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Zhao R, Ding D, Yu W, Zhu C, Ding Y. The Lung Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment Mining and Its Prognostic Merit. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2020; 19:1533033820977547. [PMID: 33280515 PMCID: PMC7724272 DOI: 10.1177/1533033820977547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As a common pathological type of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is
mainly treated by surgery, chemotherapy, targeted therapy and radiotherapy.
Although a relatively mature treatment system has been established, there
are few studies on the microenvironment of LUAD. Material and Methods: The immune and stromal scores of patients from the LUAD cohort in the TCGA
database were obtained by using ESTIMATE. The relationship of immune and
stromal scores with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall
survival of LUAD patients was assessed by R. GO, KEGG and Cox regression
analyses were employed to analyze intersecting genes and to identify
reliable prognostic markers. The identified genes were also analyzed in the
GEPIA database to assess their correlations with survival, and these
relationships were verified with the Kaplan-Meier Plotter database. Results: The immune score was related to the survival time and tumor topography of
LUAD patients. There was a significant correlation between stromal score and
tumor metastasis. Through multivariate analysis, stage (HR = 1.640, 95% CI =
1.019-2.642, P = 0.042) and risk score (HR = 1.036, 95% CI
= 1.026-1.046, P < 0.001). The genes (ARHGAP15, BTLA,
CASS4, CLECL1, FAM129C, STAP1, TESPA1, and S100P) showed credible prognostic
value in LUAD patients in TCGA through GEPIA database online analysis and
verification in the Kaplan-Meier plotter database. Conclusions: In the microenvironment of lung adenocarcinoma, the differentially expressed
genes screened by immune score and stromal score have certain value in
evaluating the survival/prognosis of patients, as well as the invasion and
progression of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Taixing people's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Taixing, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Taixing people's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Taixing, China
| | - Wenyan Yu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunrong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Oncology, Taixing people's Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Taixing, China
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Abstract
Thymocyte selection involves the positive and negative selection of the repertoire of T cell receptors (TCRs) such that the organism does not suffer autoimmunity, yet has the benefit of the ability to recognize any invading pathogen. The signal transduced through the TCR is translated into a number of different signaling cascades that result in transcription factor activity in the nucleus and changes to the cytoskeleton and motility. Negative selection involves inducing apoptosis in thymocytes that express strongly self-reactive TCRs, whereas positive selection must induce survival and differentiation programs in cells that are more weakly self-reactive. The TCR recognition event is analog by nature, but the outcome of signaling is not. A large number of molecules regulate the strength of the TCR-derived signal at various points in the cascades. This review discusses the various factors that can regulate the strength of the TCR signal during thymocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11759;
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, REGA Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, and Immunology Program, National University of Singapore, Singapore 11759;
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Wang D, Zheng M, Qiu Y, Guo C, Ji J, Lei L, Zhang X, Liang J, Lou J, Huang W, Dong B, Wu S, Wang J, Ke Y, Cao X, Zhou YT, Lu L. Tespa1 negatively regulates FcεRI-mediated signaling and the mast cell-mediated allergic response. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 211:2635-49. [PMID: 25422497 PMCID: PMC4267239 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20140470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-mediated cross-linking of IgE on mast cells triggers a signaling cascade that results in their degranulation and proinflammatory cytokine production, which are key effectors in allergic reactions. We show that the activation of mast cells is negatively regulated by the newly identified adaptor protein Tespa1. Loss of Tespa1 in mouse mast cells led to hyper-responsiveness to stimulation via FcεRI. Mice lacking Tespa1 also displayed increased sensitivity to IgE-mediated allergic responses. The dysregulated signaling in KO mast cells was associated with increased activation of Grb2-PLC-γ1-SLP-76 signaling within the LAT1 (linker for activation of T cells family, member 1) signalosome versus the LAT2 signalosome. Collectively, these findings show that Tespa1 orchestrates mast cell activation by tuning the balance of LAT1 and LAT2 signalosome assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Mingzhu Zheng
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanjun Qiu
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chuansheng Guo
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jian Ji
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jingjing Liang
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Lou
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bowen Dong
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Medical College of Lishui University, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Jianli Wang
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuetao Cao
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology and National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi Ting Zhou
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Linrong Lu
- Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China Institute of Immunology, Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Fu G, Rybakin V, Brzostek J, Paster W, Acuto O, Gascoigne NRJ. Fine-tuning T cell receptor signaling to control T cell development. Trends Immunol 2014; 35:311-8. [PMID: 24951034 PMCID: PMC4119814 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
T cell development from immature CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes to the mature CD4 or CD8 single-positive (SP) stage requires proper T cell receptor (TCR) signaling. The current working model of thymocyte development is that the strength of the TCR-mediated signal - from little-or-none, through intermediate, to strong - received by the immature cells determines whether they will undergo death by neglect, positive selection, or negative selection, respectively. In recent years, several developmentally regulated, stage-specifically expressed proteins and miRNAs have been found that act like fine-tuners for signal transduction and propagation downstream of the TCR. This allows them to govern thymocyte positive selection. Here, we summarize recent findings on these molecules and suggest new concepts of TCR positive-selection signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Vasily Rybakin
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597
| | - Joanna Brzostek
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597
| | - Wolfgang Paster
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Oreste Acuto
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117597.
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