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The pluripotent stem cell-specific transcript ESRG is dispensable for human pluripotency. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009587. [PMID: 34033652 PMCID: PMC8184003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) express human endogenous retrovirus type-H (HERV-H), which exists as more than a thousand copies on the human genome and frequently produces chimeric transcripts as long-non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) fused with downstream neighbor genes. Previous studies showed that HERV-H expression is required for the maintenance of PSC identity, and aberrant HERV-H expression attenuates neural differentiation potentials, however, little is known about the actual of function of HERV-H. In this study, we focused on ESRG, which is known as a PSC-related HERV-H-driven lncRNA. The global transcriptome data of various tissues and cell lines and quantitative expression analysis of PSCs showed that ESRG expression is much higher than other HERV-Hs and tightly silenced after differentiation. However, the loss of function by the complete excision of the entire ESRG gene body using a CRISPR/Cas9 platform revealed that ESRG is dispensable for the maintenance of the primed and naïve pluripotent states. The loss of ESRG hardly affected the global gene expression of PSCs or the differentiation potential toward trilineage. Differentiated cells derived from ESRG-deficient PSCs retained the potential to be reprogrammed into induced PSCs (iPSCs) by the forced expression of OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4. In conclusion, ESRG is dispensable for the maintenance and recapturing of human pluripotency. We have been interested in the role of human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs) in human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Although we and others have demonstrated that HERV expression is crucial for somatic cell reprogramming to a pluripotent state and the characteristics of PSCs. Little is known which one of more than 1,000 copies of HERVs is important. Thus, in this study, we focused on a HERV-related gene, ESRG which is expressed strongly and specifically in human PSCs but not in differentiated cells. Using a CRISPR/Cas9 platform, we generated complete knockout cell lines by deleting the entire gene body of ESRG. Our results demonstrate that ESRG is dispensable for the PSC characters such as gene expression, self-renewing capacity, and differentiation potential. In addition, ESRG does not contribute to the reprogramming of differentiated cells to a pluripotent state. Altogether, we concluded that ESRG is an excellent marker of pluripotency but dispensable for the PSC identity.
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Liu H, Li S, Ren C, Liu W, Zhu B, Wang L, Xu H, Xie W, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Luo L, Jiang X. Generation of an ESRG Pr-tdTomato reporter human embryonic stem cell line, CSUe011-A, using CRISPR/Cas9 editing. Stem Cell Res 2020; 48:101983. [PMID: 32919352 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.101983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ESRG was first identified in our previous study. It is highly expressed in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), whereas it is significantly down-regulated in differentiated cells and is undetectable in adult tissues. To develop an hESC line for monitoring the expression of ESRG for further study of its function, we used gene editing techniques to insert fusion sequences of ESRG promoter and tdTomato fluorescent protein gene into the AAVS1 human safe harbor locus. The gene-edited line had a normal karyotype, expressed pluripotency markers and differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Laboratory of Stem Cell & Retinal Regeneration, Institute of Stem Cell Research, Division of Ophthalmic Genetics, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjuan Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China; Key Laboratory of Biological Nanotechnology of National Health Commission, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wen Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Zuo
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health and the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Longlong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China.
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Cancer Research Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, School of Basic Medical Science, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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Rand TA, Sutou K, Tanabe K, Jeong D, Nomura M, Kitaoka F, Tomoda E, Narita M, Nakamura M, Nakamura M, Watanabe A, Rulifson E, Yamanaka S, Takahashi K. MYC Releases Early Reprogrammed Human Cells from Proliferation Pause via Retinoblastoma Protein Inhibition. Cell Rep 2019; 23:361-375. [PMID: 29641997 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that MYC rescues early human cells undergoing reprogramming from a proliferation pause induced by OCT3/4, SOX2, and KLF4 (OSK). We identified ESRG as a marker of early reprogramming cells that is expressed as early as day 3 after OSK induction. On day 4, ESRG positive (+) cells converted to a TRA-1-60 (+) intermediate state. These early ESRG (+) or TRA-1-60 (+) cells showed a proliferation pause due to increased p16INK4A and p21 and decreased endogenous MYC caused by OSK. Exogenous MYC did not enhance the appearance of initial reprogramming cells but instead reactivated their proliferation and improved reprogramming efficiency. MYC increased expression of LIN41, which potently suppressed p21 post-transcriptionally. MYC suppressed p16 INK4A. These changes inactivated retinoblastoma protein (RB) and reactivated proliferation. The RB-regulated proliferation pause does not occur in immortalized fibroblasts, leading to high reprogramming efficiency even without exogenous MYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim A Rand
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Kenta Sutou
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Tanabe
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daeun Jeong
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kitaoka
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Emi Tomoda
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Megumi Narita
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Michiko Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakamura
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Eric Rulifson
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Kazutoshi Takahashi
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
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Thomas J, Perron H, Feschotte C. Variation in proviral content among human genomes mediated by LTR recombination. Mob DNA 2018; 9:36. [PMID: 30568734 PMCID: PMC6298018 DOI: 10.1186/s13100-018-0142-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) occupy a substantial fraction of the genome and impact cellular function with both beneficial and deleterious consequences. The vast majority of HERV sequences descend from ancient retroviral families no longer capable of infection or genomic propagation. In fact, most are no longer represented by full-length proviruses but by solitary long terminal repeats (solo LTRs) that arose via non-allelic recombination events between the two LTRs of a proviral insertion. Because LTR-LTR recombination events may occur long after proviral insertion but are challenging to detect in resequencing data, we hypothesize that this mechanism is a source of genomic variation in the human population that remains vastly underestimated. Results We developed a computational pipeline specifically designed to capture dimorphic proviral/solo HERV allelic variants from short-read genome sequencing data. When applied to 279 individuals sequenced as part of the Simons Genome Diversity Project, the pipeline retrieves most of the dimorphic loci previously reported for the HERV-K(HML2) subfamily as well as dozens of additional candidates, including members of the HERV-H and HERV-W families previously involved in human development and disease. We experimentally validate several of these newly discovered dimorphisms, including the first reported instance of an unfixed HERV-W provirus and an HERV-H locus driving a transcript (ESRG) implicated in the maintenance of embryonic stem cell pluripotency. Conclusions Our findings indicate that human proviral content exhibit more extensive interindividual variation than previously recognized, which has important bearings for deciphering the contribution of HERVs to human physiology and disease. Because LTR retroelements and LTR recombination are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, our computational pipeline should facilitate the mapping of this type of genomic variation for a wide range of organisms. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13100-018-0142-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jainy Thomas
- 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North 2030 East, Rm 5100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Hervé Perron
- GeNeuro, Plan-les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland.,3Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Cédric Feschotte
- 4Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, 107 Biotechnology Building, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
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Dinan AM, Atkins JF, Firth AE. ASXL gain-of-function truncation mutants: defective and dysregulated forms of a natural ribosomal frameshifting product? Biol Direct 2017; 12:24. [PMID: 29037253 PMCID: PMC5644247 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-017-0195-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Programmed ribosomal frameshifting (PRF) is a gene expression mechanism which enables the translation of two N-terminally coincident, C-terminally distinct protein products from a single mRNA. Many viruses utilize PRF to control or regulate gene expression, but very few phylogenetically conserved examples are known in vertebrate genes. Additional sex combs-like (ASXL) genes 1 and 2 encode important epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory proteins that control the expression of homeotic genes during key developmental stages. Here we describe an ~150-codon overlapping ORF (termed TF) in ASXL1 and ASXL2 that, with few exceptions, is conserved throughout vertebrates. RESULTS Conservation of the TF ORF, strong suppression of synonymous site variation in the overlap region, and the completely conserved presence of an EH[N/S]Y motif (a known binding site for Host Cell Factor-1, HCF-1, an epigenetic regulatory factor), all indicate that TF is a protein-coding sequence. A highly conserved UCC_UUU_CGU sequence (identical to the known site of +1 ribosomal frameshifting for influenza virus PA-X expression) occurs at the 5' end of the region of enhanced synonymous site conservation in ASXL1. Similarly, a highly conserved RG_GUC_UCU sequence (identical to a known site of -2 ribosomal frameshifting for arterivirus nsp2TF expression) occurs at the 5' end of the region of enhanced synonymous site conservation in ASXL2. CONCLUSIONS Due to a lack of appropriate splice forms, or initiation sites, the most plausible mechanism for translation of the ASXL1 and 2 TF regions is ribosomal frameshifting, resulting in a transframe fusion of the N-terminal half of ASXL1 or 2 to the TF product, termed ASXL-TF. Truncation or frameshift mutants of ASXL are linked to myeloid malignancies and genetic diseases, such as Bohring-Opitz syndrome, likely at least in part as a result of gain-of-function or dominant-negative effects. Our hypothesis now indicates that these disease-associated mutant forms represent overexpressed defective versions of ASXL-TF. REVIEWERS This article was reviewed by Laurence Hurst and Eugene Koonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M Dinan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - John F Atkins
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, T12 YT57, Cork, Ireland.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Andrew E Firth
- Department of Pathology, Division of Virology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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Römer C, Singh M, Hurst LD, Izsvák Z. How to tame an endogenous retrovirus: HERVH and the evolution of human pluripotency. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 25:49-58. [PMID: 28750248 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HERVH is one of the most successful endogenous retrovirus in the human genome. Relative to other endogenous retroviruses, slower degradation of HERVH internal sequences indicates their potential relevance for the host. HERVH is transcriptionally active during human preimplantation embryogenesis. In this review, we focus on the role of HERVH in regulating human pluripotency. The HERVH-mediated pluripotency network has been evolved recently in primates. Nevertheless, it became an essential feature of human pluripotency. We discuss how HERVH modulates the human pluripotency network by providing alternative transcription factor binding sites, functioning as a long-range enhancer, and as being a major source for pluripotency specific long non-coding RNAs and chimeric transcripts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Römer
- Mobile DNA, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manvendra Singh
- Mobile DNA, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laurence D Hurst
- Mobile DNA, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Mobile DNA, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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Liu H, Ren C, Liu W, Jiang X, Wang L, Zhu B, Jia W, Lin J, Tan J, Liu X. Embryotoxicity estimation of commonly used compounds with embryonic stem cell test. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:263-271. [PMID: 28487962 PMCID: PMC5482095 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The embryonic stem cell test (EST), an alternative model to animal studies, is a reliable and scientifically validated in vitro system for testing embryotoxicity. In contrast to most in vivo animal tests, two permanent cell lines, murine fibroblasts (BALB/c-3T3 cells) and murine embryonic stem cells (mES-D3 cells), are used in EST instead of animals in standard tests of toxicity. The embryotoxic potential of compounds (non, weak or strong embryotoxicity) may be obtained with a biostatistics-based prediction model and calculated from three different experimental endpoint values: The potency to inhibit growth of i) BALB/c-3T3 cells and ii) mES-D3 cells (IC503T3 and IC50ES) as presented using a cell cytotoxicity assay, and iii) the potency to inhibit differentiation of mES-D3 cells into contracting cardiomyocytes (ID50 D3) as demonstrated in a mES-D3 cell differentiation assay. In the present study, a model of EST with mES-D3 cells and BALB/c-3T3 cells was established, according to the standard EST system of the EU Center for the Validation of Alternative Methods, and verified it with 5-fluorouracil (strong embryotoxicity) as a positive control and penicillin G (non-embryotoxic) as a negative control. In addition, the authors further assessed the embryotoxicity of four compounds (eugenol, carnosic acid, procyanidin and dioctyl phthalate) with this model. The embryotoxic potentials of the four compounds were successfully classified by the EST system. Eugenol exhibited strong embryotoxicity, carnosic acid and dioctyl phthalate exhibited weak embryotoxicity, while procyanidin exhibited non-embryotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Wei Jia
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jianxing Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, P.R. China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Xiuying Liu
- Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changsha, Hunan 410005, P.R. China
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Liu H, Ren C, Zhu B, Wang L, Liu W, Shi J, Lin J, Xia X, Zeng F, Chen J, Jiang X. High-Efficient Transfection of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Single-Cell Plating and Starvation. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:477-91. [PMID: 26772602 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the low efficiency of small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA (pDNA) transfection is a critical issue in genetic manipulation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells. Development of an efficient transfection method for delivery of siRNAs and plasmids into hES cells becomes more and more imperative. In this study, we tried to modify the traditional transfection protocol by introducing two crucial processes, single-cell plating and starvation, to increase the transfection efficiency in hES cells. Furthermore, we comparatively examined the transfection efficiency of some commercially available siRNA or pDNA transfection reagents in hES cells. Our results showed that the new developed method markedly enhanced the transfection efficiency without influencing the proliferation and pluripotency of hES cells. Lipofectamine RNAiMAX exhibited much higher siRNA transfection efficiency than the other reagents, and FuGENE HD was identified as the best suitable reagent for efficient pDNA transfection of hES cells among the tested reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Caiping Ren
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Liu
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Shi
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxing Lin
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- 2 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Zeng
- 3 Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- 1 Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- 4 Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University , Changsha, People's Republic of China
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Shi J, Ren C, Liu H, Wang L, Zhu B, Huang W, Liu W, Liu J, Liu Y, Xia X, Xu R, Jiang X. An ESRG-interacting protein, COXII, is involved in pro-apoptosis of human embryonic stem cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:130-5. [PMID: 25748575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells(hESC) posses very promising application perspective in clinical transplant therapies for their characteristics of self-renewal and pluripotency. So efforts focusing on the mechanisms of the two characteristics are extremely important. ESRG, first identified by our group, is a candidate stemness gene of hESC for its much higher expression level in hESC comparing to that in 7-day embryoid bodies(EBs). Here, the proteins interacted with ESRG and its functions in hESC were explored. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening system was adopted to explore the interacting proteins of ESRG. Then Co-IP was performed to confirm the interactions between candidate proteins and ESRG. At last, the functions of validated interacting protein were explored by RNA interference(RNAi) and Western blot(WB). There were no autonomous activation and toxicity in the Y2H system, which verified its availability. Four candidate proteins, AAMP, DDT, GNB2L1 and COXII, were discovered, and the interaction between ESRG and COXII was ultimately confirmed. The expression of COXII in hESC was suppressed by siRNA, and the inhibited mitochondrial apoptosis was observed in hESC with downregulated COXII expression. Our work first validated the interaction between ESRG and COXII, and demonstrated that COXII serves as a pro-apoptotic protein in hESC. The results implied that ESRG may play an important role in regulating the apoptosis of hESC by interacting with COXII, and thus contribute a lot to the maintenance of hESC characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Caiping Ren
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
| | - Hui Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Lei Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Wei Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Weidong Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Jie Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yanyu Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xiaomeng Xia
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Rong Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis of Chinese Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Xiangya Road 110, 410078 Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Xingjun Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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