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Sankaranarayanan RA, Peil J, Vogg ATJ, Bolm C, Terhorst S, Classen A, Bauwens M, Maurer J, Mottaghy F, Morgenroth A. Auger Emitter Conjugated PARP Inhibitor for Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancers: A Comparative In-Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010230. [PMID: 35008392 PMCID: PMC8750932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high recurrence rate. Since treatment of BRCAmut TNBC patients with PARP inhibitor (PARPi), targeting the nuclear protein PARP1, shows varied responses, its therapeutic efficacy is currently evaluated in combination with chemotherapy. Auger emitters (AEs) are radionuclides that can cause DNA damage when delivered close to the DNA. Due to the nuclear location of PARP1, radiolabelling of PARPi with AEs provide an efficient nuclear delivery mechanism. This study shows the radiosynthesis of an AE radiolabelled PARPi ([125I]-PARPi-01) and its therapeutic effect as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutics in a panel of TNBC cell lines. We found that [125I]-PARPi-01 efficiently induces DNA damage with therapeutic effect irrespective of BRCA mutation. All responsive cell lines have homologous recombination deficiency. Short pretreatment with doxorubicin significantly reduces clonogenic survival of both responsive and resistant cell lines. Abstract PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently approved for BRCAmut metastatic breast cancer, but they have shown limited response in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Combination of an Auger emitter with PARPis enables PARP inhibition and DNA strand break induction simultaneously. This will enhance cytotoxicity and additionally allow a theranostic approach. This study presents the radiosynthesis of the Auger emitter [125I] coupled olaparib derivative: [125I]-PARPi-01, and its therapeutic evaluation in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Specificity was tested by a blocking assay. DNA strand break induction was analysed by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays were studied using flow cytometry in TNBC cell lines (BRCAwt/mut). Anchorage independent growth potential was evaluated using soft agar assay. [125I]-PARPi-01 showed PARP1-specificity and higher cytotoxicity than olaparib in TNBC cell lines irrespective of BRCA their status. Cell lines harbouring DNA repair deficiency showed response to [125I]-PARPi-01 monotherapy. Combined treatment with Dox-NP further enhanced therapeutic efficiency in metastatic resistant BRCAwt cell lines. The clonogenic survival was significantly reduced after treatment with [125I]-PARPi-01 in all TNBC lines investigated. Therapeutic efficacy was further enhanced after combined treatment with chemotherapeutics. [125I]-PARPi-01 is a promising radiotherapeutic agent for low radiation dosages, and mono/combined therapies of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ambur Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Jennifer Peil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Andreas T. J. Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Steven Terhorst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Arno Classen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Molecular Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
Ras proteins mediate extracellular and cytoplasmic signaling networks via receptor tyrosine kinase. The Ras pathway induces activation of signaling molecules involved in cell proliferation and growth, cell survival and apoptosis, metabolism, and motility. Although Ras mutations in breast cancer are not frequently reported, hyperactivation of Ras signaling plays an important role in breast cancer growth and progression. Oncogenic Ras activation occurs via loss of Ras GTPase-activating proteins, overexpression of growth factor receptor, and stimulation by various cytokines. Effective control of oncogenic Ras is one of the therapeutic strategies in breast cancer. The mechanisms of intracellular localization, activation, and signaling pathway of Ras in cancer have been used to develop therapeutic candidates. Recent studies have reported an effective therapy for breast cancer by inhibition of enzymes involved in the posttranslational modification of Ras, such as farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferase 1, and anti-cancer therapies targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Emerging targets involved in EGF-mediated Ras activity in breast cancer have shed new insight into Ras activation in breast cancer progression. These alternative mechanisms for Ras signaling pathway may suggest novel therapeutic approaches for targeting Ras in breast cancer. In spite of the difficulties in targeting Ras protein, important discoveries highlight the direct inhibition of Ras activity. Further studies may elucidate the effects of targeting Ras protein and the clinical relevance thereof.
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Liu H, Tang L, Li X, Li H. Triptolide inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated angiogenesis in human breast cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:830-836. [PMID: 30116337 PMCID: PMC6090217 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide has been demonstrated to induce tumor cell apoptosis. However, the role of triptolide in breast cancer angiogenesis remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of triptolide in breast cancer and the molecular mechanisms underlying this. The results revealed that triptolide could significantly decrease the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) in Hs578T and MDAMB231 breast cancer cells. Furthermore, human umbilical vein endothelial cells were used to perform tube formation and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation assays, which demonstrated an antiangiogenic effect of triptolide. In addition, the effect of triptolide in vivo was examined in a xenograft mouse model, which determined that VEGFA, cluster of differentiation 31 and anti-proliferation marker protein Ki67 expression in tumor sections was decreased in the triptolide treatment group compared with the control group. Western bolt analysis was performed to investigate the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 and RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase after triptolide treatment, and it's effect on hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)1-α expression. The results demonstrated that triptolide suppressed ERK1/2 activation and HIF1-α expression. Furthermore, overexpression of HIF1-α could partially abrogate the inhibitory effect of triptolide on VEGFA expression. These results suggest that triptolide inhibits breast cancer cell angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo through inhibiting the ERK1/2-HIF1-α-VEGFA axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantao Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Lubing Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Huiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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Zanotto-Filho A, Rajamanickam S, Loranc E, Masamsetti VP, Gorthi A, Romero JC, Tonapi S, Gonçalves RM, Reddick RL, Benavides R, Kuhn J, Chen Y, Bishop AJR. Sorafenib improves alkylating therapy by blocking induced inflammation, invasion and angiogenesis in breast cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2018; 425:101-115. [PMID: 29608984 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Molecular targeted compounds are emerging as a strategy to improve classical chemotherapy. Herein, we describe that using low dose of the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib improves cyclophosphamide antitumor activity by inhibiting angiogenesis, metastasis and promoting tumor healing in MDA-MB231 xenografts and the 4T1-12B syngeneic breast cancer metastasis model. Mechanistic studies in MDA-MB231 cells revealed that alkylation upregulates inflammatory genes/proteins such as COX-2, IL8, CXCL2 and MMP1 in a MEK1/2-ERK1/2-dependent manner. These proteins enrich the secretome of cancer cells, stimulating cell invasion and angiogenesis via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. Sorafenib inhibits MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway thereby decreasing inflammatory genes and mitigating cell invasion and angiogenesis at basal and alkylation-induced conditions whereas NRF2 and ER stress pathways involved in alkylation survival are not affected. In non-invasive/non-angiogenic breast cancer cells (SKBR3 and MCF7), alkylation did not elicit inflammatory responses with the only sorafenib effect being ERK1/2-independent ROS-dependent cytotoxicity when using higher drug concentrations. In summary, our data show that alkylating agents may elicit inflammatory responses that seems to contribute to malignant progression in specific breast cancer cells. Identifying and targeting drivers of this phenotype may offer opportunities to optimize combined drug regimens between classical chemotherapeutics and targeted agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfeu Zanotto-Filho
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Subapriya Rajamanickam
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Eva Loranc
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - V Pragathi Masamsetti
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Aparna Gorthi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - July Carolina Romero
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Sonal Tonapi
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Rosangela Mayer Gonçalves
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Raymond Benavides
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John Kuhn
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Texas College of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Alexander J R Bishop
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA; Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
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Lee KH, Koh M, Moon A. Farnesyl transferase inhibitor FTI-277 inhibits breast cell invasion and migration by blocking H-Ras activation. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2222-2226. [PMID: 27602167 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperactive Ras promotes proliferation and malignant phenotypic conversion of cells in cancer. Ras protein must be associated with cellular membranes for its oncogenic activities through post-translational modifications, including farnesylation. Farnesyltransferase (FTase) is essential for H-Ras membrane targeting, and H-Ras, but not N-Ras, has been demonstrated to cause an invasive phenotype in MCF10A breast epithelial cells. In the present study, it was observed that an FTase inhibitor (FTI), FTI-277, blocked epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced H-Ras activation, but not N-Ras activation in MDA-MB-231 cells, which express wild-type H-Ras and N-Ras. FTI-277 exerted a more potent inhibitory effect on the proliferation of H-Ras-MCF10A cells and Hs578T breast cancer cells expressing an active mutant of H-Ras than that of MDA-MB-231 cells. The invasive/migratory phenotypes of the H-Ras-MCF10A and Hs578T cells were effectively inhibited by FTI-277 treatment. By contrast, FTI-277 did not affect the invasive/migratory phenotypes of MDA-MB-231 cells. However, the EGF-induced invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells was decreased by FTI-277, implicating that FTI-277 inhibits breast cell invasion and migration by blocking H-Ras activation. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that FTase inhibition by FTI-277 may be an effective strategy for targeting H-Ras-mediated proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Hun Lee
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Minsoo Koh
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 132-714, Republic of Korea
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Liu Y, Zhou J, Luo X, Yang C, Zhang Y, Shi S. Association of RAC1 Gene Polymorphisms with Primary End-Stage Renal Disease in Chinese Renal Recipients. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148270. [PMID: 26841219 PMCID: PMC4739498 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE RAC1 gene could influence susceptibility to renal failure by altering the activity and expression of Rac1, which is a member of the Rho family of small GTP-binding proteins. In clinical practice, renal transplantation provides the optimal treatment for people with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this present study was to determine whether the RAC1 gene polymorphisms were associated with primary ESRD susceptibility in Chinese renal recipients. METHODS Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of RAC1 gene, including rs836488 T>C, rs702482 A>T, rs10951982 G>A, rs702483 A>G, rs6954996 G>A, and rs9374 G>A, were genotyped in 300 renal transplant recipients (cases) and 998 healthy Chinese subjects (controls) by using TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Allele, genotype, and haplotype frequencies of the six SNPs were compared between cases and controls. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated in logistic regression models to evaluate the associations of the six SNPs with ESRD risk. RESULTS The genotype distributions for the six SNPs in controls were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). Association analysis revealed that three SNPs were significantly associated with ESRD risk. Positive associations with ESRD risk were found for the rs836488, rs702482, and rs702483 in the co-dominant model (minor allele homozygotes versus major allele homozygotes); specifically, the frequencies of the minor allele homozygotes and the minor allele for the three SNPs were higher in the cases than in the controls. In addition, these three SNPs also had associations with increased ESRD risk under the additive model (P < 0.05), and positive associations were also found for the rs836488 in the dominant model (P < 0.05) and for the rs702483 in the recessive model (P < 0.05). All these associations were independent of confounding factors. The other three SNPs (rs10951982, rs6954996, and rs9374), in all comparison models, were not associated with ESRD risk (P > 0.05). In haplotype analysis, carriers with "C-T-G-G-G-G" haplotype had a significantly higher risk of ESRD compared with the most common haplotype "T-A-G-A-G-G" (P = 0.011, OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.09-1.94). CONCLUSION This study suggested that polymorphisms of RAC1 gene might influence the susceptibility to ESRD in Chinese Han population. Further studies are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yani Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiali Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaojun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail:
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Ponce-Cusi R, Calaf GM. Apoptotic activity of 5-fluorouracil in breast cancer cells transformed by low doses of ionizing α-particle radiation. Int J Oncol 2015; 48:774-82. [PMID: 26691280 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, breast cancer in women is the leading cause of cancer death. This fact has generated an interest to obtain insight into breast tumorigenesis and also to develop drugs to control the disease. Ras is a proto-oncogene that is activated as a response to extracellular signals. As a member of the Ras GTPase superfamily, Rho-A is an oncogenic and a critical component of signaling pathways leading to downstream gene regulation. In chemotherapy, apoptosis is the predominant mechanism by which cancer cells die. However, even when the apoptotic machinery remains intact, survival signaling may antagonize the cell death by signals. The aim of this study was to evaluate 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in cells transformed by low doses of ionizing α-particle radiation, in breast cancer cell lines on these genes, as well as apoptotic activity. We used two cell lines from an in vitro experimental breast cancer model. The MCF-10F and Tumor2 cell lines. MCF-10F was exposed to low doses of high linear energy transfer (LET) α-particles radiation (150 keV/µm). Tumor2, is a malignant and tumorigenic cell line obtained from Alpha5 (60cGy+E/60cGy+E) injected into the nude mice. Results indicated that 5-FU decreased H-ras, Rho-A, p53, Stat1 and increased Bax gene expression in Tumor2 and decreased Rac1, Rho-A, NF-κB and increased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression in Tumor2. 5-FU decreased H-ras, Bcl-xL and NF-κB and increased Bax gene expression. 5-FU decreased Rac1, Rho-A protein expression and increased Bax and caspase-3 protein expression in MDA-MB-231. Flow cytometry indicated 21.5% of cell death in the control MCF-10F and 80% in Tumor2 cell lines. It can be concluded that 5-FU may exert apoptotic activity in breast cancer cells transformed by low doses of ionizing α-particles in vitro regulating genes of Ras family and related to apoptosis such as Bax, Bcl-xL and NF-κB expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ponce-Cusi
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 8097877, Chile
| | - Gloria M Calaf
- Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica 8097877, Chile
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Lee J, Galloway R, Grandjean G, Jacob J, Humphries J, Bartholomeusz C, Goodstal S, Lim B, Bartholomeusz G, Ueno NT, Rao A. Comprehensive Two- and Three-Dimensional RNAi Screening Identifies PI3K Inhibition as a Complement to MEK Inhibitor AS703026 for Combination Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. J Cancer 2015; 6:1306-19. [PMID: 26640591 PMCID: PMC4643087 DOI: 10.7150/jca.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a major cause of death among breast cancer patients that results from intrinsic and acquired resistance to systemic chemotherapies. To identify novel targets for effective treatment of TNBC through combination strategies with MEK inhibitor (AS703026), we used a novel method of combining high-throughput two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) RNAi screening. TNBC cells were transfected with a kinome siRNA library comprising siRNA targeting 790 kinases under both 2D and 3D culture conditions with or without AS703026. Molecule activity predictor analysis revealed the PI3K pathway as the major target pathway in our RNAi combination studies in TNBC. We found that PI3K inhibitor SAR245409 (also called XL765) combined with AS703026 synergistically inhibited proliferation compared with either drug alone (P < 0.001). Reduced in vitro colony formation (P < 0.001) and migration and invasion ability were also observed with the combination treatment (P<0.01). Our data suggest that SAR245409 combined with AS703026 may be effective in patients with TNBC. We conclude that a novel powerful high-throughput RNAi assays were able to identify anti-cancer drugs as single or combinational agents. Integrated and multi-system RNAi screening methods can complement difference between in vitro and in vivo culture conditions, and enriches targets that are close to the in vivo condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jangsoon Lee
- 1. Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology - Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rachael Galloway
- 2. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - Unit 1410, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Geoff Grandjean
- 3. Department of Experimental Therapeutics - Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Justin Jacob
- 3. Department of Experimental Therapeutics - Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Juliane Humphries
- 1. Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology - Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Chandra Bartholomeusz
- 1. Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology - Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Samantha Goodstal
- 4. EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc., 45A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Bora Lim
- 1. Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology - Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Geoffrey Bartholomeusz
- 3. Department of Experimental Therapeutics - Unit 1950, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Naoto T Ueno
- 1. Section of Translational Breast Cancer Research and Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Department of Breast Medical Oncology - Unit 1354, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Arvind Rao
- 2. Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology - Unit 1410, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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Koh M, Yong HY, Kim ES, Son H, Jeon YR, Hwang JS, Kim MO, Cha Y, Choi WS, Noh DY, Lee KM, Kim KB, Lee JS, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim HH, Kim EJ, Park SY, Kim HS, Moon WK, Choi Kim HR, Moon A. A novel role for flotillin-1 in H-Ras-regulated breast cancer aggressiveness. Int J Cancer 2015; 138:1232-45. [PMID: 26413934 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated expression and aberrant activation of Ras have been implicated in breast cancer aggressiveness. H-Ras, but not N-Ras, induces breast cell invasion. A crucial link between lipid rafts and H-Ras function has been suggested. This study sought to identify the lipid raft protein(s) responsible for H-Ras-induced tumorigenicity and invasiveness of breast cancer. We conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of lipid raft proteins from invasive MCF10A human breast epithelial cells engineered to express active H-Ras and non-invasive cells expressing active N-Ras. Here, we identified a lipid raft protein flotillin-1 as an important regulator of H-Ras activation and breast cell invasion. Flotillin-1 was required for epidermal growth factor-induced activation of H-Ras, but not that of N-Ras, in MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Flotillin-1 knockdown inhibited the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 and Hs578T TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. In xenograft mouse tumor models of these TNBC cell lines, we showed that flotillin-1 played a critical role in tumor growth. Using human breast cancer samples, we provided clinical evidence for the metastatic potential of flotillin-1. Membrane staining of flotillin-1 was positively correlated with metastatic spread (p = 0.013) and inversely correlated with patient disease-free survival rates (p = 0.005). Expression of flotillin-1 was associated with H-Ras in breast cancer, especially in TNBC (p < 0.001). Our findings provide insight into the molecular basis of Ras isoform-specific interplay with flotillin-1, leading to tumorigenicity and aggressiveness of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Koh
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-Young Yong
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Sook Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajin Son
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Rim Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Sun Hwang
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myeong-Ok Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yujin Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wahn Soo Choi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju, Korea
| | - Dong-Young Noh
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Surgery and Cancer Research Institute, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Bum Kim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jae-Seon Lee
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Haemin Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hong-Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, BK21 Program and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - So Yeon Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hoe Suk Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Kyung Moon
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong-Reh Choi Kim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Aree Moon
- College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim ES, Cho H, Lim C, Lee JY, Lee DI, Kim S, Moon A. A natural piper-amide-like compound NED-135 exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on the invasive breast cancer cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 237:58-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Skvortsov S, Debbage P, Lukas P, Skvortsova I. Crosstalk between DNA repair and cancer stem cell (CSC) associated intracellular pathways. Semin Cancer Biol 2014; 31:36-42. [PMID: 24954010 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
DNA damaging agents (ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutics) are considered as most effective in cancer treatment. However, there is a subpopulation of carcinoma cells within the tumour demonstrating resistance to DNA damaging treatment approaches. It is suggested that limited tumour response to this kind of therapy can be associated with specific molecular properties of carcinoma stem cells (CSCs) representing the most refractory cell subpopulation. This review article presents novel data about molecular features of CSCs underlying DNA damage response and related intracellular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Paul Debbage
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Peter Lukas
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ira Skvortsova
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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12
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Rac1 as a potential therapeutic target for chemo-radioresistant head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Br J Cancer 2014; 110:2677-87. [PMID: 24786604 PMCID: PMC4037830 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In order to improve therapy for HNSCC patients, novel methods to predict and combat local and/or distant tumour relapses are urgently needed. This study has been dedicated to the hypothesis that Rac1, a Rho GTPase, is implicated in HNSCC insensitivity to chemo-radiotherapy resulting in tumour recurrence development. METHODS Parental and radiation-resistant (IRR) HNSCC cells were used to support this hypothesis. All cells were investigated for their sensitivity to ionising radiation and cisplatin, Rac1 activity, its intracellular expression and subcellular localisation. Additionally, tumour tissues obtained from 60 HNSCC patients showing different therapy response were evaluated for intratumoral Rac1 expression. RESULTS Radiation-resistant IRR cells also revealed resistance to cisplatin accompanied by increased expression, activity and trend towards nuclear translocation of Rac1 protein. Chemical inhibition of Rac1 expression and activity resulted in significant improvement of HNSCC sensitivity to ionising radiation and cisplatin. Preclinical results were confirmed in clinical samples. Although Rac1 was poorly presented in normal mucosa, tumour tissues revealed increased Rac1 expression. The most pronounced Rac1 presence was observed in HNSCC patients with poor early or late responses to chemo-radiotherapy. Tissues taken at recurrence were characterised not only by enhanced Rac1 expression but also increased nuclear Rac1 content. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression, activity and subcellular localisation of Rac1 could be associated with lower early response rate and higher risk of tumour recurrences in HNSCC patients and warrants further validation in larger independent studies. Inhibition of Rac1 activity can be useful in overcoming treatment resistance and could be proposed for HNSCC patients with primary or secondary chemo-radioresistance.
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Skvortsov S, Debbage P, Cho WCS, Lukas P, Skvortsova I. Putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets associated with radiation resistance. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 11:207-14. [PMID: 24564737 DOI: 10.1586/14789450.2014.893194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy plays an important role in the management of malignant tumors, however, the problem of radiation resistance resulting in tumor recurrences after treatment is still unsolved. The emergence of novel biomarkers to predict cancer cell insensitivity to ionizing radiation could help to improve therapy results in cancer patients receiving radiation therapy. The proteomic approach could be effectively used to identify proteins associated with cancer radiation resistance. It is generally believed that radiation resistance could be associated with cancer stem cell persistence within the tumor. Therefore, determination of the molecular characteristics of cancer stem cells could provide additional possibilities to discover novel biomarkers to predict radiation resistance in cancer patients. This review addresses proteome-based findings that could be used for further biomarker identification and preclinical and clinical validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Skvortsov
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Innsbruck Medical University, Laboratory for Experimental and Translational Research on Radiation Oncology (EXTRO-Lab), Innsbruck, Austria
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15
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Chen QY, Zheng Y, Jiao DM, Chen FY, Hu HZ, Wu YQ, Song J, Yan J, Wu LJ, Lv GY. Curcumin inhibits lung cancer cell migration and invasion through Rac1-dependent signaling pathway. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 25:177-85. [PMID: 24445042 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2013] [Revised: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 10/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin, a natural and crystalline compound isolated from the plant Curcuma longa with low toxicity in normal cells, has been shown to protect against carcinogenesis and prevent tumor development. However, little is known about antimetastasis effects and mechanism of curcumin in lung cancer. Rac1 is an important small Rho GTPases family protein and has been widely implicated in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cancer cell migration, invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined the influence of curcumin on in vitro invasiveness of human lung cancer cells and the expressions of Rac1. The results indicate that curcumin at 10 μM slightly reduced the proliferation of 801D lung cancer cells but showed an obvious inhibitory effect on epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor β1-induced lung cancer cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that the suppression of invasiveness correlated with inhibition of Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathways and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 protein expression by combining curcumin treatment with the methods of Rac1 gene silence and overexpression in lung cancer cells. Laser confocal microscope also showed that Rac1-regulated actin cytoskeleton rearrangement may be involved in anti-invasion effect of curcumin on lung cancer cell. At last, through xenograft experiments, we confirmed the connection between Rac1 and the growth and metastasis inhibitory effect of curcumin in vivo. In summary, these data demonstrated that low-toxic levels of curcumin could efficiently inhibit migration and invasion of lung cancer cells through inhibition of Rac1/PAK1 signaling pathway and MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression, which provided a novel insight into the molecular mechanism of curcumin against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-yong Chen
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Zheng
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacy, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310013, P.R. China
| | - De-min Jiao
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Fang-yuan Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi Chinese Medicine University, Xianyang, Shaanxi, 712000, P.R. China
| | - Hui-zhen Hu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Yu-quan Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jia Song
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Li-jun Wu
- Department of Respiratory Disease, The 117th Hospital of PLA, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310013, P.R. China
| | - Gui-yuan Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310053, P.R. China.
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Katz E, Sims AH, Sproul D, Caldwell H, Dixon MJ, Meehan RR, Harrison DJ. Targeting of Rac GTPases blocks the spread of intact human breast cancer. Oncotarget 2013; 3:608-19. [PMID: 22689141 PMCID: PMC3442288 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High expression of Rac small GTPases in invasive breast ductal carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, but its therapeutic value in human cancers is not clear. The aim of the current study was to determine the response of human primary breast cancers to Rac-based drug treatments ex vivo. Three-dimensional organotypic cultures were used to assess candidate therapeutic avenues in invasive breast cancers. Uniquely, in these primary cultures, the tumour is not disaggregated, with both epithelial and mesenchymal components maintained within a three-dimensional matrix of type I collagen. EHT 1864, a small molecule inhibitor of Rac GTPases, prevents spread of breast cancers in this setting, and also reduces proliferation at the invading edge. Rac1+ epithelial cells in breast tumours also contain high levels of the phosphorylated form of the transcription factor STAT3. The small molecule Stattic inhibits activation of STAT3 and induces effects similar to those seen with EHT 1864. Pan-Rac inhibition of proliferation precedes down-regulation of STAT3 activity, defining it as the last step in Rac activation during human breast cancer invasion. Our data highlights the potential use of Rac and STAT3 inhibition in treatment of invasive human breast cancer and the benefit of studying novel cancer treatments using three-dimensional primary tumour tissue explant cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elad Katz
- Breakthrough Breast Cancer Research Unit, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Bellavia M, Gioviale MC, Damiano G, Palumbo VD, Spinelli G, Buscemi G, Lo Monte AI. Dissecting the different biological effects of oncogenic Ras isoforms in cancer cell lines: could stimulation of oxidative stress be the one more weapon of H-Ras? Regulation of oxidative stress and Ras biological effects. Med Hypotheses 2012; 79:731-4. [PMID: 22981836 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ras proteins are small GTPase functioning as molecular switches that, in response to particular extracellular signalling, as growth factors, activate a diverse array of intracellular effector cascades regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Human tumours frequently express Ras proteins (Ha-, Ki-, N-Ras) activated by point mutations which contribute to malignant phenotype, including invasiveness and angiogenesis. Despite the common signalling pathways leading to similar cellular responses, studies clearly demonstrate unique roles of the Ras family members in normal and pathological conditions and the lack of functional redundancy seems to be explainable, at least in part, by the ability of Ras isoforms to localize in different microdomains to plasma membrane and intracellular organelles. This different intracellular compartmentalization could help Ras isoforms to contact different downstream effectors finally leading to different biological outcomes. Interestingly, it has also been shown that Ha- and Ki-Ras exert an opposite role in regulating intracellular redox status. In this regard we suggest that H-Ras specific induction of ROS (reactive oxygen species) production could be one of the main determinants of the invasive phenotype which characterize cancer cells harbouring H-Ras mutations. In our hypothesis then, while K-Ras (not able to promote oxidative stress) could mainly contribute to cancer progression and invasiveness through activation of MAPK and PI3K, H-Ras-mediated oxidative stress could play a unique role in modulation of intercellular contacts leading to a loss of cell adhesion and eventually also to a metastatic spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bellavia
- Department of Surgical and Oncological Disciplines, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
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