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Sultanov R, Mulyukina A, Zubkova O, Fedoseeva A, Bogomazova A, Klimina K, Larin A, Zatsepin T, Prikazchikova T, Lukina M, Bogomiakova M, Sharova E, Generozov E, Lagarkova M, Arapidi G. TP63-TRIM29 axis regulates enhancer methylation and chromosomal instability in prostate cancer. Epigenetics Chromatin 2024; 17:6. [PMID: 38481282 PMCID: PMC10938740 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-024-00529-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. High variability in DNA methylation and a high rate of large genomic rearrangements are often observed in PRAD. RESULTS To investigate the reasons for such high variance, we integrated DNA methylation, RNA-seq, and copy number alterations datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), focusing on PRAD, and employed weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Our results show that only single cluster of co-expressed genes is associated with genomic and epigenomic instability. Within this cluster, TP63 and TRIM29 are key transcription regulators and are downregulated in PRAD. We discovered that TP63 regulates the level of enhancer methylation in prostate basal epithelial cells. TRIM29 forms a complex with TP63 and together regulates the expression of genes specific to the prostate basal epithelium. In addition, TRIM29 binds DNA repair proteins and prevents the formation of the TMPRSS2:ERG gene fusion typically observed in PRAD. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that TRIM29 and TP63 are important regulators in maintaining the identity of the basal epithelium under physiological conditions. Furthermore, we uncover the role of TRIM29 in PRAD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sultanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Mulyukina
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - O Zubkova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Fedoseeva
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Bogomazova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - K Klimina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Larin
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Zatsepin
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - T Prikazchikova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Lukina
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Bogomiakova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Sharova
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - E Generozov
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - M Lagarkova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - G Arapidi
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Distinct interactors define the p63 transcriptional signature in epithelial development or cancer. Biochem J 2022; 479:1375-1392. [PMID: 35748701 PMCID: PMC9250260 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 is an indispensable transcription factor for development and homeostasis of epithelia and its derived glandular tissue. It is also involved in female germline cell quality control, muscle and thymus development. It is expressed as multiple isoforms transcribed by two independent promoters, in addition to alternative splicing occurring at the mRNA 3′-UTR. Expression of the TP63 gene, specifically the amino-deleted p63 isoform, ΔNp63, is required to regulate numerous biological activities, including lineage specification, self-renewal capacity of epithelial stem cells, proliferation/expansion of basal keratinocytes, differentiation of stratified epithelia. In cancer, ΔNp63 is implicated in squamous cancers pathogenesis of different origin including skin, head and neck and lung and in sustaining self-renewal of cancer stem cells. How this transcription factor can control such a diverse set of biological pathways is central to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms through which p63 acquires oncogenic activity, profoundly changing its down-stream transcriptional signature. Here, we highlight how different proteins interacting with p63 allow it to regulate the transcription of several central genes. The interacting proteins include transcription factors/regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and post-transcriptional modifiers. Moreover, as p63 depends on its interactome, we discuss the hypothesis to target the protein interactors to directly affect p63 oncogenic activities and p63-related diseases.
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Zhong G, Zhao D, Li J, Liu Z, Pan J, Yuan X, Xing W, Zhao Y, Ling S, Li Y. WWP1 Deficiency Alleviates Cardiac Remodeling Induced by Simulated Microgravity. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:739944. [PMID: 34733849 PMCID: PMC8558417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.739944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac muscle is extremely sensitive to changes in loading conditions; the microgravity during space flight can cause cardiac remodeling and function decline. At present, the mechanism of microgravity-induced cardiac remodeling remains to be revealed. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) is an important activator of pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling by stabilizing disheveled segment polarity proteins 2 (DVL2) and activating the calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4)/myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) axis. However, the role of WWP1 in cardiac remodeling induced by microgravity is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether WWP1 was also involved in the regulation of cardiac remodeling caused by microgravity. Firstly, we detected the expression of WWP1 and DVL2 in the heart from mice and monkeys after simulated microgravity using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Secondly, WWP1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were subjected to tail suspension (TS) to simulate microgravity effect. We assessed the cardiac remodeling in morphology and function through a histological analysis and echocardiography. Finally, we detected the phosphorylation levels of CaMKII and HDAC4 in the hearts from WT and WWP1 KO mice after TS. The results revealed the increased expression of WWP1 and DVL2 in the hearts both from mice and monkeys after simulated microgravity. WWP1 deficiency alleviated simulated microgravity-induced cardiac atrophy and function decline. The histological analysis demonstrated WWP1 KO inhibited the decreases in the size of individual cardiomyocytes of mice after tail suspension. WWP1 KO can inhibit the activation of the DVL2/CaMKII/HDAC4 pathway in the hearts of mice induced by simulated microgravity. These results demonstrated WWP1 as a potential therapeutic target for cardiac remodeling and function decline induced by simulated microgravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese PLA General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Pan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yinglong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxian Li
- The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing, China
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Song Y, Song X, Zhang D, Yang Y, Wang L, Song L. An HECT domain ubiquitin ligase CgWWP1 regulates granulocytes proliferation in oyster Crassostrea gigas. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 123:104148. [PMID: 34097916 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of granulocyte proliferation in vertebrate, and E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 has been reported to play an essential role in this process. In the present study, an HECT type E3 ubiquitin ligase (CgWWP1) was identified from oyster Crassostrea gigas, which contained a N-terminal C2 domain, four WW domains, and a C-terminal HECT domain. CgWWP1 was able to bind the activated ubiquitin (Ub) and formed CgWWP1-Ub complex in vitro. The mRNA transcripts of CgWWP1 were expressed in granulocytes, semi-granulocytes and agranulocytes, with the highest expression level in granulocytes. The expressions of potential granulocyte markers CgSOX11 (0.18-fold, p < 0.05) and CgAATase (0.2-fold, p < 0.01) in haemocytes were significantly down-regulated at 24 h after the treatment with Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a WWP1 inhibitor. The proportions of EdU+ granulocytes reduced significantly at 12 h (8.1% ± 1.4%) and 24 h (9.7% ± 2.8%) after I3C treatment, which were significantly lower than that in the sterile seawater treatment (SW) group at 12 h (15.8% ± 4.2%) and 24 h (17.6% ± 0.8%), respectively. Meanwhile, the green EdU signals observed by confocal scanning microscopy in granulocytes of oysters treated by I3C became weaker compared to that in the SW group. These results indicated that CgWWP1 was involved in the regulation of granulocyte proliferation as a ubiquitin-protein ligase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xiaorui Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Dalian Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Linsheng Song
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China; Southern Laboratory of Ocean Science and Engineering (Guangdong, Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519000, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Marine Animal Immunology and Disease Control, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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The emerging role of WWP1 in cancer development and progression. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:163. [PMID: 34226507 PMCID: PMC8257788 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00532-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence demonstrates that WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) participates into carcinogenesis and tumor progression. In this review article, we will describe the association between dysregulated WWP1 expression and clinical features of cancer patients. Moreover, we summarize the both oncogenic and tumor suppressive functions of WWP1 in a variety of human cancers. Furthermore, we briefly describe the downstream substrates of WWP1 and its upstream factors to regulate the expression of WWP1. Notably, targeting WWP1 by its inhibitors or natural compounds is potentially useful for treating human malignancies. Finally, we provide the perspectives regarding WWP1 in cancer development and therapies. We hope this review can stimulate the research to improve our understanding of WWP1-mediated tumorigenesis and accelerate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies via targeting WWP1 expression in cancers.
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Zhao D, Zhong G, Li J, Pan J, Zhao Y, Song H, Sun W, Jin X, Li Y, Du R, Nie J, Liu T, Zheng J, Jia Y, Liu Z, Liu W, Yuan X, Liu Z, Song J, Kan G, Li Y, Liu C, Gao X, Xing W, Chang YZ, Li Y, Ling S. Targeting E3 Ubiquitin Ligase WWP1 Prevents Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Destabilizing DVL2 via Inhibition of K27-Linked Ubiquitination. Circulation 2021; 144:694-711. [PMID: 34139860 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Without adequate treatment, pathological cardiac hypertrophy induced by sustained pressure overload eventually leads to heart failure. WWP1 (WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1) is an important regulator of aging-related pathologies, including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. However, the role of WWP1 in pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling and heart failure is yet to be determined. METHODS To examine the correlation of WWP1 with hypertrophy, we analyzed WWP1 expression in patients with heart failure and mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. TAC surgery was performed on WWP1 knockout mice to assess the role of WWP1 in cardiac hypertrophy, heart function was examined by echocardiography, and related cellular and molecular markers were examined. Mass spectrometry and coimmunoprecipitation assays were conducted to identify the proteins that interacted with WWP1. Pulse-chase assay, ubiquitination assay, reporter gene assay, and an in vivo mouse model via AAV9 (adeno-associated virus serotype 9) were used to explore the mechanisms by which WWP1 regulates cardiac remodeling. AAV9 carrying cardiac troponin T (cTnT) promoter-driven small hairpin RNA targeting WWP1 (AAV9-cTnT-shWWP1) was administered to investigate its rescue role in TAC-induced cardiac dysfunction. RESULTS The WWP1 level was significantly increased in the hypertrophic hearts from patients with heart failure and mice subjected to TAC. The results of echocardiography and histology demonstrated that WWP1 knockout protected the heart from TAC-induced hypertrophy. There was a direct interaction between WWP1 and DVL2 (disheveled segment polarity protein 2). DVL2 was stabilized by WWP1-mediated K27-linked polyubiquitination. The role of WWP1 in pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy was mediated by the DVL2/CaMKII/HDAC4/MEF2C signaling pathway. Therapeutic targeting WWP1 almost abolished TAC induced heart dysfunction, suggesting WWP1 as a potential target for treating cardiac hypertrophy and failure. CONCLUSIONS We identified WWP1 as a key therapeutic target for pressure overload induced cardiac remodeling. We also found a novel mechanism regulated by WWP1. WWP1 promotes atypical K27-linked ubiquitin multichain assembly on DVL2 and exacerbates cardiac hypertrophy by the DVL2/CaMKII/HDAC4/MEF2C pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingsheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Guohui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.).,The Key Laboratory of Aerospace Medicine, Ministry of Education, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China (G.Z.)
| | - Jianwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Junjie Pan
- Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (J.P.)
| | - Yinlong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China (Y.Z., H.S., Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Hailin Song
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China (Y.Z., H.S., Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Weijia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Yuheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Ruikai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Jielin Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Cardiology (T.L., W.L.), Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Junmeng Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China (J.Z.)
| | - Yixin Jia
- Heart Transplantation and Valve Surgery Center (Y.J.), Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Zifan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital & Chinese PLA Medical School, Beijing (Z.L.)
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Cardiology (T.L., W.L.), Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China
| | - Xinxin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Zizhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Jinping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Guanghan Kan
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Youyou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Caizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Xingcheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Wenjuan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China (Y.Z., H.S., Y.-Z.C.)
| | - Yingxian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
| | - Shukuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Space Medicine Fundamentals and Application, China Astronaut Research and Training Center, Beijing (D.Z., G.Z., J.L., W.S., X.J., Yuheng Li, R.D., J.N., X.Y., Zizhong Liu, J.S., G.K., Youyou Li, C.L., X.G., W.X., Yingxian Li, S.L.)
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Mathieu NA, Levin RH, Spratt DE. Exploring the Roles of HERC2 and the NEDD4L HECT E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Subfamily in p53 Signaling and the DNA Damage Response. Front Oncol 2021; 11:659049. [PMID: 33869064 PMCID: PMC8044464 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.659049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular homeostasis is governed by the precise expression of genes that control the translation, localization, and termination of proteins. Oftentimes, environmental and biological factors can introduce mutations into the genetic framework of cells during their growth and division, and these genetic abnormalities can result in malignant transformations caused by protein malfunction. For example, p53 is a prominent tumor suppressor protein that is capable of undergoing more than 300 posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and is involved with controlling apoptotic signaling, transcription, and the DNA damage response (DDR). In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms and interactions that occur between p53, the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligases WWP1, SMURF1, HECW1 and HERC2, and other oncogenic proteins in the cell to explore how irregular HECT-p53 interactions can induce tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Mathieu
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Rafael H Levin
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Donald E Spratt
- Gustaf H. Carlson School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Clark University, Worcester, MA, United States
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Niu M, He Y, Xu J, Ding L, He T, Yi Y, Fu M, Guo R, Li F, Chen H, Chen YG, Xiao ZXJ. Noncanonical TGF-β signaling leads to FBXO3-mediated degradation of ΔNp63α promoting breast cancer metastasis and poor clinical prognosis. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001113. [PMID: 33626035 PMCID: PMC7939357 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in promoting epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell migration, invasion, and tumor metastasis. ΔNp63α, the major isoform of p63 protein expressed in epithelial cells, is a key transcriptional regulator of cell adhesion program and functions as a critical metastasis suppressor. It has been documented that the expression of ΔNp63α is tightly controlled by oncogenic signaling and is frequently reduced in advanced cancers. However, whether TGF-β signaling regulates ΔNp63α expression in promoting metastasis is largely unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that activation of TGF-β signaling leads to stabilization of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXO3, which, in turn, targets ΔNp63α for proteasomal degradation in a Smad-independent but Erk-dependent manner. Knockdown of FBXO3 or restoration of ΔNp63α expression effectively rescues TGF-β-induced EMT, cell motility, and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, clinical analyses reveal a significant correlation among TGF-β receptor I (TβRI), FBXO3, and p63 protein expression and that high expression of TβRI/FBXO3 and low expression of p63 are associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS). Together, these results demonstrate that FBXO3 facilitates ΔNp63α degradation to empower TGF-β signaling in promoting tumor metastasis and that the TβRI-FBXO3-ΔNp63α axis is critically important in breast cancer development and clinical prognosis. This study suggests that FBXO3 may be a potential therapeutic target for advanced breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Niu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajun He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liangping Ding
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Yi
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyuan Fu
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rongtian Guo
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengtian Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ye-Guang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Jim Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Distinct p63 and p73 Protein Interactions Predict Specific Functions in mRNA Splicing and Polyploidy Control in Epithelia. Cells 2020; 10:cells10010025. [PMID: 33375680 PMCID: PMC7824480 DOI: 10.3390/cells10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial organs are the first barrier against microorganisms and genotoxic stress, in which the p53 family members p63 and p73 have both overlapping and distinct functions. Intriguingly, p73 displays a very specific localization to basal epithelial cells in human tissues, while p63 is expressed in both basal and differentiated cells. Here, we analyse systematically the literature describing p63 and p73 protein-protein interactions to reveal distinct functions underlying the aforementioned distribution. We have found that p73 and p63 cooperate in the genome stability surveillance in proliferating cells; p73 specific interactors contribute to the transcriptional repression, anaphase promoting complex and spindle assembly checkpoint, whereas p63 specific interactors play roles in the regulation of mRNA processing and splicing in both proliferating and differentiated cells. Our analysis reveals the diversification of the RNA and DNA specific functions within the p53 family.
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10
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Prieto‐Garcia C, Hartmann O, Reissland M, Braun F, Fischer T, Walz S, Schülein‐Völk C, Eilers U, Ade CP, Calzado MA, Orian A, Maric HM, Münch C, Rosenfeldt M, Eilers M, Diefenbacher ME. Maintaining protein stability of ∆Np63 via USP28 is required by squamous cancer cells. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11101. [PMID: 32128997 PMCID: PMC7136964 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor ∆Np63 is a master regulator of epithelial cell identity and essential for the survival of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of lung, head and neck, oesophagus, cervix and skin. Here, we report that the deubiquitylase USP28 stabilizes ∆Np63 and maintains elevated ∆NP63 levels in SCC by counteracting its proteasome-mediated degradation. Impaired USP28 activity, either genetically or pharmacologically, abrogates the transcriptional identity and suppresses growth and survival of human SCC cells. CRISPR/Cas9-engineered in vivo mouse models establish that endogenous USP28 is strictly required for both induction and maintenance of lung SCC. Our data strongly suggest that targeting ∆Np63 abundance via inhibition of USP28 is a promising strategy for the treatment of SCC tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Prieto‐Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Oliver Hartmann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Michaela Reissland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
| | - Thomas Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Department for RadiotherapyUniversity Hospital WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Susanne Walz
- Core Unit BioinformaticsComprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | | | - Ursula Eilers
- Core Unit High‐Content MicroscopyBiocenterUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Carsten P Ade
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)CórdobaSpain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e InmunologíaUniversidad de CórdobaCórdobaSpain
- Hospital Universitario Reina SofíaCórdobaSpain
| | - Amir Orian
- Faculty of MedicineTICCTechnion HaifaIsrael
| | - Hans M Maric
- Rudolf‐Virchow‐Center for Experimental BiomedicineWürzburgGermany
| | - Christian Münch
- Institute of Biochemistry IIGoethe UniversityFrankfurtGermany
| | - Mathias Rosenfeldt
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
- Institute for PathologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Martin Eilers
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
| | - Markus E Diefenbacher
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyProtein Stability and Cancer GroupUniversity of WürzburgWürzburgGermany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre MainfrankenWürzburgGermany
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11
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Bang S, Kaur S, Kurokawa M. Regulation of the p53 Family Proteins by the Ubiquitin Proteasomal Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:E261. [PMID: 31905981 PMCID: PMC6981958 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 and its homologues, p63 and p73, play a pivotal role in the regulation of the DNA damage response, cellular homeostasis, development, aging, and metabolism. A number of mouse studies have shown that a genetic defect in the p53 family could lead to spontaneous tumor development, embryonic lethality, or severe tissue abnormality, indicating that the activity of the p53 family must be tightly regulated to maintain normal cellular functions. While the p53 family members are regulated at the level of gene expression as well as post-translational modification, they are also controlled at the level of protein stability through the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway. Over the last 20 years, many ubiquitin E3 ligases have been discovered that directly promote protein degradation of p53, p63, and p73 in vitro and in vivo. Here, we provide an overview of such E3 ligases and discuss their roles and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manabu Kurokawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA; (S.B.); (S.K.)
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12
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Bernassola F, Chillemi G, Melino G. HECT-Type E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Cancer. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:1057-1075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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13
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Gatti V, Fierro C, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. ΔNp63 in squamous cell carcinoma: defining the oncogenic routes affecting epigenetic landscape and tumour microenvironment. Mol Oncol 2019; 13:981-1001. [PMID: 30845357 PMCID: PMC6487733 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a treatment‐refractory tumour which arises from the epithelium of diverse anatomical sites such as oesophagus, head and neck, lung and skin. Accumulating evidence has revealed a number of genomic, clinical and molecular features commonly observed in SCC of distinct origins. Some of these genetic events culminate in fostering the activity of ΔNp63, a potent oncogene which exerts its pro‐tumourigenic effects by regulating specific transcriptional programmes to sustain malignant cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we will describe the genetic and epigenetic determinants underlying ΔNp63 oncogenic activities in SCC, and discuss some relevant transcriptional effectors of ΔNp63, emphasizing their impact in modulating the crosstalk between tumour cells and tumour microenvironment (TME).
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy
| | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, TOR, University of Rome, Tor Vergata, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Translational Pharmacology, Rome, Italy
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14
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Gatti V, Fierro C, Compagnone M, Giangrazi F, Markert EK, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. ΔNp63 regulates the expression of hyaluronic acid-related genes in breast cancer cells. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:65. [PMID: 30139970 PMCID: PMC6107578 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0073-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) represent the most aggressive and clinically relevant breast carcinomas. On the basis of specific molecular signature, the majority of TNBC can be classified as basal-like breast carcinoma. Here, we report data showing that in basal-like breast carcinoma cells ΔNp63 is capable of sustaining the production of the hyaluronic acid (HA), one of the major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). At molecular level, we found that ΔNp63 regulates the expression of HA-related genes, such as the HA synthase HAS3, the hyaluronidase HYAL-1 and CD44, the major HA cell membrane receptor. By controlling this pathway, ∆Np63 contributes to maintain the self-renewal of breast cancer stem cells. Importantly, high HAS3 expression is a negative prognostic factor of TNBC patients. Our data suggest that in basal-type breast carcinoma ∆Np63 might favor a HA-rich microenviroment, which can sustain tumor proliferation and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Gatti
- National Research Council of Italy, (CNR), Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Fierro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Piazza S. Onofrio 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Giangrazi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy.,Molecular Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics, The Smurfit Institute, Trinity College, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Elke Katrin Markert
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | - Lucilla Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Lancaster Road, P.O. Box 138, Leicester, LE1 9HN, UK.
| | - Angelo Peschiaroli
- National Research Council of Italy, (CNR), Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, 00133, Italy.
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15
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He H, Peng Y, Fan S, Chen Y, Zheng X, Li C. Cullin3/KCTD5 induces monoubiquitination of ΔNp63α and impairs its activity. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:2334-2340. [PMID: 29782646 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 5 (KCTD5) was previously documented as a component of the Cullin3-RING ligase (CRL3). It has been reported that KCTD5 can induce enrichment of polyubiquitinated proteins, and KCTD5-based CRL3 destabilizes several proteins. In our present study, we report that KCTD5 may physically interact with ΔNp63α, which is a member of the p53 family. Our further investigation revealed that Cullin3/KCTD5 can induce monoubiquitination of ΔNp63α. Cullin3/KCTD5 downregulates the DNA-binding affinity of ΔNp63α, impairing either its transactivity or its transinhibitory activity. Functionally, Cullin3/KCTD5 abates the proproliferation activity of ΔNp63α. These findings suggest that KCTD5-based CRL3 may mediate monoubiquitination and is a novel regulator of ΔNp63α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbing He
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yougong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yonglong Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zheng
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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16
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Ranieri M, Vivo M, De Simone M, Guerrini L, Pollice A, La Mantia G, Calabrò V. Sumoylation and ubiquitylation crosstalk in the control of ΔNp63α protein stability. Gene 2017; 645:34-40. [PMID: 29246538 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63α is finely and strictly regulated during embryogenesis and differentiation. ΔNp63α is the only p63 isoform degraded by the proteasome after Ubiquitin and SUMO (Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier) conjugation. Here, we show that p63 ubiquitylation per se is not the signal triggering p63 proteasomal degradation. Taking advantage of natural ΔNp63α mutants isolated by patients with Split Hand and Foot Malformation IV syndrome, we found that SUMO and Ub modifications are not redundant and both are required to guarantee efficient ΔNp63α degradation. Here, we present evidence that sumoylation and ubiquitylation of ΔNp63α are strongly intertwined, and none of the two can efficiently occur if the other is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ranieri
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology Albert Einstein College of Medicine, United States
| | - Maria Vivo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy.
| | | | | | - Alessandra Pollice
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
| | - Viola Calabrò
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Italy
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17
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The E3 ubiquitin ligase WWP1 sustains the growth of acute myeloid leukaemia. Leukemia 2017; 32:911-919. [PMID: 29209041 PMCID: PMC5886071 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2017.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) WWP1 is an oncogenic factor implicated in the maintenance of different types of epithelial cancers. The role of WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) in haematological neoplasms remains unknown. Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is characterized by the expansion of malignant myeloid cells blocked at different stages of differentiation. Here we report that the expression of WWP1 is significantly augmented in a large cohort of primary AML patients and in AML cell lines, compared with haematopoietic cells from healthy donors. We show that WWP1 inactivation severely impairs the growth of primary AML blasts and cell lines in vitro. In vivo, we observed a reduced leukaemogenic potential of WWP1-depleted AML cells upon transplantation into immunocompromised mice. Mechanistically, WWP1 inactivation induces the accumulation of its protein substrate p27Kip1, which ultimately contributes to G0/G1 cell cycle arrest of AML blasts. In addition, WWP1 depletion triggers the autophagy signalling and reduces survival of leukaemic cells. Collectively, our findings provide molecular insights into the anti-cancer potential of WWP1 inhibition, suggesting that this E3 is a promising biomarker and druggable target in AML.
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18
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French ME, Klosowiak JL, Aslanian A, Reed SI, Yates JR, Hunter T. Mechanism of ubiquitin chain synthesis employed by a HECT domain ubiquitin ligase. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:10398-10413. [PMID: 28461335 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.789479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Homologous to E6AP C-terminal (HECT) ubiquitin (Ub) ligases (E3s) are a large class of enzymes that bind to their substrates and catalyze ubiquitination through the formation of a Ub thioester intermediate. The mechanisms by which these E3s assemble polyubiquitin chains on their substrates remain poorly defined. We report here that the Nedd4 family HECT E3, WWP1, assembles substrate-linked Ub chains containing Lys-63, Lys-48, and Lys-11 linkages (Lys-63 > Lys-48 > Lys-11). Our results demonstrate that WWP1 catalyzes the formation of Ub chains through a sequential addition mechanism, in which Ub monomers are transferred in a successive fashion to the substrate, and that ubiquitination by WWP1 requires the presence of a low-affinity, noncovalent Ub-binding site within the HECT domain. Unexpectedly, we find that the formation of Ub chains by WWP1 occurs in two distinct phases. In the first phase, chains are synthesized in a unidirectional manner and are linked exclusively through Lys-63 of Ub. In the second phase, chains are elongated in a multidirectional fashion characterized by the formation of mixed Ub linkages and branched structures. Our results provide new insight into the mechanism of Ub chain formation employed by Nedd4 family HECT E3s and suggest a framework for understanding how this family of E3s generates Ub signals that function in proteasome-independent and proteasome-dependent pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E French
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.,the Departments of Cell and Molecular Biology and
| | - Julian L Klosowiak
- the Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60611
| | - Aaron Aslanian
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037.,Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | | | - John R Yates
- Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, and
| | - Tony Hunter
- From the Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037,
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19
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DNA damage induces expression of WWP1 to target ΔNp63α to degradation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176142. [PMID: 28426804 PMCID: PMC5398614 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
ΔNp63αplays key roles in cell survival and proliferation. So its expression is always tightly controlled in cells. We previously reported that DNA damage down-regulates transcription of ΔNp63αin FaDu and HaCat cells, which contributes to cell apoptosis. In the present study, we found that DNA damage induces down-regulation of ΔNp63αvia facilitating its proteasomal degradation in cell lines such as MDA-MB-231 and MCF10A. Further investigation revealed that transcription of WWP1 is stimulated by DNA damage in these cells. Knock-down of WWP1 abrogates DNA damage-induced down-regulation of ΔNp63αand partially rescues cell apoptosis. Interestingly, DNA damage may stimulate WWP1 through different mechanisms in different cell types: it up-regulates transcription of WWP1 in a p53-dependent manner in MCF10A and HEK293 cells, while miR-452 may be involved in DNA damage-induced up-regulation of WWP1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Our study demonstrates a novel pathway which regulates ΔNp63αupon cellular response to chemotherapeutic agents.
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20
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Overexpression of WWP1 promotes tumorigenesis and predicts unfavorable prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:40920-33. [PMID: 26506518 PMCID: PMC4747378 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) has been speculated to play important roles in the development of several kinds of cancers. However, the role of WWP1 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is not clear. In the present study, we investigated the expression and prognostic role of WWP1 in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using cell lines and 149 archived HCC samples. Correlation between the functions of WWP1 in HCC was also explored. We used human HCC cell lines (BEL-7402, SMMC-7721, Hep-G2, Hep-3B, SK-hep1 and Huh7) and a normal hepatocyte cell line (LO2) along with HCC samples from patients who had undergone resection for HCC previously at our hospital. A battery of methods (real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction; western blotting; immunohistochemical analyses; cell proliferation and colony formation assays; cell migration and cell invasion assays) were employed to assess various aspects of WWP1. We found that WWP1 expression was upregulated aberrantly at mRNA and protein levels in human primary HCC tissues. Amplified expression of WWP1 was highly correlated with poor outcome. Silencing of WWP1 expression by siRNA inhibited the proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of HCC cells in vitro, and resulted in significant apoptosis and cycle arrest in HCC cells. Our findings suggest that WWP1 might have an oncogenic role in human primary HCC, and that it could be used as a prognostic marker as well as a potential molecular target for the treatment of HCC.
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21
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Bongiorno-Borbone L, Giacobbe A, Compagnone M, Eramo A, De Maria R, Peschiaroli A, Melino G. Anti-tumoral effect of desmethylclomipramine in lung cancer stem cells. Oncotarget 2016. [PMID: 26219257 PMCID: PMC4627282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most feared of all cancers because of its heterogeneity and resistance to available treatments. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the cell population responsible for lung cancer chemoresistance and are a very good model for testing new targeted therapies. Clomipramine is an FDA-approved antidepressant drug, able to inhibit in vitro the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch and potentiate the pro-apoptotic effects of DNA damaging induced agents in several cancer cell lines. Here, we investigated the potential therapeutic effect of desmethylclomipramine (DCMI), the active metabolite of Clomipramine, on the CSCs homeostasis. We show that DCMI inhibits lung CSCs growth, decreases their stemness potential and increases the cytotoxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs. Being DCMI an inhibitor of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, we also verified the effect of Itch deregulation on CSCs survival. We found that the siRNA-mediated depletion of Itch induces similar anti-proliferative effects on lung CSCs, suggesting that DCMI might exert its effect, at least in part, by inhibiting Itch. Notably, Itch expression is a negative prognostic factor in two primary lung tumors datasets, supporting the potential clinical relevance of Itch inhibition to circumvent drug resistance in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucilla Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Mirco Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy
| | - Adriana Eramo
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier, Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Hodgkin Building, Leicester University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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22
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Melino S, Bellomaria A, Nepravishta R, Paci M, Melino G. p63 threonine phosphorylation signals the interaction with the WW domain of the E3 ligase Itch. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3207-17. [PMID: 25485500 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.951285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in epithelial development as well as in epithelial cancers, the p53 family member p63 plays a crucial role acting as a master transcriptional regulator. P63 steady state protein levels are regulated by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Itch, via a physical interaction between the PPxY consensus sequence (PY motif) of p63 and one of the 4 WW domains of Itch; this substrate recognition process leads to protein-ubiquitylation and p63 proteasomal degradation. The interaction of the WW domains, a highly compact protein-protein binding module, with the short proline-rich sequences is therefore a crucial regulatory event that may offer innovative potential therapeutic opportunity. Previous molecular studies on the Itch-p63 recognition have been performed in vitro using the Itch-WW2 domain and the peptide interacting fragment of p63 (pep63), which includes the PY motif. Itch-WW2-pep63 interaction is also stabilized in vitro by the conformational constriction of the S-S cyclization in the p63 peptide. The PY motif of p63, as also for other proteins, is characterized by the nearby presence of a (T/S)P motif, which is a potential recognition site of the WW domain of the IV group present in the prolyl-isomerase Pin1. In this study, we demonstrate, by in silico and spectroscopical studies using both the linear pep63 and its cyclic form, that the threonine phosphorylation of the (T/S)PPPxY motif may represent a crucial regulatory event of the Itch-mediated p63 ubiquitylation, increasing the Itch-WW domains-p63 recognition event and stabilizing in vivo the Itch-WW-p63 complex. Moreover, our studies confirm that the subsequently trans/cis proline isomerization of (T/S)P motif by the Pin1 prolyl-isomerase, could modulate the E3-ligase interaction, and that the (T/S)pPtransPPxY motif represent the best conformer for the ItchWW-(T/S)PPPxY motif recognition.
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Key Words
- CXCR4, chemokine receptor
- E3 ubiquitin ligases
- HECT, Homologous E6-AP Carboxyl Terminus
- IPTG, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside
- Itch
- Pin1
- Ppep63, phosphorylated pep63
- RHS, Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome
- RP-HPLC, reverse phase high performance chromatography
- TFE, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroethanol
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TRAF6, TNF receptor-associated factor 6
- cPpep63, cyclic phosphorylated pep63
- p53 family
- p63
- pep63, p63(534–551) peptide
- proline isomerization
- ubiquitynation
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Melino
- a Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche ; University of Rome "Tor Vergata" ; Rome , Italy
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23
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Zou X, Levy-Cohen G, Blank M. Molecular functions of NEDD4 E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:91-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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24
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Courivaud T, Ferrand N, Elkhattouti A, Kumar S, Levy L, Ferrigno O, Atfi A, Prunier C. Functional Characterization of a WWP1/Tiul1 Tumor-derived Mutant Reveals a Paradigm of Its Constitutive Activation in Human Cancer. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:21007-21018. [PMID: 26152726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.642314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although E3 ubiquitin ligases are deemed to play key roles in normal cell function and homeostasis, whether their alterations contribute to cancer pathogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we sought to investigate potential mechanisms that govern WWP1/Tiul1 (WWP1) ubiquitin ligase activity, focusing on its ability to trigger degradation of TGFβ type I receptor (TβRI) in conjunction with Smad7. Our data reveal that the WWP1 protein is very stable at steady states because its autopolyubiquitination activity is silenced due to an intra-interaction between the C2 and/or WW and Hect domains that favors WWP1 monoubiquitination at the expense of its polyubiquitination or polyubiquitination of TβRI. Upon binding of WWP1 to Smad7, this functional interplay is disabled, switching its monoubiquitination activity toward a polyubiquitination activity, thereby driving its own degradation and that of TβRI as well. Intriguingly, a WWP1 point mutation found in human prostate cancer disrupts this regulatory mechanism by relieving the inhibitory effects of C2 and WW on Hect and thereby causing WWP1 hyperactivation. That cancer-driven alteration of WWP1 culminates in excessive TβRI degradation and attenuated TGFβ cytostatic signaling, a consequence that could conceivably confer tumorigenic properties to WWP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Courivaud
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France
| | - Abdelouahid Elkhattouti
- Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Laurence Levy
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France
| | - Olivier Ferrigno
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France
| | - Azeddine Atfi
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France; Cancer Institute and Department of Biochemistry, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi 39216
| | - Céline Prunier
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Paris 06, Paris 75005, France; INSERM UMR S 938, Laboratory of Cell Signaling and Carcinogenesis, Paris 75012, France.
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25
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Giacobbe A, Compagnone M, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Antonov A, Markert EK, Zhou JH, Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. p63 controls cell migration and invasion by transcriptional regulation of MTSS1. Oncogene 2015; 35:1602-8. [PMID: 26119942 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is a multistep cell-biological process, which is orchestrated by many factors, including metastasis activators and suppressors. Metastasis Suppressor 1 (MTSS1) was originally identified as a metastasis suppressor protein whose expression is lost in metastatic bladder and prostate carcinomas. However, recent findings indicate that MTSS1 acts as oncogene and pro-migratory factor in melanoma tumors. Here, we identify and characterized a molecular mechanism controlling MTSS1 expression, which impinges on a pro-tumorigenic role of MTSS1 in breast tumors. We found that in normal and in cancer cell lines ΔNp63 is able to drive the expression of MTSS1 by binding to a p63-binding responsive element localized in the MTSS1 locus. We reported that ΔNp63 is able to drive the migration of breast tumor cells by inducing the expression of MTSS1. Notably, in three human breast tumors data sets the MTSS1/p63 co-expression is a negative prognostic factor on patient survival, suggesting that the MTSS1/p63 axis might be functionally important to regulate breast tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - M Compagnone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - L Bongiorno-Borbone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - A Antonov
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - E K Markert
- The Simons Center for Systems Biology, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - J H Zhou
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - M Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli
- Biochemistry Laboratory IDI-IRCCS c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy
| | - G Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', Rome, Italy.,Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - A Peschiaroli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology (IBCN), CNR, Rome, Italy
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26
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Landré V, Rotblat B, Melino S, Bernassola F, Melino G. Screening for E3-ubiquitin ligase inhibitors: challenges and opportunities. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7988-8013. [PMID: 25237759 PMCID: PMC4226663 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) plays a role in the regulation of most cellular pathways, and its deregulation has been implicated in a wide range of human pathologies that include cancer, neurodegenerative and immunological disorders and viral infections. Targeting the UPS by small molecular regulators thus provides an opportunity for the development of therapeutics for the treatment of several diseases. The proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib was approved for treatment of hematologic malignancies by the FDA in 2003, becoming the first drug targeting the ubiquitin proteasome system in the clinic. Development of drugs targeting specific components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, however, has lagged behind, mainly due to the complexity of the ubiquitination reaction and its outcomes. However, significant advances have been made in recent years in understanding the molecular nature of the ubiquitination system and the vast variety of cellular signals that it produces. Additionally, improvement of screening methods, both in vitro and in silico, have led to the discovery of a number of compounds targeting components of the ubiquitin proteasome system, and some of these have now entered clinical trials. Here, we discuss the current state of drug discovery targeting E3 ligases and the opportunities and challenges that it provides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Landré
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Barak Rotblat
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Sonia Melino
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernassola
- Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Gerry Melino
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester, UK. Biochemistry Laboratory, IDI-IRCCS, c/o Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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27
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WWP1 as a potential tumor oncogene regulates PTEN-Akt signaling pathway in human gastric carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:787-98. [PMID: 25293520 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2696-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whelming evidence has demonstrated that WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) participates in a wide variety of biological processes and is tightly related to the initiation and progression of many tumors. Currently, although mounting evidence supports a role of WWP1 in tumor promotion and tumorigenesis, the potential roles of WWP1 and its biological functions in gastric carcinoma are not fully understood. Here, we found that WWP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were highly expressed in gastric carcinoma tissues and cells. High WWP1 mRNA and protein levels were tightly related to differentiation status, TNM stage, invasive depth, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in gastric carcinoma. Furthermore, WWP1 siRNA significantly decreased WWP1 protein level in MKN-45 and AGS cells; meanwhile, WWP1 depletion markedly inhibited tumor proliferation in vitro and in vivo, arrested cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis in MKN-45 and AGS cells. Most notably, WWP1 downregulation both inactivated PTEN-Akt signaling pathway in MKN-45 and AGS cells. Taken altogether, our findings suggest that WWP1 acts as an oncogenic factor and should be considered as a novel interfering molecular target for gastric carcinoma.
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28
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Knockdown of WWP1 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in hepatoma carcinoma cells through the activation of caspase3 and p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 448:248-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.04.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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A Krüppel-like factor downstream of the E3 ligase WWP-1 mediates dietary-restriction-induced longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3772. [PMID: 24805825 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The HECT ubiquitin E3 ligase WWP-1 is a positive regulator of lifespan in response to dietary restriction (DR) in Caenorhabditis elegans. However, substrates of WWP-1 for ubiquitylation in the DR pathway have not yet been identified. Here we identify the C. elegans Krüppel-like factor, KLF-1, as an essential and specific regulator of DR-induced longevity and a substrate for ubiquitylation by WWP-1. Knockdown of klf-1 suppresses the extended lifespan of both DR animals and wwp-1-overexpressing animals, indicating that KLF-1 functions within the same pathway as WWP-1. In addition, overexpression of klf-1 in the intestine is sufficient to extend the lifespan of WT animals on an ad libitum diet, and requires wwp-1 or pha-4/FoxA. We demonstrate that WWP-1 directly interacts with KLF-1 and mediates multiple monoubiquitylation of KLF-1 in vitro and in cellulo. Our data support a model in which modulation of KLF-1 by WWP-1 regulates diet-restriction-induced longevity.
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30
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Candi E, Agostini M, Melino G, Bernassola F. How the TP53 family proteins TP63 and TP73 contribute to tumorigenesis: regulators and effectors. Hum Mutat 2014; 35:702-14. [PMID: 24488880 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the p53 family comprises two additional members, p63 and p73 (hereafter referred to as TP53, TP63, and TP73, respectively). The usage of two alternative promoters produces protein variants either with (transactivating [TA] isoforms) or without (ΔN isoforms) the N-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). In general, the TA proteins exert TP53-like tumor-suppressive activities through their ability to activate a common set of target genes. The ΔN proteins can act as dominant-negative inhibitors of the transcriptionally active family members. Additionally, they possess intrinsic-specific biological activities due to the presence of alternative TADs, and as a result of engaging a different set of regulators. This review summarizes the current understanding of upstream regulators and downstream effectors of the TP53 family proteins, with particular emphasis on those that are relevant for their role in tumorigenesis. Furthermore, we highlight the existence of networks and cross-talks among the TP53 family members, their modulators, as well as the transcriptional targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Candi
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
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31
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Giacobbe A, Bongiorno-Borbone L, Bernassola F, Terrinoni A, Markert EK, Levine AJ, Feng Z, Agostini M, Zolla L, Agrò AF, Notterman DA, Melino G, Peschiaroli A. p63 regulates glutaminase 2 expression. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:1395-405. [PMID: 23574722 DOI: 10.4161/cc.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor p63 is critical for many biological processes, including development and maintenance of epidermal tissues and tumorigenesis. Here, we report that the TAp63 isoforms regulate cell metabolism through the induction of the mitochondrial glutaminase 2 (GLS2) gene both in primary cells and tumor cell lines. By ChIP analysis and luciferase assay, we confirmed that TAp63 binds directly to the p53/p63 consensus DNA binding sequence within the GLS2 promoter region. Given the critical role of p63 in epidermal differentiation, we have investigated the regulation of GLS2 expression during this process. GLS2 and TAp63 expression increases during the in vitro differentiation of primary human keratinocytes, and depletion of GLS2 inhibits skin differentiation both at molecular and cellular levels. We found that GLS2 and TAp63 expression are concomitantly induced in cancer cells exposed to oxidative stresses. siRNA-mediated depletion of GLS2 sensitizes cells to ROS-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the TAp63/GLS2 axis can be functionally important as a cellular antioxidant pathway in the absence of p53. Accordingly, we found that GLS2 is upregulated in colon adenocarcinoma. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that GLS2 is a bona fide TAp63 target gene, and that the TAp63-dependent regulation of GLS2 is important for both physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Giacobbe
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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32
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Jeon YJ, Jo MG, Yoo HM, Hong SH, Park JM, Ka SH, Oh KH, Seol JH, Jung YK, Chung CH. Chemosensitivity is controlled by p63 modification with ubiquitin-like protein ISG15. J Clin Invest 2012; 122:2622-36. [PMID: 22706304 DOI: 10.1172/jci61762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of the cellular mechanisms that mediate cancer cell chemosensitivity is important for developing new cancer treatment strategies. Several chemotherapeutic drugs increase levels of the posttranslational modifier ISG15, which suggests that ISGylation could suppress oncogenesis. However, how ISGylation of specific target proteins controls tumorigenesis is unknown. Here, we identified proteins that are ISGylated in response to chemotherapy. Treatment of a human mammary epithelial cell line with doxorubicin resulted in ISGylation of the p53 family protein p63. An alternative splice variant of p63, ΔNp63α, suppressed the transactivity of other p53 family members, and its expression was abnormally elevated in various human epithelial tumors, suggestive of an oncogenic role for this variant. We showed that ISGylation played an essential role in the downregulation of ΔNp63α. Anticancer drugs, including doxorubicin, induced ΔNp63α ISGylation and caspase-2 activation, leading to cleavage of ISGylated ΔNp63α in the nucleus and subsequent release of its inhibitory domain to the cytoplasm. ISGylation ablated the ability of ΔNp63α to promote anchorage-independent cell growth and tumor formation in vivo as well to suppress the transactivities of proapoptotic p53 family members. These findings establish ISG15 as a tumor suppressor via its conjugation to ΔNp63α and provide a molecular rationale for therapeutic use of doxorubicin against ΔNp63α-mediated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Joo Jeon
- School of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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33
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Zhi X, Chen C. WWP1: a versatile ubiquitin E3 ligase in signaling and diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:1425-34. [PMID: 22051607 PMCID: PMC11114891 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0871-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2011] [Revised: 10/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) is a multifunction protein containing an N-terminal C2 domain, four tandem WW domains for substrate binding, and a C-terminal catalytic HECT domain for ubiquitin transferring. WWP1 has been suggested to function as the E3 ligase for several PY motif-containing proteins, such as Smad2, KLF5, p63, ErbB4/HER4, RUNX2, JunB, RNF11, SPG20, and Gag, as well as several non-PY motif containing proteins, such as TβR1, Smad4, KLF2, and EPS15. WWP1 regulates a variety of cellular biological processes including protein trafficking and degradation, signaling, transcription, and viral budding. WWP1 has been implicated in several diseases, such as cancers, infectious diseases, neurological diseases, and aging. In this review article, we extensively summarize the current knowledge of WWP1 with special emphasis on the roles and action of mechanism of WWP1 in signaling and human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223 China
- The Center for Cell Biology and Cancer Research, Albany Medical College, 47, New Scotland Ave., Albany, NY 12208 USA
| | - Ceshi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming, Yunnan 650223 China
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34
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Cao X, Xue L, Han L, Ma L, Chen T, Tong T. WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) delays cellular senescence by promoting p27(Kip1) degradation in human diploid fibroblasts. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:33447-56. [PMID: 21795702 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.225565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
WW domain-containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (WWP1) plays an important role in the proliferation of tumor cells and the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. However, the role of WWP1 in cellular senescence is still unknown. Here, we show that the expression patterns of p27(Kip1) and WWP1 are inversely correlated during cellular senescence. Moreover, the overexpression of WWP1 delayed senescence, whereas the knockdown of WWP1 led to premature senescence in human fibroblasts. Furthermore, we demonstrate that WWP1 repressed endogenous p27(Kip1) expression through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation. Additionally, WWP1 had a strong preference for catalyzing the Lys-48-linked polyubiquitination of p27(Kip1) in vitro. Finally, we demonstrate that WWP1 markedly inhibited the replicative senescence induced by p27(Kip1) by promoting p27(Kip1) degradation. Therefore, our study provides a new molecular mechanism for the regulation of cellular senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Cao
- Research Center on Aging, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Peking University, Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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35
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Role of p63 in cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2011; 1816:57-66. [PMID: 21515338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Since their initial identification p53 homologues p63 and p73 have been expected to play a role in cancer development due to their close homology to p53, notoriously one of the most mutated genes in cancer. However soon after their discovery the awareness that these genes were rarely mutated in cancer seemed to indicate that they did not play a role in its development. However a large number of data collected in the following years indicated that altered expression rather than mutation could be found in different neoplasia and play a role in its biology. In particular p63 due to its fundamental role in epithelial development seems to play a role in a number of tumors of epithelial origin. In this review we summarize some of the evidence linking p63 to carcinogenesis.
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