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Scognamiglio PL, Di Natale C, Leone M, Cascella R, Cecchi C, Lirussi L, Antoniali G, Riccardi D, Morelli G, Tell G, Chiti F, Marasco D. Destabilisation, aggregation, toxicity and cytosolic mislocalisation of nucleophosmin regions associated with acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:59129-59143. [PMID: 27494862 PMCID: PMC5312300 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a multifunctional protein that is implicated in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. To gain insight into the role of isolated fragments of NPM1 in its biological activities, we dissected the C-terminal domain (CTD) into its helical fragments. Here we focus the attention on the third helix of the NPM1-CTD in its wild-type (H3 wt) and AML-mutated (H3 mutA and H3 mutE) sequences. Conformational studies, by means of CD and NMR spectroscopies, showed that the H3 wt peptide was partially endowed with an α-helical structure, but the AML-sequences exhibited a lower content of this conformation, particularly the H3 mutA peptide. Thioflavin T assays showed that the H3 mutE and the H3 mutA peptides displayed a significant aggregation propensity that was confirmed by CD and DLS assays. In addition, we found that the H3 mutE and H3 mutA peptides, unlike the H3 wt, were moderately and highly toxic, respectively, when exposed to human neuroblastoma cells. Cellular localization experiments confirmed that the mutated sequences hamper their nucleolar accumulation, and more importantly, that the helical conformation of the H3 region is crucial for such a localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi-University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM-Scarl, 80134, Naples, Italy
- Permanent address: Center for Advanced Biomaterials for Health Care@CRIB Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 80125, Napoli, Italy
| | - Concetta Di Natale
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi-University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM-Scarl, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging - CNR, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lisa Lirussi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
- Permanent address: Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Oslo and Akershus University Hospital, Nordbyhagen, 1474, Norway
| | - Giulia Antoniali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Domenico Riccardi
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi-University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM-Scarl, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi-University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM-Scarl, 80134, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Tell
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and DNA repair, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- Section of Biochemistry, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB: Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi-University of Naples “Federico II”, DFM-Scarl, 80134, Naples, Italy
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3
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Di Natale C, Scognamiglio PL, Cascella R, Cecchi C, Russo A, Leone M, Penco A, Relini A, Federici L, Di Matteo A, Chiti F, Vitagliano L, Marasco D. Nucleophosmin contains amyloidogenic regions that are able to form toxic aggregates under physiological conditions. FASEB J 2015; 29:3689-701. [PMID: 25977257 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-269522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM)-1 is a multifunctional protein involved in a variety of biologic processes and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human malignancies. To gain insight into the role of isolated fragments in NPM1 activities, we dissected the C-terminal domain (CTD) into its helical fragments. In this study, we observed the unexpected structural behavior of the peptide fragment corresponding to helix (H)2 (residues 264-277). This peptide has a strong tendency to form amyloidlike assemblies endowed with fibrillar morphology and β-sheet structure, under physiologic conditions, as shown by circular dichroism, thioflavin T, and Congo red binding assays; dynamic light scattering; and atomic force microscopy. The aggregates are also toxic to neuroblastoma cells, as determined using 3-(4;5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction and Ca(2+) influx assays. We also found that the extension of the H2 sequence beyond its N terminus, comprising the connecting loop with H1, delayed aggregation and its associated cytotoxicity, suggesting that contiguous regions of H2 have a protective role in preventing aggregation. Our findings and those in the literature suggest that the helical structures present in the CTD are important in preventing harmful aggregation. These findings could elucidate the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) caused by NPM1 mutants. Because the CTD is not properly folded in these mutants, we hypothesize that the aggregation propensity of this NPM1 region is involved in the pathogenesis of AML. Preliminary assays on NPM1-Cter-MutA, the most frequent AML-CTD mutation, revealed its significant propensity for aggregation. Thus, the aggregation phenomena should be seriously considered in studies aimed at unveiling the molecular mechanisms of this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Di Natale
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Pasqualina Liana Scognamiglio
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Cascella
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Cecchi
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Russo
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Marilisa Leone
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Amanda Penco
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Chiti
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Vitagliano
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Marasco
- *Department of Pharmacy, Diagnostica e Farmaceutica Molecolari-Società Cooperativa a Responsabilità Limitata, Centro Interuniversitario di Ricerca sui Peptidi Bioattivi, University of Naples "Federico II," Naples, Italy; Section of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio," University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy; Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti "G. d'Annunzio," Chieti, Italy; and Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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6
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Arcovito A, Chiarella S, Della Longa S, Di Matteo A, Lo Sterzo C, Scaglione GL, Federici L. Synergic role of nucleophosmin three-helix bundle and a flanking unstructured tail in the interaction with G-quadruplex DNA. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:21230-41. [PMID: 24952945 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.565010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleophosmin (NPM1) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, mainly localized at nucleoli, that plays a number of functions in ribosome biogenesis and export, cell cycle control, and response to stress stimuli. NPM1 is the most frequently mutated gene in acute myeloid leukemia; mutations map to the C-terminal domain of the protein and cause its denaturation and aberrant cytoplasmic translocation. NPM1 C-terminal domain binds G-quadruplex regions at ribosomal DNA and at gene promoters, including the well characterized sequence from the nuclease-hypersensitive element III region of the c-MYC promoter. These activities are lost by the leukemic variant. Here we analyze the NPM1/G-quadruplex interaction, focusing on residues belonging to both the NPM1 terminal three-helix bundle and a lysine-rich unstructured tail, which has been shown to be necessary for high affinity recognition. We performed extended site-directed mutagenesis and measured binding rate constants through surface plasmon resonance analysis. These data, supported by molecular dynamics simulations, suggest that the unstructured tail plays a double role in the reaction mechanism. On the one hand, it facilitates the formation of an encounter complex through long range electrostatic interactions; on the other hand, it directly contacts the G-quadruplex scaffold through multiple and transient electrostatic interactions, significantly enlarging the contact surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arcovito
- From the Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Chiarella
- Ce.S.I. Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, "Fondazione Università D'Annunzio," 66013 Chieti, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Della Longa
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica, Sanità Pubblica, Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università dell'Aquila, 67100 Coppito (L'Aquila), Italy
| | - Adele Di Matteo
- Istituto di Biologia, Medicina Molecolare e NanoBiotecnologie, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00185 Rome, Italy, and
| | - Carlo Lo Sterzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Luca Scaglione
- From the Istituto di Biochimica e Biochimica Clinica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Federici
- Ce.S.I. Centro Scienze dell'Invecchiamento, "Fondazione Università D'Annunzio," 66013 Chieti, Italy, Dipartimento di Scienze Sperimentali e Cliniche, Università di Chieti "G. D'Annunzio," 66013 Chieti, Italy
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