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Ishizawa M, Takano M, Kittaka A, Matsumoto T, Makishima M. 2α-Substituted Vitamin D Derivatives Effectively Enhance the Osteoblast Differentiation of Dedifferentiated Fat Cells. Biomolecules 2024; 14:706. [PMID: 38927109 PMCID: PMC11202298 DOI: 10.3390/biom14060706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D3, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3], is a principal regulator of calcium homeostasis through activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Previous studies have shown that 2α-(3-hydroxypropyl)-1,25D3 (O1C3) and 2α-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-1,25D3 (O2C3), vitamin D derivatives resistant to inactivation enzymes, can activate VDR, induce leukemic cell differentiation, and increase blood calcium levels in rats more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. In this study, to further investigate the usefulness of 2α-substituted vitamin D derivatives, we examined the effects of O2C3, O1C3, and their derivatives on VDR activity in cells and mouse tissues and on osteoblast differentiation of dedifferentiated fat (DFAT) cells, a cell type with potential therapeutic application in regenerative medicine. In cell culture experiments using kidney-derived HEK293 cells, intestinal mucosa-derived CaCO2 cells, and osteoblast-derived MG63 cells, and in mouse experiments, O2C2, O2C3, O1C3, and O1C4 had a weaker effect than or equivalent effect to 1,25(OH)2D3 in VDR transactivation and induction of the VDR target gene CYP24A1, but they enhanced osteoblast differentiation in DFAT cells equally to or more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. In long-term treatment with the compound without the medium change (7 days), the derivatives enhanced osteoblast differentiation more effectively than 1,25(OH)2D3. O2C3 and O1C3 were more stable than 1,25(OH)2D3 in DFAT cell culture. These results indicate that 2α-substituted vitamin D derivatives, such as inactivation-resistant O2C3 and O1C3, are more effective than 1,25(OH)2D3 in osteoblast differentiation of DFAT cells, suggesting potential roles in regenerative medicine with DFAT cells and other multipotent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyasu Ishizawa
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan;
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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Lee E, Moon JY, Ko JY, Park SY, Im GI. GSTT1 as a Predictive Marker and Enhancer for Osteogenic Potential of Human Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cells. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:1480-1496. [PMID: 37537994 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs) have been extensively studied as cell sources for regenerative medicine for bone because of their excellent proliferative capacity and the ability to obtain a large number of cells with minimal donor morbidity. On the other hand, the differentiation potential of ASCs is generally lower than that of bone marrow-derived stromal/stem cells and varies greatly depending on donors. In this study, we mined a marker that can predict the osteogenic potential of ASC clones and also investigated the usefulness of the molecule as the enhancer of osteogenic differentiation of ASCs as well as its mechanism of action. Through RNA-seq gene analysis, we discovered that GSTT1 (Glutathione S-transferase theta-1) was the most distinguished gene marker between highly osteogenic and poorly osteogenic ASC clones. Knockdown of GSTT1 in high osteogenic ASCs by siGSTT1 treatment reduced mineralized matrix formation. On the other hand, GSTT1 overexpression by GSTT1 transfection or GSTT1 recombinant protein treatment enhanced osteogenic differentiation of low osteogenic ASCs. Metabolomic analysis confirmed significant changes of metabolites related to bone differentiation in ASCs transfected with GSTT1. A high total antioxidant capacity, low levels of cellular reactive oxygen species, and increased GSH/GSSG ratios were also detected in GSTT1-transfected ASCs. When the in vivo effect of GSTT1-transfected ASCs on bone regeneration was investigated with segmental long-bone defect model in rats, bone regeneration was significantly better after implantation of GSTT1-transfected ASCs compared with that of control vector-transfected ASCs. In conclusion, GSTT1 can be a useful marker to screen the highly osteogenic ASC clones and also a therapeutic factor to enhance the osteogenic differentiation of poorly osteogenic ASC clones. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lee
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yeon Moon
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yun Ko
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Il Im
- Research Institute for Integrative Regenerative Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Modulation of the Hedgehog and Notch Signaling Pathways on Osteoblast Differentiation Induced by Titanium with Nanotopography. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14020079. [PMID: 36826878 PMCID: PMC9968096 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The events of bone formation and osteoblast/titanium (Ti) interactions may be affected by Hedgehog and Notch signalling pathways. Herein, we investigated the effects of modulation of these signalling pathways on osteoblast differentiation caused by the nanostructured Ti (Ti-Nano) generated by H2SO4/H2O2. METHODS Osteoblasts from newborn rat calvariae were cultured on Ti-Control and Ti-Nano in the presence of the Hedgehog agonist purmorphamine or antagonist cyclopamine and of the Notch antagonist N-(3,5-Difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) or agonist bexarotene. Osteoblast differentiation was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization, and the expression of Hedgehog and Notch receptors was also evaluated. RESULTS In general, purmorphamine and DAPT increased while cyclopamine and bexarotene decreased osteoblast differentiation and regulated the receptor expression on both Ti surfaces, with more prominent effects on Ti-Nano. The purmorphamine and DAPT combination exhibited synergistic effects on osteoblast differentiation that was more intense on Ti-Nano. CONCLUSION Our results indicated that the Hedgehog and Notch signalling pathways drive osteoblast/Ti interactions more intensely on nanotopography. We also demonstrated that combining Hedgehog activation with Notch inhibition exhibits synergistic effects on osteoblast differentiation, especially on Ti-Nano. The uncovering of these cellular mechanisms contributes to create strategies to control the process of osseointegration based on the development of nanostructured surfaces.
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The effect of hypergravity, hyperbaric pressure, and hypoxia on osteogenic differentiation of adipose stem cells. Tissue Cell 2022; 78:101886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2022.101886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee S, Chae DS, Song BW, Lim S, Kim SW, Kim IK, Hwang KC. ADSC-Based Cell Therapies for Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Review of Recent Clinical Trials. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910586. [PMID: 34638927 PMCID: PMC8508846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently published clinical trials involving the use of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) indicated that approximately one-third of the studies were conducted on musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). MSD refers to a wide range of degenerative conditions of joints, bones, and muscles, and these conditions are the most common causes of chronic disability worldwide, being a major burden to the society. Conventional treatment modalities for MSD are not sufficient to correct the underlying structural abnormalities. Hence, ADSC-based cell therapies are being tested as a form of alternative, yet more effective, therapies in the management of MSDs. Therefore, in this review, MSDs subjected to the ADSC-based therapy were further categorized as arthritis, craniomaxillofacial defects, tendon/ligament related disorders, and spine disorders, and their brief characterization as well as the corresponding conventional therapeutic approaches with possible mechanisms with which ADSCs produce regenerative effects in disease-specific microenvironments were discussed to provide an overview of under which circumstances and on what bases the ADSC-based cell therapy was implemented. Providing an overview of the current status of ADSC-based cell therapy on MSDs can help to develop better and optimized strategies of ADSC-based therapeutics for MSDs as well as help to find novel clinical applications of ADSCs in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seahyoung Lee
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea;
| | - Byeong-Wook Song
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Soyeon Lim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Sang Woo Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Il-Kwon Kim
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Institute for Bio-Medical Convergence, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 210-701, Korea; (S.L.); (B.-W.S.); (S.L.); (S.W.K.)
- Correspondence: (I.-K.K.); (K.-C.H.); Fax: +82-32-290-2774 (K.-C.H.)
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Luo L, Hu DH, Yin JQ, Xu RX. Molecular Mechanisms of Transdifferentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells into Neural Cells: Current Status and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:5630802. [PMID: 30302094 PMCID: PMC6158979 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5630802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases can severely compromise both physical and psychological health. Recently, adult mesenchymal stem cell- (MSC-) based cell transplantation has become a potential therapeutic strategy. However, most studies related to the transdifferentiation of MSCs into neural cells have had disappointing outcomes. Better understanding of the mechanisms underlying MSC transdifferentiation is necessary to make adult stem cells more applicable to treating neurological diseases. Several studies have focused on adipose-derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) transdifferentiation. The purpose of this review is to outline the molecular characterization of ADSCs, to describe the methods for inducing ADSC transdifferentiation, and to examine factors influencing transdifferentiation, including transcription factors, epigenetics, and signaling pathways. Exploring and understanding the mechanisms are a precondition for developing and applying novel cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Luo
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Da-Hai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710032, China
| | - James Q. Yin
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ru-Xiang Xu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Neurosurgery Institute of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
- Bayi Brain Hospital, General Hospital of PLA Army, Beijing 100700, China
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Manokawinchoke J, Nattasit P, Thongngam T, Pavasant P, Tompkins KA, Egusa H, Osathanon T. Indirect immobilized Jagged1 suppresses cell cycle progression and induces odonto/osteogenic differentiation in human dental pulp cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10124. [PMID: 28860516 PMCID: PMC5578993 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10638-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling regulates diverse biological processes in dental pulp tissue. The present study investigated the response of human dental pulp cells (hDPs) to the indirect immobilized Notch ligand Jagged1 in vitro. The indirect immobilized Jagged1 effectively activated Notch signaling in hDPs as confirmed by the upregulation of HES1 and HEY1 expression. Differential gene expression profiling using an RNA sequencing technique revealed that the indirect immobilized Jagged1 upregulated genes were mainly involved in extracellular matrix organization, disease, and signal transduction. Downregulated genes predominantly participated in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Indirect immobilized Jagged1 significantly reduced cell proliferation, colony forming unit ability, and the number of cells in S phase. Jagged1 treated hDPs exhibited significantly higher ALP enzymatic activity, osteogenic marker gene expression, and mineralization compared with control. Pretreatment with a γ-secretase inhibitor attenuated the Jagged1-induced ALP activity and mineral deposition. NOTCH2 shRNA reduced the Jagged1-induced osteogenic marker gene expression, ALP enzymatic activity, and mineral deposition. In conclusion, indirect immobilized Jagged1 suppresses cell cycle progression and induces the odonto/osteogenic differentiation of hDPs via the canonical Notch signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeranan Manokawinchoke
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Praphawi Nattasit
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanutchaporn Thongngam
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Kevin A Tompkins
- Office of Research Affairs, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Hiroshi Egusa
- Division of Molecular and Regenerative Prosthodontics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Thanaphum Osathanon
- Excellence Center in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
- Craniofacial Genetics and Stem Cells Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Regulation of ADSC Osteoinductive Potential Using Notch Pathway Inhibition and Gene Rescue: A Potential On/Off Switch for Clinical Applications in Bone Formation and Reconstructive Efforts. Plast Reconstr Surg 2017; 138:642e-652e. [PMID: 27673535 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000002551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there has been tremendous research in the ability of mesenchymal-derived adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) to form bone, less is known regarding the molecular mechanisms that regulate the osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Notch, which consists of a key family of regulatory ligands involved in bone formation, is expressed in the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell niche and is critical for proliferation, migration, and ultimately osseous differentiation. The authors investigate how Notch impacts ADSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation to determine a translatable application of these cells in bone regeneration. METHODS Enriched ADSC populations were isolated from tissue and examined for their ability to respond to Notch pathway signaling events. Proliferation, viability, extracellular matrix deposition, and osteoinduction were assessed following Notch activation and inhibition. Notch pathway rescue was conducted using a lentiviral vector encoding a downstream Notch-1 intracellular domain (NICD). RESULTS Proliferation, osteogenic induction, and the ability to form bone elements were reduced following Notch inhibition (p < 0.05). However, ADSCs, while in the presence of the Notch inhibition, were able to be rescued following lentiviral transduction with NICD, restoring osteogenic potential at both the molecular and cellular functional levels (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a potential translatable "on/off switch," using endogenous Notch signaling to regulate the proliferation, differentiation, and osteogenic potential of ADSCs. Although Notch inhibition reduced ADSC proliferation and down-regulated osteoinduction, targeted gene therapy and the delivery of the downstream NICD peptide restored bone formation, suggesting pragmatic clinical utility of ADSCs for bone regeneration.
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Bejar MT, Ferrer-Lorente R, Peña E, Badimon L. Inhibition of Notch rescues the angiogenic potential impaired by cardiovascular risk factors in epicardial adipose stem cells. FASEB J 2016; 30:2849-59. [PMID: 27150622 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600204r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is a reservoir of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), with as yet unknown effects on myocardial and coronary arteries homeostasis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the angiogenic function of epicardial ASCs and their regulation by the common cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) affecting heart disease. Epicardial fat was obtained from a rodent model with clustering of CVRFs [Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF)-Lepr(fa)] rats and from their lean control (ZDF-Crl) littermates without CVRFs, ASCs were isolated, and their function was assessed by proliferation and differentiation assays, flow cytometry, gene expression, and in vivo Matrigel angiogenesis analysis. Epicardial ASCs from both groups showed adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation capacity; however, epicardial ASCs from CVRF animals had a lesser ability to form tubular structures in vitro after endothelial differentiation, as well as a reduced angiogenic potential in vivo compared to control animals. Epicardial ASCs from CVRF rats showed up-regulation of the downstream Notch signaling genes Hes7, Hey1, and Heyl compared with control animals. The inhibition of Notch signaling by conditioning epicardial ASCs from CVRF animals with a γ-secretase inhibitor induced a reduction in Hes/Hey gene expression and rescued their angiogenic function in vivo We report for the first time the impact of CVRF burden on the ASCs of EAT and that the defective function is in part caused by increased Notch signaling. Conditioning ASCs by blocking Notch signaling rescues their angiogenic potential.-Bejar, M. T., Ferrer-Lorente, R., Peña, E., Badimon, L. Inhibition of Notch rescues the angiogenic potential impaired by cardiovascular risk factors in epicardial adipose stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa Bejar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas-Institut Català de Ciències Cardiovasculars, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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Tang Z, Wei J, Yu Y, Zhang J, Liu L, Tang W, Long J, Zheng X, Jing W. γ-Secretase inhibitor reverts the Notch signaling attenuation of osteogenic differentiation in aged bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:439-47. [PMID: 26801333 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The age-related changes in cell viability and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) play pivotal roles in the fracture healing process, especially in geriatric individuals. This study was designed to explore the age-related changes in murine BMSCs and the regulation of osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs in vitro. Notch signaling pathway took part in the regulation of osteogensis, while the relationship between Notch and the osteogenic differentiation in aged BMSCs has not been reported yet. BMSCs harvested from the bone marrow of young, adult, and aged C57BL/6 mice were cultured in osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. Histochemical staining results indicated that the osteogenic ability of BMSCs gradually decreased with aging, whereas the adipogenic ability increased. Cell activity assays showed that the proliferative and migrated capacity did not decline with aging significantly. According to real-time PCR and Western blotting results, the aged cells exhibited higher Notch signaling expression level than the younger ones did. After the aged BMSCs being treated with γ-secretase inhibitor, however, Notch activity was changed and the aging-imparied osteogenic ability reverted to a normal level. This study demonstrated that the decreased bone formation capacity in aged BMSCs had relationship with the transdifferentiation between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, which would be regulated by Notch signaling pathway and the attenuated osteogenesis in aged BMSCs could be promoted when the inhibition of Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Junjun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yunbo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaohui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Gutierrez-Monreal MA, Cuevas-Diaz Duran R, Moreno-Cuevas JE, Scott SP. A role for 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin d3 in the expression of circadian genes. J Biol Rhythms 2014; 29:384-8. [PMID: 25231949 DOI: 10.1177/0748730414549239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The active form of vitamin D, 1α,25-(OH)2D3, has been associated with metabolism control, cell growth, differentiation, antiproliferation, apoptosis, and adaptive/innate immune responses, besides its functions in the integrity of bone and calcium homeostasis. The circadian rhythm regulates a variety of biological processes, many of them related to the functions associated with 1α,25-(OH)2D3. In the present study, we determine whether 1α,25-(OH)2D3 alters the expression of circadian genes in adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The effect of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 on the expression of circadian genes BMAL1 and PER2 was measured by qPCR, over a 60-h period every 4 h, in serum shocked ADSCs, serum shocked ADSCs supplemented with 1α,25-(OH)2D3, and ADSCs under the presence of only 1α,25-(OH)2D3. The results showed that 1α,25-(OH)2D3 was able to synchronize circadian clock gene expression in ADSCs. The expression of circadian genes BMAL1 and PER2 in ADSCs that contained only 1α,25-(OH)2D3 has a profile similar to that found in the ADSCs synchronized by a serum shock. The results suggest an important role of 1α,25-(OH)2D3 in the regulation of the molecular clock.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sean-Patrick Scott
- Cátedra de Hematología y Cáncer, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Abstract
Hey bHLH transcription factors are direct targets of canonical Notch signaling. The three mammalian Hey proteins are closely related to Hes proteins and they primarily repress target genes by either directly binding to core promoters or by inhibiting other transcriptional activators. Individual candidate gene approaches and systematic screens identified a number of Hey target genes, which often encode other transcription factors involved in various developmental processes. Here, we review data on interaction partners and target genes and conclude with a model for Hey target gene regulation. Furthermore, we discuss how expression of Hey proteins affects processes like cell fate decisions and differentiation, e.g., in cardiovascular, skeletal, and neural development or oncogenesis and how this relates to the observed developmental defects and phenotypes observed in various knockout mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Weber
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wiese
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Gessler
- Developmental Biochemistry, Theodor-Boveri-Institute/Biocenter, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Mainfranken, Wuerzburg University, Wuerzburg, Germany.
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13
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Grottkau BE, Lin Y. Osteogenesis of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Bone Res 2013; 1:133-45. [PMID: 26273498 DOI: 10.4248/br201302003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current treatment options for skeletal repair, including immobilization, rigid fixation, alloplastic materials and bone grafts, have significant limitations. Bone tissue engineering offers a promising method for the repair of bone deficieny caused by fractures, bone loss and tumors. The use of adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) has received attention because of the self-renewal ability, high proliferative capacity and potential of osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo studies of bone regeneration. Although cell therapies using ASCs are widely promising in various clinical fields, no large human clinical trials exist for bone tissue engineering. The aim of this review is to introduce how they are harvested, examine the characterization of ASCs, to review the mechanisms of osteogenic differentiation, to analyze the effect of mechanical and chemical stimuli on ASC osteodifferentiation, to summarize the current knowledge about usage of ASC in vivo studies and clinical trials, and finally to conclude with a general summary of the field and comments on its future direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Grottkau
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MassGeneral Hospital for Children and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Laboratory for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Notch signalling inhibits the adipogenic differentiation of single-cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell clones isolated from human adipose tissue. Cell Biol Int 2013; 36:1161-70. [PMID: 22974058 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20120288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
ADSCs (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells) are candidate adult stem cells for regenerative medicine. Notch signalling participates in the differentiation of a heterogeneous ADSC population. We have isolated, human adipose tissue-derived single-cell clones using a cloning ring technique and characterized for their stem cell characteristics. The role of Notch signalling in the differentiation capacity of these adipose-derived single-cell-clones has also been investigated. All 14 clones expressed embryonic and mesenchymal stem cell marker genes. These clones could differentiate into both osteogenic and adipogenic lineages. However, the differentiation potential of each clone was different. Low adipogenic clones had significantly higher mRNA expression levels of Notch 2, 3 and 4, Jagged1, as well as Delta1, compared with those of high adipogenic clones. In contrast, no changes in expression of Notch signalling component mRNA between low and high osteogenic clones was found. Notch receptor mRNA expression decreased with the adipogenic differentiation of both low and high adipogenic clones. The γ-secretase inhibitor, DAPT (N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-l-alanyl]-(S)-phenylglycine t-butyl ester), enhanced adipogenic differentiation. Correspondingly, cells seeded on a Notch ligand (Jagged1) bound surface showed lower intracellular lipid accumulation. These results were noted in both low and high adipogenic clones, indicating that Notch signalling inhibited the adipogenic differentiation of adipose ADSC clones, and could be used to identify an adipogenic susceptible subpopulation for soft-tissue augmentation application.
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