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Mao S, Xie C, Liu Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Gao H, Xiao Y, Zou Y, Zheng Z, Gao Y, Xie J, Tian B, Wang L, Hua Y, Xu H. Apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 (APE1) promotes stress granule formation via YBX1 phosphorylation in ovarian cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:113. [PMID: 38436697 PMCID: PMC10912283 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05086-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
APE1 is an essential gene involved in DNA damage repair, the redox regulation of transcriptional factors (TFs) and RNA processing. APE1 overexpression is common in cancers and correlates with poor patient survival. Stress granules (SGs) are phase-separated cytoplasmic assemblies that cells form in response to environmental stresses. Precise regulation of SGs is pivotal to cell survival, whereas their dysregulation is increasingly linked to diseases. Whether APE1 engages in modulating SG dynamics is worthy of investigation. In this study, we demonstrate that APE1 colocalizes with SGs and promotes their formation. Through phosphoproteome profiling, we discover that APE1 significantly alters the phosphorylation landscape of ovarian cancer cells, particularly the phosphoprofile of SG proteins. Notably, APE1 promotes the phosphorylation of Y-Box binding protein 1 (YBX1) at S174 and S176, leading to enhanced SG formation and cell survival. Moreover, expression of the phosphomutant YBX1 S174/176E mimicking hyperphosphorylation in APE1-knockdown cells recovered the impaired SG formation. These findings shed light on the functional importance of APE1 in SG regulation and highlight the importance of YBX1 phosphorylation in SG dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chong Xie
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107, China
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yufeng Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxia Li
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinses Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Gao
- The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinses Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yue Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongkang Zou
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiguo Zheng
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ya Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Xie
- Department of Cancer Center, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Tian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liangyan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuejin Hua
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, Institute of Biophysics, College of Life Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Wang C, Zhou W, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhang X, Jiang C, Jiang M, Cao X. Nuclear translocation of RIG-I promotes cellular apoptosis. J Autoimmun 2022; 130:102840. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2022.102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Luo H, Wang L, Bao D, Wang L, Zhao H, Lian Y, Yan M, Mohan C, Li QZ. Novel Autoantibodies Related to Cell Death and DNA Repair Pathways in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2019; 17:248-259. [PMID: 31494269 PMCID: PMC6818352 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2018.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune syndrome characterized by various co-existing autoantibodies (autoAbs) in patients’ blood. However, the full spectrum of autoAbs in SLE has not been comprehensively elucidated. In this study, a commercial platform bearing 9400 antigens (ProtoArray) was used to identify autoAbs that were significantly elevated in the sera of SLE patients. By comparing the autoAb profiles of SLE patients with those of healthy controls, we identified 437 IgG and 1213 IgM autoAbs that the expression levels were significantly increased in SLE (P < 0.05). Use of the ProtoArray platform uncovered over 300 novel autoAbs targeting a broad range of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and membrane antigens. Molecular interaction network analysis revealed that the antigens targeted by the autoAbs were most significantly enriched in cell death, cell cycle, and DNA repair pathways. A group of autoAbs associated with cell apoptosis and DNA repair function, including those targeting APEX1, AURKA, POLB, AGO1, HMGB1, IFIT5, MAPKAPK3, PADI4, RGS3, SRP19, UBE2S, and VRK1, were further validated by ELISA and Western blot in a larger cohort. In addition, the levels of autoAbs against APEX1, HMGB1, VRK1, AURKA, PADI4, and SRP19 were positively correlated with the level of anti-dsDNA in SLE patients. Comprehensive autoAb screening has identified novel autoAbs, which may shed light on potential pathogenic pathways leading to lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ding Bao
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yun Lian
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mei Yan
- Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Chandra Mohan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77004, USA
| | - Quan-Zhen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Department of Immunology and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Malfatti MC, Gerratana L, Dalla E, Isola M, Damante G, Di Loreto C, Puglisi F, Tell G. APE1 and NPM1 protect cancer cells from platinum compounds cytotoxicity and their expression pattern has a prognostic value in TNBC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:309. [PMID: 31307523 PMCID: PMC6631760 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subgroup characterized by a lack of hormone receptors’ expression and no HER2 overexpression. These molecular features both drastically reduce treatment options and confer poor prognosis. Platinum (Pt)-salts are being investigated as a new therapeutic strategy. The base excision repair (BER) pathway is important for resistance to Pt-based therapies. Overexpression of APE1, a pivotal enzyme of the BER pathway, as well as the expression of NPM1, a functional regulator of APE1, are associated with poor outcome and resistance to Pt-based therapies. Methods We evaluated the role of NPM1, APE1 and altered NPM1/APE1 interaction in the response to Pt-salts treatment in different cell lines: APE1 knockout (KO) cells, NPM1 KO cells, cell line models having an altered APE1/NPM1 interaction and HCC70 and HCC1937 TNBC cell lines, having different levels of APE1/NPM1. We evaluated the TNBC cells response to new chemotherapeutic small molecules targeting the endonuclease activity of APE1 or the APE1/NPM1 interaction, in combination with Pt-salts treatments. Expression levels’ correlation between APE1 and NPM1 and their impact on prognosis was analyzed in a cohort of TNBC patients through immunohistochemistry. Bioinformatics analysis, using TCGA datasets, was performed to predict a molecular signature of cancers based on APE1 and NPM1 expression. Results APE1 and NPM1, and their interaction as well, protect from the cytotoxicity induced by Pt-salts treatment. HCC1937 cells, having higher levels of APE1/NPM1 proteins, are more resistant to Pt-salts treatment compared to the HCC70 cells. A sensitization effect by APE1 inhibitors to Pt-compounds was observed. The association of NPM1/APE1 with cancer gene signatures highlighted alterations concerning cell-cycle dependent proteins. Conclusions APE1 and NPM1 protect cancer cells from Pt-compounds cytotoxicity, suggesting a possible improvement of the activity of Pt-based therapy for TNBC, using the NPM1 and APE1 proteins as secondary therapeutic targets. Based on positive or negative correlation with APE1 and NPM1 gene expression levels, we finally propose several TNBC gene signatures that should deserve further attention for their potential impact on TNBC precision medicine approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1294-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Oncology, ASUI Udine SMM University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Emiliano Dalla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Miriam Isola
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Di Loreto
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Pathology, ASUI Udine SMM University Hospital Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.,Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Piazzale M. Kolbe 4, 33100, Udine, Italy.
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Akhter N, Takeda Y, Nara H, Araki A, Ishii N, Asao N, Asao H. Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Endonuclease 1/Redox Factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1) Modulates Antigen Presenting Cell-mediated T Helper Cell Type 1 Responses. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23672-23680. [PMID: 27637330 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.742353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox factor-1 (Ape1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein possessing DNA repair, redox control, and transcriptional regulatory activities. Although Ape1/Ref-1 plays multiple roles in the immune system, its functions in helper T (Th) cell activation and differentiation are largely unknown. In this study, the function of Ape1/Ref-1 in Th cell activation was analyzed using an Ape1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibitor, E3330. When splenocytes from OT-II mice, which are ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell receptor transgenic mice, were activated with OVA in the presence of E3330, the induction of IFN-γ-producing OT-II T cells was significantly increased. In contrast, E3330 did not enhance IFN-γ production from plate-bound anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated CD4+ T cells in the absence of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Furthermore, E3330-pretreated and OVA-pulsed APCs also enhanced the IFN-γ production from OT-II T cells. These results suggested that E3330 enhances Th1 responses by modifying APC function. E3330 did not alter the surface expression of MHC-II or the co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86 on APCs. On the other hand, E3330 up-regulated the IL-12 p35 and p40 gene expression, and IL-12 surface retention, but decreased the IL-12 secretion from Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-stimulated APCs. These results were confirmed with Ape1/Ref-1 knockdown experiments. Taken together, our findings indicated that the suppression of Ape1/Ref-1 redox function leads to an increased cell surface retention of IL-12 and enhances Th1 responses. This is the first study to demonstrate that Ape1/Ref-1 modulates the IL-12 production and secretion from APCs and controls Th1 immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Akhter
- From the Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585
| | - Yuji Takeda
- From the Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585
| | - Hidetoshi Nara
- From the Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585
| | - Akemi Araki
- From the Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585
| | - Naoto Ishii
- the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-Machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8075, and
| | - Naoki Asao
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hironobu Asao
- From the Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, 2-2-2 Iida-Nishi, Yamagata 990-9585,
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Lou D, Zhu L, Ding H, Dai HY, Zou GM. Aberrant expression of redox protein Ape1 in colon cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2014; 7:1078-1082. [PMID: 24944672 PMCID: PMC3961307 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.1864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ape1 is an important redox protein, essential for specific cytokine-induced signal transduction. Ape1 signaling is also important in regulating the growth of cancer cells, including colon cancer cells. The present study investigated whether Ape1 signaling plays a role in the regulation of colon cancer stem cell (CCSC) growth. The results showed that Ape1 was aberrantly expressed in CCSCs, as determined by quantitative (q)PCR assay. A laser confocal microscopy assay demonstrated that the Ape1 protein was mainly distributed in the nuclei, but not the cytoplasm, of the CSCs. Treatment of CCSCs with Ape1 redox inhibitor (E3330) significantly affected growth in vitro. In colon cancer xenograft mice, in vivo administration of E3330 enhanced tumor responses to the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Furthermore, the combination of E3330 and 5-FU evidently increased the cytotoxicity of 5-FU in CSC growth. In the qPCR assay, the CCSCs were demonstrated to express the dominant ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABC-G2), but not the multidrug resistance 1, genes. Thus, we hypothesized that drug resistance in CCSCs is mediated by ABC-G2. Since CSCs are involved in cancer metastasis, the Ape1 inhibitor may be a potential agent in the inhibition of colon cancer growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debao Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Eighth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200235, P.R. China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, P.R. China
| | - Huawei Ding
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Yan Dai
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Gang-Ming Zou
- Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China ; Shanghai Institute for Pediatrics Research, Xin Hua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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Wang YT, Tzeng DW, Wang CY, Hong JY, Yang JL. APE1/Ref-1 prevents oxidative inactivation of ERK for G1-to-S progression following lead acetate exposure. Toxicology 2013; 305:120-9. [PMID: 23370007 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2013.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1)/redox effector factor-1 is a multifunctional enzyme involved in DNA base excision repair and protein redox regulation. Previously, we have showed that lead acetate (Pb) elicits EGFR activation to initiate the SFK/PKCα/Ras/Raf-1/MKK1/2/ERK signaling cascade functioning against genotoxicity. Here, we explore whether APE1 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) affect ERK signaling and cell cycle progression following Pb exposure. We found that Pb induced APE1 expression and ROS generation in CL3 human lung cancer cells. The Pb-elicited ROS levels and cytotoxicity were further enhanced by introducing small interfering RNA specific for APE1 (siAPE1). E3330, an inhibitor of APE1 redox activity, also augmented the ROS levels and cytotoxicity in Pb-treated cells. Intriguingly, the capability of Pb to activate ERK was abolished under siAPE1 or E3330 co-treatments; conversely, forced expression of APE1 up-regulated the ERK activation by Pb or serum in both Cys65-redox activity dependent and independent manners. Moreover, APE1 formed complex with ERK2, and its redox activity could rescue ERK oxidative inactivation. APE1 redox activity also facilitated the Cyclin D1 expression and G1-to-S progression following Pb exposure. In summary, the results indicate that APE1 is a direct redox regulator of ERK for maintaining the kinase activity to promote cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Laboratory, Institute of Biotechnology & Department of Life Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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