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Wege C, Koch C. From stars to stripes: RNA-directed shaping of plant viral protein templates-structural synthetic virology for smart biohybrid nanostructures. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 12:e1591. [PMID: 31631528 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The self-assembly of viral building blocks bears exciting prospects for fabricating new types of bionanoparticles with multivalent protein shells. These enable a spatially controlled immobilization of functionalities at highest surface densities-an increasing demand worldwide for applications from vaccination to tissue engineering, biocatalysis, and sensing. Certain plant viruses hold particular promise because they are sustainably available, biodegradable, nonpathogenic for mammals, and amenable to in vitro self-organization of virus-like particles. This offers great opportunities for their redesign into novel "green" carrier systems by spatial and structural synthetic biology approaches, as worked out here for the robust nanotubular tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as prime example. Natural TMV of 300 x 18 nm is built from more than 2,100 identical coat proteins (CPs) helically arranged around a 6,395 nucleotides ssRNA. In vitro, TMV-like particles (TLPs) may self-assemble also from modified CPs and RNAs if the latter contain an Origin of Assembly structure, which initiates a bidirectional encapsidation. By way of tailored RNA, the process can be reprogrammed to yield uncommon shapes such as branched nanoobjects. The nonsymmetric mechanism also proceeds on 3'-terminally immobilized RNA and can integrate distinct CP types in blends or serially. Other emerging plant virus-deduced systems include the usually isometric cowpea chlorotic mottle virus (CCMV) with further strikingly altered structures up to "cherrybombs" with protruding nucleic acids. Cartoon strips and pictorial descriptions of major RNA-based strategies induct the reader into a rare field of nanoconstruction that can give rise to utile soft-matter architectures for complex tasks. This article is categorized under: Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus-Based Structures Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology Biology-Inspired Nanomaterials > Nucleic Acid-Based Structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wege
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Claudia Koch
- Department of Molecular Biology and Plant Virology, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
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Plant virus-based materials for biomedical applications: Trends and prospects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 145:96-118. [PMID: 30176280 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials composed of plant viral components are finding their way into medical technology and health care, as they offer singular properties. Precisely shaped, tailored virus nanoparticles (VNPs) with multivalent protein surfaces are efficiently loaded with functional compounds such as contrast agents and drugs, and serve as carrier templates and targeting vehicles displaying e.g. peptides and synthetic molecules. Multiple modifications enable uses including vaccination, biosensing, tissue engineering, intravital delivery and theranostics. Novel concepts exploit self-organization capacities of viral building blocks into hierarchical 2D and 3D structures, and their conversion into biocompatible, biodegradable units. High yields of VNPs and proteins can be harvested from plants after a few days so that various products have reached or are close to commercialization. The article delineates potentials and limitations of biomedical plant VNP uses, integrating perspectives of chemistry, biomaterials sciences, molecular plant virology and process engineering.
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Guo S, Wong SM. Disruption of a stem-loop structure located upstream of pseudoknot domain in Tobacco mosaic virus enhanced its infectivity and viral RNA accumulation. Virology 2018; 519:170-179. [PMID: 29729525 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A predicted stem-loop structure of 25 nucleotides, located in the coat protein (CP) gene and 3'-UTR sequences of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), was validated previously (Guo et al., 2015). In this study, both disrupted stem-loop and nucleotide deletion mutants of TMV replicated more rapidly in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts. The TMV mutant with a complete mirrored stem-loop structure showed similar level of viral RNA accumulation as TMV. Recovering the stem-loop structure also resulted in a similar replication level as TMV. All these mutants induced necrosis in N. benthamiana and assembled into typical rigid rod-shaped virions. TMV mutant without the stem-loop structure induced more local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa. When the putative stem-loop structure in Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) was disrupted, the mutant also showed an enhanced virus replication. This suggests that the stem-loop structure of TMV is a new cis-acting element with a role in virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Sek-Man Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore; Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, Singapore, Republic of Singapore; National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Zou LG, Chen JW, Zheng DL, Balamurugan S, Li DW, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. High-efficiency promoter-driven coordinated regulation of multiple metabolic nodes elevates lipid accumulation in the model microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Microb Cell Fact 2018; 17:54. [PMID: 29618383 PMCID: PMC5885374 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-018-0906-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgal metabolic engineering holds great promise for the overproduction of a wide range of commercial bioproducts. It demands simultaneous manipulation of multiple metabolic nodes. However, high-efficiency promoters have been lacking. RESULTS Here we report a strong constitutive promoter Pt211 in expressing multiple target genes in oleaginous microalga Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Pt211 was revealed to contain significant cis-acting elements. GUS reporter and principal genes glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) and diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) involved in triacylglycerol biosynthesis were tested under driven of Pt211 in P. tricornutum. GUS staining and qPCR analysis showed strong GUS expression. DGAT2 and GPAT linked with a designed 2A sequence exhibited higher transcript abundances than WT, while algal growth and photosynthesis were not impaired. CONCLUSION The total lipid content increased notably by 2.6-fold compared to WT and reached up to 57.5% (dry cell weight). Overall, our findings report a strong promoter and a strategy for coordinated manipulation of complex metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Gong Zou
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jia-Wen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dan-Lin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Srinivasan Balamurugan
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wei-Dong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jie-Sheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Hong-Ye Li
- Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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Sakharov PA, Agalarov SC. Mutant Initiation Factor eIF4A (R362Q) Does Not Suppress the Assembly of the 48S Preinitiation Complex on mRNA with the Leader Sequence of mRNA That Encodes for Obelin. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s002689331801017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sakharov PA, Agalarov SC. Free Initiation Factors eIF4A and eIF4B Are Dispensable for Translation Initiation on Uncapped mRNAs. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 81:1198-1204. [PMID: 27908244 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297916100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The formation of ribosomal 48S initiation complexes at the start AUG codon of uncapped mRNA leader sequences was studied using the methodology of primer extension inhibition (toe-printing). The experiments were performed in the system composed of purified individual components required for translation initiation. The formation of ribosomal 48S initiation complexes at the initiation codon was tested depending on the presence of the initiation factors eIF4F, eIF4A, and eIF4B. Several mRNAs containing short leader sequences lacking the extended secondary structure were studied. It was found that 48S ribosomal complexes at mRNAs with such leaders were not formed in the absence of eIF4F. In contrast, the removal of either eIF4A or eIF4B from the experimental system was found to be dispensable for the formation of the 48S complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Sakharov
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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Salyaev RK, Rekoslavskaya NI, Stolbikov AS, Tret'yakova AV. Using the omega leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus to transform tomato fruits with the papillomavirus hpv16 L1 gene to enhance production of the antigenic protein HPV16 L11. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2016; 468:187-9. [PMID: 27417716 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672916030078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To enhance translation of the L1 protein antigen of the oncogenic human papillomavirus type HPV16 L1, the Ω sequence of the 5'-untranslated region of tobacco mosaic virus was inserted into a genetic construct as an enhancer. To transform plants, A. tumefaciens EHA105 cells were transfected with this construct. After the genetic transformation, the HPV16 L1 protein antigen was detected in tomato fruit in amounts of 287-2330 ng per 1 mg total soluble protein, which significantly exceeds the amount of the protein antigen obtained in our previous studies without using the omega leader sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Salyaev
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.
| | - N I Rekoslavskaya
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - A S Stolbikov
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.,Irkutsk State University, ul. Lermontova 126, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
| | - A V Tret'yakova
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Lermontova 132, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia.,Irkutsk State University, ul. Lermontova 126, Irkutsk, 664033, Russia
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Li DW, Cen SY, Liu YH, Balamurugan S, Zheng XY, Alimujiang A, Yang WD, Liu JS, Li HY. A type 2 diacylglycerol acyltransferase accelerates the triacylglycerol biosynthesis in heterokont oleaginous microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica. J Biotechnol 2016; 229:65-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chujo T, Ishibashi K, Miyashita S, Ishikawa M. Functions of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions of tobamovirus RNA. Virus Res 2015; 206:82-9. [PMID: 25683511 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tobamovirus genome is a 5'-m(7)G-capped RNA that carries a tRNA-like structure at its 3'-terminus. The genomic RNA serves as the template for both translation and negative-strand RNA synthesis. The 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) of the genomic RNA contain elements that enhance translation, and the 3'-UTR also contains the elements necessary for the initiation of negative-strand RNA synthesis. Recent studies using a cell-free viral RNA translation-replication system revealed that a 70-nucleotide region containing a part of the 5'-UTR is bound cotranslationally by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication proteins translated from the genomic RNA and that the binding leads the genomic RNA to RNA replication pathway. This mechanism explains the cis-preferential replication of TMV by the replication proteins. The binding also inhibits further translation to avoid a fatal ribosome-RNA polymerase collision, which might arise if translation and negative-strand synthesis occur simultaneously on a single genomic RNA molecule. Therefore, the 5'- and 3'-UTRs play multiple important roles in the life cycle of tobamovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Chujo
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ishibashi
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shuhei Miyashita
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan
| | - Masayuki Ishikawa
- Plant-Microbe Interactions Research Unit, Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, 2-1-2 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8602, Japan.
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Mitra S. Detecting RNA tertiary folding by sedimentation velocity analytical ultracentrifugation. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1086:265-88. [PMID: 24136610 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-667-2_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Analytical Ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a highly sensitive technique for detecting global conformational features of biological molecules and molecular interactions in solution. When operated in a sedimentation velocity (SV) recording mode, it reports precisely on the hydrodynamic properties of a molecule, including its sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, which can be used to calculate its hydrated radius, as well as, to estimate its global shape. This chapter describes the application of SV-AUC to the detection of global conformational changes accompanying equilibrium counterion induced tertiary folding of structured RNA molecules. A brief theoretical background is provided at the beginning, aimed at familiarizing the readers with the operational principle of the technique; then, a detailed set of instructions is provided on how to design, conduct, and analyze the data from an equilibrium RNA folding experiment, using SV-AUC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somdeb Mitra
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Curtis EA, Liu DR. A naturally occurring, noncanonical GTP aptamer made of simple tandem repeats. RNA Biol 2014; 11:682-92. [PMID: 24824832 PMCID: PMC4156500 DOI: 10.4161/rna.28798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we used in vitro selection to identify a new class of naturally occurring GTP aptamer called the G motif. Here we report the discovery and characterization of a second class of naturally occurring GTP aptamer, the “CA motif.” The primary sequence of this aptamer is unusual in that it consists entirely of tandem repeats of CA-rich motifs as short as three nucleotides. Several active variants of the CA motif aptamer lack the ability to form consecutive Watson-Crick base pairs in any register, while others consist of repeats containing only cytidine and adenosine residues, indicating that noncanonical interactions play important roles in its structure. The circular dichroism spectrum of the CA motif aptamer is distinct from that of A-form RNA and other major classes of nucleic acid structures. Bioinformatic searches indicate that the CA motif is absent from most archaeal and bacterial genomes, but occurs in at least 70 percent of approximately 400 eukaryotic genomes examined. These searches also uncovered several phylogenetically conserved examples of the CA motif in rodent (mouse and rat) genomes. Together, these results reveal the existence of a second class of naturally occurring GTP aptamer whose sequence requirements, like that of the G motif, are not consistent with those of a canonical secondary structure. They also indicate a new and unexpected potential biochemical activity of certain naturally occurring tandem repeats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Cambridge, MA USA
| | - David R Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Harvard University; Cambridge, MA USA
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Replication protein of tobacco mosaic virus cotranslationally binds the 5' untranslated region of genomic RNA to enable viral replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:E1620-8. [PMID: 24711385 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1321660111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Genomic RNA of positive-strand RNA viruses replicate via complementary (i.e., negative-strand) RNA in membrane-bound replication complexes. Before replication complex formation, virus-encoded replication proteins specifically recognize genomic RNA molecules and recruit them to sites of replication. Moreover, in many of these viruses, selection of replication templates by the replication proteins occurs preferentially in cis. This property is advantageous to the viruses in several aspects of viral replication and evolution, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been characterized. Here, we used an in vitro translation system to show that a 126-kDa replication protein of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a positive-strand RNA virus, binds a 5'-terminal ∼70-nucleotide region of TMV RNA cotranslationally, but not posttranslationally. TMV mutants that carried nucleotide changes in the 5'-terminal region and showed a defect in the binding were unable to synthesize negative-strand RNA, indicating that this binding is essential for template selection. A C-terminally truncated 126-kDa protein, but not the full-length 126-kDa protein, was able to posttranslationally bind TMV RNA in vitro, suggesting that binding of the 126-kDa protein to the 70-nucleotide region occurs during translation and before synthesis of the C-terminal inhibitory domain. We also show that binding of the 126-kDa protein prevents further translation of the bound TMV RNA. These data provide a mechanistic explanation of how the 126-kDa protein selects replication templates in cis and how fatal collision between translating ribosomes and negative-strand RNA-synthesizing polymerases on the genomic RNA is avoided.
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Ortega JL, Wilson OL, Sengupta-Gopalan C. The 5' untranslated region of the soybean cytosolic glutamine synthetase β(1) gene contains prokaryotic translation initiation signals and acts as a translational enhancer in plants. Mol Genet Genomics 2012; 287:881-93. [PMID: 23080263 PMCID: PMC3881598 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-012-0724-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the synthesis of glutamine from glutamate and ammonia. In plants, it occurs as two major isoforms, a cytosolic form (GS(1)) and a nuclear encoded chloroplastic form. The focus of this paper is to determine the role of the 5'UTR of a GS(1) gene. GS(1) gene constructs with and without its 5' and 3' UTRs, driven by a constitutive promoter, were agroinfiltrated into tobacco leaves and the tissues were analyzed for both transgene transcript and protein accumulation. The constructs were also tested in an in vitro transcription/translation system and in Escherichia coli. Our results showed that while the 3'UTR functioned in the destabilization of the transcript, the 5'UTR acted as a translation enhancer in plant cells but not in the in vitro translation system. The 5'UTR of the GS(1) gene when placed in front of a reporter gene (uidA), showed a 20-fold increase in the level of GUS expression in agroinfiltrated leaves when compared to the same gene construct without the 5'UTR. The 5'UTR-mediated translational enhancement is probably another step in the regulation of GS in plants. The presence of the GS(1) 5'UTR in front of the GS(1) coding region allowed for its translation in E. coli suggesting the commonality of the translation initiation mechanism for this gene between plants and bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Luis Ortega
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Olivia L. Wilson
- Molecular Biology Graduate Program, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
| | - Champa Sengupta-Gopalan
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA,
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Sogorin EA, Shirokikh NE, Ibragimova AM, Vasiliev VD, Agalarov SC, Spirin AS. Leader sequences of eukaryotic mRNA can be simultaneously bound to initiating 80S ribosome and 40S ribosomal subunit. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2012; 77:342-5. [PMID: 22809152 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297912040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Binding of mRNA leader sequences to ribosomes was studied in conditions of a cell-free translation system based on wheat germ extract. Leader sequence of TMV mRNA (the so-called omega-RNA sequence) was able to bind simultaneously 80S ribosome and 40S ribosomal subunit. It was found that nucleotide substitutions in omega-RNA resulting in destabilization of RNA structure have no effect on the complex formation with both 80S ribosome and 40S ribosomal subunit. Leader sequence of globin mRNA is also able to form a similar joint complex. It is supposed that the ability of mRNA leader sequences to bind simultaneously 80S ribosome and 40S subunit is independent of leader nature and may reflect previously unknown eukaryotic mechanisms of translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Sogorin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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