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Di Lazzaro Filho R, Yamamoto GL, Silva TJ, Rocha LA, Linnenkamp BDW, Castro MAA, Bartholdi D, Schaller A, Leeb T, Kelmann S, Utagawa CY, Steiner CE, Steinmetz L, Honjo RS, Kim CA, Wang L, Abourjaili-Bilodeau R, Campeau PM, Warman M, Passos-Bueno MR, Hoch NC, Bertola DR. Biallelic variants in DNA2 cause poikiloderma with congenital cataracts and severe growth failure reminiscent of Rothmund-Thomson syndrome. J Med Genet 2023; 60:1127-1132. [PMID: 37055165 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (RTS) is a rare, heterogeneous autosomal recessive genodermatosis, with poikiloderma as its hallmark. It is classified into two types: type I, with biallelic variants in ANAPC1 and juvenile cataracts, and type II, with biallelic variants in RECQL4, increased cancer risk and no cataracts. We report on six Brazilian probands and two siblings of Swiss/Portuguese ancestry presenting with severe short stature, widespread poikiloderma and congenital ocular anomalies. Genomic and functional analysis revealed compound heterozygosis for a deep intronic splicing variant in trans with loss of function variants in DNA2, with reduction of the protein levels and impaired DNA double-strand break repair. The intronic variant is shared by all patients, as well as the Portuguese father of the European siblings, indicating a probable founder effect. Biallelic variants in DNA2 were previously associated with microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism. Although the individuals reported here present a similar growth pattern, the presence of poikiloderma and ocular anomalies is unique. Thus, we have broadened the phenotypical spectrum of DNA2 mutations, incorporating clinical characteristics of RTS. Although a clear genotype-phenotype correlation cannot be definitively established at this moment, we speculate that the residual activity of the splicing variant allele could be responsible for the distinct manifestations of DNA2-related syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Di Lazzaro Filho
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Genômica/Genera, Diagnósticos da América SA, Barueri, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lopes Yamamoto
- Genômica/Genera, Diagnósticos da América SA, Barueri, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago J Silva
- Departamento de Bioquímica do Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leticia A Rocha
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bianca D W Linnenkamp
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Matheus Augusto Araújo Castro
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - André Schaller
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tosso Leeb
- Institute of Genetics, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Kelmann
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Leandra Steinmetz
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rachel Sayuri Honjo
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Chong Ae Kim
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lisa Wang
- 9Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Philippe M Campeau
- CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Matthew Warman
- Department of Orthopedics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nicolas C Hoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica do Instituto de Química, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Romeo Bertola
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva do Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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DNA2 in Chromosome Stability and Cell Survival-Is It All about Replication Forks? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083984. [PMID: 33924313 PMCID: PMC8069077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved nuclease-helicase DNA2 has been linked to mitochondrial myopathy, Seckel syndrome, and cancer. Across species, the protein is indispensable for cell proliferation. On the molecular level, DNA2 has been implicated in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, checkpoint activation, Okazaki fragment processing (OFP), and telomere homeostasis. More recently, a critical contribution of DNA2 to the replication stress response and recovery of stalled DNA replication forks (RFs) has emerged. Here, we review the available functional and phenotypic data and propose that the major cellular defects associated with DNA2 dysfunction, and the links that exist with human disease, can be rationalized through the fundamental importance of DNA2-dependent RF recovery to genome duplication. Being a crucial player at stalled RFs, DNA2 is a promising target for anti-cancer therapy aimed at eliminating cancer cells by replication-stress overload.
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Jia PP, Junaid M, Ma YB, Ahmad F, Jia YF, Li WG, Pei DS. Role of human DNA2 (hDNA2) as a potential target for cancer and other diseases: A systematic review. DNA Repair (Amst) 2017; 59:9-19. [PMID: 28903076 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
DNA nuclease/helicase 2 (DNA2), a multi-functional protein protecting the high fidelity of genomic transmission, plays critical roles in DNA replication and repair processes. In the maturation of Okazaki fragments, DNA2 acts synergistically with other enzymes to cleave the DNA-RNA primer flaps via different pathways. DNA2 is also involved in the stability of mitochondrial DNA and the maintenance of telomeres. Moreover, DNA2 potentially participates in controlling the cell cycle by repairing the DNA replication faults at main checkpoints. In addition, previous evidences demonstrated that DNA2 also functions in the repair process of DNA damages, such as base excision repair (BER). Currently, large studies revealed the structures and functions of DNA2 in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes, such as bacteria and yeast. However, the studies that highlighted the functions of human DNA2 (hDNA2) and the relationships with other multifunctional proteins are still elusive, and more precise investigations are immensely needed. Therefore, this review mainly encompasses the key functions of DNA2 in human cells with various aspects, especially focusing on the genome integrity, and also generalizes the recent insights to the mechanisms related to the occurrence of cancer and other diseases potentially linked to the mutations in DNA2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Pan Jia
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China; College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Muhammad Junaid
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan-Bo Ma
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China
| | - Farooq Ahmad
- Sustainable Development Study Centre, GC University Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yong-Fang Jia
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Wei-Guo Li
- College of Life Science, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China.
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 401122, China.
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Lemmens BBLG, Johnson NM, Tijsterman M. COM-1 promotes homologous recombination during Caenorhabditis elegans meiosis by antagonizing Ku-mediated non-homologous end joining. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003276. [PMID: 23408909 PMCID: PMC3567172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful completion of meiosis requires the induction and faithful repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). DSBs can be repaired via homologous recombination (HR) or non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), yet only repair via HR can generate the interhomolog crossovers (COs) needed for meiotic chromosome segregation. Here we identify COM-1, the homolog of CtIP/Sae2/Ctp1, as a crucial regulator of DSB repair pathway choice during Caenorhabditis elegans gametogenesis. COM-1-deficient germ cells repair meiotic DSBs via the error-prone pathway NHEJ, resulting in a lack of COs, extensive chromosomal aggregation, and near-complete embryonic lethality. In contrast to its yeast counterparts, COM-1 is not required for Spo11 removal and initiation of meiotic DSB repair, but instead promotes meiotic recombination by counteracting the NHEJ complex Ku. In fact, animals defective for both COM-1 and Ku are viable and proficient in CO formation. Further genetic dissection revealed that COM-1 acts parallel to the nuclease EXO-1 to promote interhomolog HR at early pachytene stage of meiotic prophase and thereby safeguards timely CO formation. Both of these nucleases, however, are dispensable for RAD-51 recruitment at late pachytene stage, when homolog-independent repair pathways predominate, suggesting further redundancy and/or temporal regulation of DNA end resection during meiotic prophase. Collectively, our results uncover the potentially lethal properties of NHEJ during meiosis and identify a critical role for COM-1 in NHEJ inhibition and CO assurance in germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bennie B. L. G. Lemmens
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas M. Johnson
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Tijsterman
- Department of Toxicogenetics, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Mason PA, Cox LS. The role of DNA exonucleases in protecting genome stability and their impact on ageing. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1317-1340. [PMID: 21948156 PMCID: PMC3528374 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Exonucleases are key enzymes involved in many aspects of cellular metabolism and maintenance and are essential to genome stability, acting to cleave DNA from free ends. Exonucleases can act as proof-readers during DNA polymerisation in DNA replication, to remove unusual DNA structures that arise from problems with DNA replication fork progression, and they can be directly involved in repairing damaged DNA. Several exonucleases have been recently discovered, with potentially critical roles in genome stability and ageing. Here we discuss how both intrinsic and extrinsic exonuclease activities contribute to the fidelity of DNA polymerases in DNA replication. The action of exonucleases in processing DNA intermediates during normal and aberrant DNA replication is then assessed, as is the importance of exonucleases in repair of double-strand breaks and interstrand crosslinks. Finally we examine how exonucleases are involved in maintenance of mitochondrial genome stability. Throughout the review, we assess how nuclease mutation or loss predisposes to a range of clinical diseases and particularly ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A. Mason
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
| | - Lynne S. Cox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU UK
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