freeze damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Christopher T Carrigan
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Mary N Abdalla
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Alyssa V Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Luis A Leandry
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Carlos A Aguilar
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory, 244 Wood St., Lexington, MA 02420, USA
| | - Stuart S Hobbs
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Maria L Urso
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave., Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA
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14
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Kolev M, Kemper C. Keeping It All Going-Complement Meets Metabolism. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1. [PMID: 28149297 PMCID: PMC5241319 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is an evolutionary old and crucial component of innate immunity, which is key to the detection and removal of invading pathogens. It was initially discovered as a liver-derived sentinel system circulating in serum, the lymph, and interstitial fluids that mediate the opsonization and lytic killing of bacteria, fungi, and viruses and the initiation of the general inflammatory responses. Although work performed specifically in the last five decades identified complement also as a critical instructor of adaptive immunity—indicating that complement’s function is likely broader than initially anticipated—the dominant opinion among researchers and clinicians was that the key complement functions were in principle defined. However, there is now a growing realization that complement activity goes well beyond “classic” immune functions and that this system is also required for normal (neuronal) development and activity and general cell and tissue integrity and homeostasis. Furthermore, the recent discovery that complement activation is not confined to the extracellular space but occurs within cells led to the surprising understanding that complement is involved in the regulation of basic processes of the cell, particularly those of metabolic nature—mostly via novel crosstalks between complement and intracellular sensor, and effector, pathways that had been overlooked because of their spatial separation. These paradigm shifts in the field led to a renaissance in complement research and provide new platforms to now better understand the molecular pathways underlying the wide-reaching effects of complement functions in immunity and beyond. In this review, we will cover the current knowledge about complement’s emerging relationship with the cellular metabolism machinery with a focus on the functional differences between serum-circulating versus intracellularly active complement during normal cell survival and induction of effector functions. We will also discuss how taking a closer look into the evolution of key complement components not only made the functional connection between complement and metabolism rather “predictable” but how it may also give clues for the discovery of additional roles for complement in basic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital , London , UK
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK; Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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15
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Li H, Xu W, Ma Y, Zhou S. Separation and purification of the bovine milk fat globule membrane protein and its effect on improvement of C2C12mouse skeletal muscle cell proliferation. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7nj00560a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to improve the proliferation activity of C2C12cells by the bovine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) protein was established in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Weili Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Harbin Institute of Technology
- Harbin 150090
- P. R. China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- School of Life Sciences
- Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology
- University of BedfordshireLuton
- UK
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16
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Matheny RW, Abdalla MN, Geddis AV, Leandry LA, Lynch CM. Skeletal muscle PI3K p110β regulates expression of AMP-activated protein kinase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 482:1420-1426. [PMID: 27965101 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle metabolic homeostasis is maintained through numerous biochemical and physiological processes. Two principal molecular regulators of skeletal muscle metabolism include AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K); however, PI3K exists as multiple isoforms, and specific metabolic actions of each isoform have not yet been fully elucidated in skeletal muscle. Given this lack of knowledge, we performed a series of experiments to define the extent to which PI3K p110β mediated expression and (or) activation of AMPK in skeletal muscle. To determine the effect of p110β inhibition on AMPK expression and phosphorylation in cultured cells, C2C12 myoblasts were treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of p110β (TGX-221), siRNA against p110β, or overexpression of kinase-dead p110β. Expression and phosphorylation of AMPK were unaffected in myoblasts treated with TGX-221 or expressing kinase-dead p110β. However, expressions of total and phosphorylated AMPK at T172 were reduced in myoblasts treated with p110β siRNA. When normalized to expression of total AMPK, phosphorylation of AMPK S485/491 was elevated in p110β-deficient myoblasts. Similar results were observed in tibialis anterior muscle from mice with conditional deletion of p110β (p110β-mKO mice). Analysis of AMPK transcript expression revealed decreased expression of Prkaa2 in p110β-deficient myoblasts and in p110β-mKO muscle. Loss of p110β had no effect on oligomycin-stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK or phosphorylated Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), although oligomycin-induced AMPK and ACC phosphorylation were increased in p110β-deficient myoblasts compared to oligomycin-stimulated control myoblasts when normalized to levels of total AMPK or ACC. Overall, these results suggest that p110β positively regulates expression of AMPK in cultured myoblasts and in skeletal muscle in vivo; moreover, despite the reduced abundance of AMPK in p110β-deficient myoblasts, loss of p110β does not appear to impair AMPK activation following stimulus. These findings thus reveal a novel role for p110β in mediating skeletal muscle metabolic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA.
| | - Mary N Abdalla
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Alyssa V Geddis
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Luis A Leandry
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Christine M Lynch
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 10 General Greene Ave, Building 42, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
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17
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p110α mediates phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase in myoblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:1117-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.12.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Kolev M, Dimeloe S, Le Friec G, Navarini A, Arbore G, Povoleri GA, Fischer M, Belle R, Loeliger J, Develioglu L, Bantug GR, Watson J, Couzi L, Afzali B, Lavender P, Hess C, Kemper C. Complement Regulates Nutrient Influx and Metabolic Reprogramming during Th1 Cell Responses. Immunity 2015; 42:1033-47. [PMID: 26084023 PMCID: PMC4518498 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Revised: 03/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Expansion and acquisition of Th1 cell effector function requires metabolic reprogramming; however, the signals instructing these adaptations remain poorly defined. Here we found that in activated human T cells, autocrine stimulation of the complement receptor CD46, and specifically its intracellular domain CYT-1, was required for induction of the amino acid (AA) transporter LAT1 and enhanced expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1. Furthermore, CD46 activation simultaneously drove expression of LAMTOR5, which mediated assembly of the AA-sensing Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 complex and increased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), required for cytokine production. T cells from CD46-deficient patients, characterized by defective Th1 cell induction, failed to upregulate the molecular components of this metabolic program as well as glycolysis and OXPHOS, but IFN-γ production could be reinstated by retrovirus-mediated CD46-CYT-1 expression. These data establish a critical link between the complement system and immunometabolic adaptations driving human CD4+ T cell effector function. CD46 regulates GLUT1 and LAT1 and enhances glucose and AA uptake in T cells LAMTOR5 mediates Ragulator-Rag-mTORC1 assembly in activated T cells Complement drives glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation critical to Th1 cell induction
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kolev
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Sarah Dimeloe
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gaelle Le Friec
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Alexander Navarini
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, 31 Gloriastrasse, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina Arbore
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Giovanni A Povoleri
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Marco Fischer
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Réka Belle
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Loeliger
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Leyla Develioglu
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Glenn R Bantug
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julie Watson
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Lionel Couzi
- Nephrology Transplantation, CHU Bordeaux, Hospital Pellegrin, CNRS UMR 1564, 146 rue Leo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, France
| | - Behdad Afzali
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Biomedical Research Centre, King's Health Partners, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; Molecular Immunology and Inflammation Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Paul Lavender
- MRC and Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Christoph Hess
- Department of Biomedicine, Immunobiology, University of Basel, 20 Hebelstrasse, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Claudia Kemper
- Division of Transplant Immunology and Mucosal Biology, MRC Centre for Transplantation, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-OH kinase (PI3K) regulates a number of developmental and physiologic processes in skeletal muscle; however, the contributions of individual PI3K p110 catalytic subunits to these processes are not well-defined. To address this question, we investigated the role of the 110-kDa PI3K catalytic subunit β (p110β) in myogenesis and metabolism. In C2C12 cells, pharmacological inhibition of p110β delayed differentiation. We next generated mice with conditional deletion of p110β in skeletal muscle (p110β muscle knockout [p110β-mKO] mice). While young p110β-mKO mice possessed a lower quadriceps mass and exhibited less strength than control littermates, no differences in muscle mass or strength were observed between genotypes in old mice. However, old p110β-mKO mice were less glucose tolerant than old control mice. Overexpression of p110β accelerated differentiation in C2C12 cells and primary human myoblasts through an Akt-dependent mechanism, while expression of kinase-inactive p110β had the opposite effect. p110β overexpression was unable to promote myoblast differentiation under conditions of p110α inhibition, but expression of p110α was able to promote differentiation under conditions of p110β inhibition. These findings reveal a role for p110β during myogenesis and demonstrate that long-term reduction of skeletal muscle p110β impairs whole-body glucose tolerance without affecting skeletal muscle size or strength in old mice.
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20
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Parrales A, López E, Lee-Rivera I, López-Colomé AM. ERK1/2-dependent activation of mTOR/mTORC1/p70S6K regulates thrombin-induced RPE cell proliferation. Cell Signal 2013; 25:829-38. [PMID: 23291002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), proliferation and migration of RPE cells characterize the development of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) and other fibro-proliferative eye diseases leading to blindness. A common event in these pathologies is the alteration of the BRB which allows the interaction of RPE cells with thrombin, a pro-inflammatory protease contained in serum. Thrombin promotion of cytoskeletal reorganization, proliferation, and migration has been reported in different cell types, although the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain poorly understood. Our previous work demonstrated that thrombin promotes RPE cell proliferation, cytoskeletal remodeling and migration, hallmark processes in the development of PVR. Thrombin induction of RPE cell proliferation requires PI3K, PDK1, and Akt/PKB (Akt) signaling leading to cyclin D1 gene expression. Since Akt functions as an upstream activator of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and is also a downstream target for mTORC2, the aim of this work was to determine whether mTOR is involved in thrombin-induced RPE cell proliferation by regulating cyclin D1 expression in immortalized rat RPE-J cell line. Results demonstrate that thrombin-induced cyclin D1 expression and cell proliferation require Akt-independent phosphorylation/activation of mTOR at Ser 2448 mediated by PI3K/PKC-ζ/ERK1/2 signaling, concomitant to Akt-dependent activation of p70S6K carried by mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Parrales
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México, D. F., Mexico
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Lynch CM, Leandry LA, Matheny RW. Lysophosphatidic acid-stimulated phosphorylation of PKD2 is mediated by PI3K p110β and PKCδ in myoblasts. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2012; 33:41-8. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2012.752005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Matheny RW, Lynch CM, Leandry LA. Enhanced Akt phosphorylation and myogenic differentiation in PI3K p110β-deficient myoblasts is mediated by PI3K p110α and mTORC2. Growth Factors 2012; 30:367-84. [PMID: 23137199 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2012.734507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) is a principal regulator of Akt activation and myogenesis; however, the function of PI3K p110β in these processes is not well defined. To address this, we investigated the role of p110β in Akt activation and skeletal muscle cell differentiation. We found that Akt phosphorylation was enhanced in p110β-deficient myoblasts in response to Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I), epidermal growth factor, or p110α overexpression, as compared to p110β-sufficient cells. This effect was associated with increased mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 activation, even in myoblasts deficient in mSin1 and rictor. Conversely, in response to the G-protein-coupled receptor agonist lysophosphatidic acid, Akt phosphorylation was attenuated in p110β-deficient myoblasts. Loss of p110β also enhanced the expression of myogenic markers at the myoblast stage and during the first 48 h of differentiation. These data demonstrate that reductions in p110β are associated with agonist-specific Akt hyperactivation and accelerated myogenesis, thus revealing a negative role for p110β in Akt activation and during myoblast differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald W Matheny
- Military Performance Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, 15 Kansas Street, Building 42, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
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Xiang X, Zhao J, Xu G, Li Y, Zhang W. mTOR and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2011; 43:501-10. [PMID: 21642276 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmr041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), an evolutionarily conserved serine-threonine protein kinase, belongs to the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase family, which contains a lipid kinase-like domain within their C-terminal region. Recent studies have revealed that mTOR as a critical intracellular molecule can sense the extracellular energy status and regulate the cell growth and proliferation in a variety of cells and tissues. This review summarizes our current understanding about the effects of mTOR on cell differentiation and tissue development, with an emphasis on the lineage determination of mesenchymal stem cells. mTOR can promote adipogenesis in white adipocytes, brown adipocytes, and muscle satellite cells, while rapamycin inhibits the adipogenic function of mTOR. mTOR signaling may function to affect osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, however, rapamycin has been reported to either inhibit or promote osteogenesis. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, mTOR is indispensable for myogenesis. Depending on the cell type, rapamycin has been reported to inhibit, promote, or have no effect on myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Wu M, Falasca M, Blough ER. Akt/protein kinase B in skeletal muscle physiology and pathology. J Cell Physiol 2010; 226:29-36. [PMID: 20672327 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The Akt/protein kinase B is critical regulator of cellular homeostasis with diminished Akt activity being associated with dysregulation of cellular metabolism and cell death while Akt over-activation has been linked to inappropriate cell growth and proliferation. Although the regulation of Akt function has been well characterized in vitro, much less is known regarding the function of Akt in vivo. Here we examine how skeletal muscle Akt expression and enzymatic activity are controlled, the role of Akt in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction, stress response glucose utilization, and protein metabolism, and the potential participation of this important molecule in skeletal muscle atrophy, aging, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaozong Wu
- Center for Diagnostic Nanosystems, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 25755-1090, USA
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Feng Y, McDunn JE, Teitelbaum DH. Decreased phospho-Akt signaling in a mouse model of total parenteral nutrition: a potential mechanism for the development of intestinal mucosal atrophy. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2010; 298:G833-41. [PMID: 20299605 PMCID: PMC3774331 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00030.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) leads to a decline in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/phospho-Akt (p-Akt) activity, affecting downstream signaling, reducing epithelial cell (EC) proliferation, and contributing to intestinal mucosal atrophy. We hypothesized that promoting Akt activity would prevent these changes. We used a novel Akt-activating peptide, TCL1 (a head-to-tail dimer of the Akt-binding domain of T-cell lymphoma-1), or an inactive mutant sequence TCL1G conjugated to a transactivator of transcription peptide sequence to promote intracellular uptake. Four groups of mice were studied, enteral nutrition group (control), control mice given a functioning TCL1 (control + TCL1), TPN mice given TCL1G (control peptide, TPN + TCL1G); and TPN mice given TCL1. TPN mice given TCL1G showed a significant decrease in jejunal EC p-Akt (Ser473 and Thr308) abundance, whereas TPN + TCL1 mice showed increased p-Akt (Ser473) abundance. Phosphorylation of beta-catenin and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (downstream targets of Akt signaling) were also decreased in the TPN + TCL1G group and completely prevented in the TPN + TCL1 group. Use of TCL1 nearly completely prevented the decline in EC proliferation seen in the TPN + TCL1G group, as well as partly returned EC apoptosis levels close to controls. The mammalian target of rapamycin pathway demonstrated a similar reduction in activity in the TPN + TCL1G group that was significantly prevented in the TPN + TCL1 group. These results support a significant loss of PI3K/p-Akt signaling upon replacing enteral nutrition with TPN, and prevention of this loss demonstrates the key importance of PI3K/p-Akt signaling in maintaining gut integrity including EC proliferation and reduction in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjia Feng
- 1Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Medical School and the C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
| | - Jonathan E. McDunn
- 2Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel H. Teitelbaum
- 1Section of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, the University of Michigan Medical School and the C. S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan;
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