1
|
Meng J, Zhang C, Chen X, Cao Y, Shang S. Differential protein expression in the susceptible and resistant Myzus persicae (Sulzer) to imidacloprid. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 115:1-8. [PMID: 25307459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Myzus persicae, a serious economic agricultural pest, has developed resistance to imidacloprid (IMI), which was widely used to control this aphid worldwide. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms of IMI resistance in M. persicae, we carried out a comparative proteomic analysis. Total proteins of the IMI-susceptible and resistant strains were extracted and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. More than 1300 protein spots were reproducibly detected, including 14 that were more abundant and 14 less abundant. Mass spectrometry analysis and database searching helped us to identify 25 differentially abundant proteins. The identified proteins were categorized into several functional groups including signal transduction, RNA processing, protein processing, transport processing, stress response, metabolisms, and cytoskeleton structure, etc. This study is the first analysis of differentially expressed proteins in IMI-susceptible and resistant M. Persicae, and gives new insights into the mechanisms of IMI resistance in M. persicae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- JianYu Meng
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - ChangYu Zhang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - XingJiang Chen
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - Yi Cao
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China
| | - ShengHua Shang
- Guizhou Tobacco Science Research Institute, Guiyang 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chittela RK, Gupta GD, Ballal A. Characterization of a plant (rice) translin and its comparative analysis with human translin. PLANTA 2014; 240:357-368. [PMID: 24863060 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a plant (rice) translin was characterized. The rice translin protein, which was octameric in native state, bound efficiently to single-stranded DNA and RNA. Translin, a DNA-/RNA-binding protein, is expressed in brain, testis and in certain malignancies. It is involved in chromosomal translocation, mRNA metabolism, transcriptional regulation and telomere protection. Studies from human, mice, drosophila and yeast have revealed that it forms an octameric ring, which is important for its function. In spite of the absence of neuronal functions and cancer processes, translin is present in plant systems, but information on plant translin is lacking. Here we report the characterization of a plant (rice) translin. Translin cDNA from O. sativa was cloned into an expression vector; protein was over-expressed in E. coli and subsequently purified to homogeneity. Circular dichroism and homology-based modeling showed that the rice translin protein was similar to the other translin proteins. Native PAGE and gel-filtration analyses showed rice translin to form an octamer and this octameric assembly was independent of disulphide bonds. Rice translin bound to single-stranded DNA sequences like human translin, but not to the double-stranded DNA. Rice translin bound more efficiently to linear DNA (with staggered ends) than open or closed circular DNA. Rice translin also bound to RNA, like its human counterpart. Rice translin displays all the characteristic properties of the translin group of proteins and does indeed qualify as a bonafide "translin" protein. To our knowledge, this is the first report wherein the translin protein from a plant source has been functionally characterized. Understanding the translin biology from plant systems will give the new insights into its functional role during plant development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajani Kant Chittela
- Biomolecular Damage and Repair Section, Molecular Biology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India,
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Maiti AK, Kim-Howard X, Motghare P, Pradhan V, Chua KH, Sun C, Arango-Guerrero MT, Ghosh K, Niewold TB, Harley JB, Anaya JM, Looger LL, Nath SK. Combined protein- and nucleic acid-level effects of rs1143679 (R77H), a lupus-predisposing variant within ITGAM. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:4161-76. [PMID: 24608226 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrin alpha M (ITGAM; CD11b) is a component of the macrophage-1 antigen complex, which mediates leukocyte adhesion, migration and phagocytosis as part of the immune system. We previously identified a missense polymorphism, rs1143679 (R77H), strongly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the molecular mechanisms of this variant are incompletely understood. A meta-analysis of published and novel data on 28 439 individuals with European, African, Hispanic and Asian ancestries reinforces genetic association between rs1143679 and SLE [Pmeta = 3.60 × 10(-90), odds ratio (OR) = 1.76]. Since rs1143679 is in the most active region of chromatin regulation and transcription factor binding in ITGAM, we quantitated ITGAM RNA and surface protein levels in monocytes from patients with each rs1143679 genotype. We observed that transcript levels significantly decreased for the risk allele ('A') relative to the non-risk allele ('G'), in a dose-dependent fashion: ('AA' < 'AG' < 'GG'). CD11b protein levels in patients' monocytes were directly correlated with RNA levels. Strikingly, heterozygous individuals express much lower (average 10- to 15-fold reduction) amounts of the 'A' transcript than 'G' transcript. We found that the non-risk sequence surrounding rs1143679 exhibits transcriptional enhancer activity in vivo and binds to Ku70/80, NFKB1 and EBF1 in vitro, functions that are significantly reduced with the risk allele. Mutant CD11b protein shows significantly reduced binding to fibrinogen and vitronectin, relative to non-risk, both in purified protein and in cellular models. This two-pronged contribution (nucleic acid- and protein-level) of the rs1143679 risk allele to decreasing ITGAM activity provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of its potent association with SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amit K Maiti
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Xana Kim-Howard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Prasenjeet Motghare
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | | | - Kek Heng Chua
- Department of Biomedical Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Celi Sun
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - María Teresa Arango-Guerrero
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Timothy B Niewold
- Division of Rheumatology and Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John B Harley
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Juan-Manual Anaya
- Center for Autoimmune Diseases Research (CREA), School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Loren L Looger
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA, USA
| | - Swapan K Nath
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kleene KC. Connecting cis-elements and trans-factors with mechanisms of developmental regulation of mRNA translation in meiotic and haploid mammalian spermatogenic cells. Reproduction 2013; 146:R1-19. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-12-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
mRNA-specific regulation of translational activity plays major roles in directing the development of meiotic and haploid spermatogenic cells in mammals. Although many RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) have been implicated in normal translational control and sperm development, little is known about the keystone of the mechanisms: the interactions of RBPs and microRNAs withcis-elements in mRNA targets. The problems in connecting factors and elements with translational control originate in the enormous complexity of post-transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells. This creates confusion as to whether factors have direct or indirect and large or small effects on the translation of specific mRNAs. This review argues that gene knockouts, heterologous systems, and overexpression of factors cannot provide convincing answers to these questions. As a result, the mechanisms involving well-studied mRNAs (Ddx4/Mvh,Prm1,Prm2, andSycp3) and factors (DICER1, CPEB1, DAZL, DDX4/MVH, DDX25/GRTH, translin, and ELAV1/HuR) are incompletely understood. By comparison, mutations in elements can be used to define the importance of specific pathways in regulating individual mRNAs. However, few elements have been studied, because the only reliable system to analyze mutations in elements, transgenic mice, is considered impractical. This review describes advances that may facilitate identification of the direct targets of RBPs and analysis of mutations incis-elements. The importance of upstream reading frames in the developmental regulation of mRNA translation in spermatogenic cells is also documented.
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar V, Gupta GD. Low-resolution structure of Drosophila translin. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:37-46. [PMID: 23650579 PMCID: PMC3642112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Crystals of native Drosophila melanogaster translin diffracted to 7 Å resolution. Reductive methylation of the protein improved crystal quality. The native and methylated proteins showed similar profiles in size-exclusion chromatography analyses but the methylated protein displayed reduced DNA-binding activity. Crystals of the methylated protein diffracted to 4.2 Å resolution at BM14 of the ESRF synchrotron. Crystals with 49% solvent content belonged to monoclinic space group P21 with eight protomers in the asymmetric unit. Only 2% of low-resolution structures with similar low percentage solvent content were found in the PDB. The crystal structure, solved by molecular replacement method, refined to R work (R free) of 0.24 (0.29) with excellent stereochemistry. The crystal structure clearly shows that drosophila protein exists as an octamer, and not as a decamer as expected from gel-filtration elution profiles. The similar octameric quaternary fold in translin orthologs and in translin-TRAX complexes suggests an up-down dimer as the basic structural subunit of translin-like proteins. The drosophila oligomer displays asymmetric assembly and increased radius of gyration that accounts for the observed differences between the elution profiles of human and drosophila proteins on gel-filtration columns. This study demonstrates clearly that low-resolution X-ray structure can be useful in understanding complex biological oligomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Kumar
- High Pressure & Synchrotron Radiation Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai 400085, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Identification of nucleic acid binding sites on translin-associated factor X (TRAX) protein. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33035. [PMID: 22427937 PMCID: PMC3299731 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Translin and TRAX proteins play roles in very important cellular processes such as DNA recombination, spatial and temporal expression of mRNA, and in siRNA processing. Translin forms a homomeric nucleic acid binding complex and binds to ssDNA and RNA. However, a mutant translin construct that forms homomeric complex lacking nucleic acid binding activity is able to form fully active heteromeric translin-TRAX complex when co-expressed with TRAX. A substantial progress has been made in identifying translin sites that mediate its binding activity, while TRAX was thought not to bind DNA or RNA on its own. We here for the first time demonstrate nucleic acid binding to TRAX by crosslinking radiolabeled ssDNA to heteromeric translin-TRAX complex using UV-laser. The TRAX and translin, photochemically crosslinked with ssDNA, were individually detected on SDS-PAGE. We mutated two motifs in TRAX and translin, designated B2 and B3, to help define the nucleic acid binding sites in the TRAX sequence. The most pronounced effect was observed in the mutants of B3 motif that impaired nucleic acid binding activity of the heteromeric complexes. We suggest that both translin and TRAX are binding competent and contribute to the nucleic acid binding activity.
Collapse
|
8
|
Multimeric assembly and biochemical characterization of the Trax-translin endonuclease complex. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011; 18:658-64. [PMID: 21552261 PMCID: PMC3109869 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.2069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Trax-translin heteromers, also known as C3PO, have been proposed to activate the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) by facilitating endonucleolytic cleavage of the siRNA passenger strand. We report on the crystal structure of hexameric Drosophila C3PO formed by truncated translin and Trax, along with electron microscopic and mass spectrometric studies on octameric C3PO formed by full-length translin and Trax. Our studies establish that Trax adopts the translin fold, possesses catalytic centers essential for C3PO's endoRNase activity and interacts extensively with translin to form an octameric assembly. The catalytic pockets of Trax subunits are located within the interior chamber of the octameric scaffold. Truncated C3PO, like full-length C3PO, shows endoRNase activity that leaves 3'-hydroxyl-cleaved ends. We have measured the catalytic activity of C3PO and shown it to cleave almost stoichiometric amounts of substrate per second.
Collapse
|