1
|
Conservation of A-to-I RNA editing in bowhead whale and pig. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260081. [PMID: 34882682 PMCID: PMC8659423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process in which nucleotide changes are introduced into an RNA sequence, many of which can contribute to proteomic sequence variation. The most common type of RNA editing, contributing to nearly 99% of all editing events in RNA, is A-to-I (adenosine-to-inosine) editing mediated by double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase (ADAR) enzymes. A-to-I editing at 'recoding' sites results in non-synonymous substitutions in protein-coding sequences. Here, we present studies of the conservation of A-to-I editing in selected mRNAs between pigs, bowhead whales, humans and two shark species. All examined mRNAs-NEIL1, COG3, GRIA2, FLNA, FLNB, IGFBP7, AZIN1, BLCAP, GLI1, SON, HTR2C and ADAR2 -showed conservation of A-to-I editing of recoding sites. In addition, novel editing sites were identified in NEIL1 and GLI1 in bowhead whales. The A-to-I editing site of human NEIL1 in position 242 was conserved in the bowhead and porcine homologues. A novel editing site was discovered in Tyr244. Differential editing was detected at the two adenosines in the NEIL1 242 codon in both pig and bowhead NEIL1 mRNAs in various tissues and organs. No conservation of editing of KCNB1 and EEF1A mRNAs was seen in bowhead whales. In silico analyses revealed conservation of five adenosines in ADAR2, some of which are subject to A-to-I editing in bowheads and pigs, and conservation of a regulatory sequence in GRIA2 mRNA that is responsible for recognition of the ADAR editing enzyme.
Collapse
|
2
|
Vinogradov AE, Anatskaya OV. Systemic evolutionary changes in mammalian gene expression. Biosystems 2020; 198:104256. [PMID: 32976926 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2020.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Changes in gene expression play an important role in evolution and can be relevant to evolutionary medicine. In this work, a strong relationship was found between the statistical significance of evolutionary changes in the expression of orthologous genes in the five or six homologous mammalian tissues and the across-tissues unidirectionality of changes (i.e., they occur in the same direction in different tissues -- all upward or all downward). In the area of highly significant changes, the fraction of unidirectionally changed genes (UCG) was above 0.9 (random expectation is 0.03). This observation indicates that the most pronounced evolutionary changes in mammalian gene expression are systemic (i.e., they operate at the whole-organism level). The UCG are strongly enriched in the housekeeping genes. More specifically, in the human-chimpanzee comparison, the UCG are enriched in the pathways belonging to gene expression (translation is prominent), cell cycle control, ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation (mostly related to cell cycle control), apoptosis, and Parkinson's disease. In the human-macaque comparison, the two other neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Huntington's) are added to the enriched pathways. The consolidation of gene expression changes at the level of pathways indicates that they are not neutral but functional. The systemic expression changes probably maintain the across-tissues balance of basic physiological processes in the course of evolution (e.g., during the movement along the fast-slow life axis). These results can be useful for understanding the variation in longevity and susceptibility to cancer and widespread neurodegenerative diseases. This approach can also guide the choice of prospective genes for studies aiming to decipher cis-regulatory code (the gene list is provided).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga V Anatskaya
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Haney RA, Matte T, Forsyth FS, Garb JE. Alternative Transcription at Venom Genes and Its Role as a Complementary Mechanism for the Generation of Venom Complexity in the Common House Spider. Front Ecol Evol 2019; 7. [PMID: 31431897 PMCID: PMC6700725 DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex composition of venom, a proteinaceous secretion used by
diverse animal groups for predation or defense, is typically viewed as being
driven by gene duplication in conjunction with positive selection, leading to
large families of diversified toxins with selective venom gland expression. Yet,
the production of alternative transcripts at venom genes is often overlooked as
another potentially important process that could contribute proteins to venom,
and requires comprehensive datasets integrating genome and transcriptome
sequences together with proteomic characterization of venom to be fully
documented. In the common house spider, Parasteatoda
tepidariorum, we used RNA sequencing of four tissue types in
conjunction with the sequenced genome to provide a comprehensive transcriptome
annotation. We also used mass spectrometry to identify a minimum of 99 distinct
proteins in P tepidariorum venom, including at least 33
latrotoxins, pore-forming neurotoxins shared with the confamilial black widow.
We found that venom proteins are much more likely to come from multiple
transcript genes, whose transcripts produced distinct protein sequences. The
presence of multiple distinct proteins in venom from transcripts at individual
genes was confirmed for eight loci by mass spectrometry, and is possible at 21
others. Alternative transcripts from the same gene, whether encoding or not
encoding a protein found in venom, showed a range of expression patterns, but
were not necessarily restricted to the venom gland. However, approximately half
of venom protein encoding transcripts were found among the 1,318 transcripts
with strongly venom gland biased expression. Our findings revealed an important
role for alternative transcription in generating venom protein complexity and
expanded the traditional model of venom evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Haney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Taylor Matte
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Medical, Boston, MA, United States
| | - FitzAnthony S Forsyth
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| | - Jessica E Garb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Palasca O, Santos A, Stolte C, Gorodkin J, Jensen LJ. TISSUES 2.0: an integrative web resource on mammalian tissue expression. DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION 2018; 2018:4851151. [PMID: 29617745 PMCID: PMC5808782 DOI: 10.1093/database/bay003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Physiological and molecular similarities between organisms make it possible to translate findings from simpler experimental systems—model organisms—into more complex ones, such as human. This translation facilitates the understanding of biological processes under normal or disease conditions. Researchers aiming to identify the similarities and differences between organisms at the molecular level need resources collecting multi-organism tissue expression data. We have developed a database of gene–tissue associations in human, mouse, rat and pig by integrating multiple sources of evidence: transcriptomics covering all four species and proteomics (human only), manually curated and mined from the scientific literature. Through a scoring scheme, these associations are made comparable across all sources of evidence and across organisms. Furthermore, the scoring produces a confidence score assigned to each of the associations. The TISSUES database (version 2.0) is publicly accessible through a user-friendly web interface and as part of the STRING app for Cytoscape. In addition, we analyzed the agreement between datasets, across and within organisms, and identified that the agreement is mainly affected by the quality of the datasets rather than by the technologies used or organisms compared. Database URL: http://tissues.jensenlab.org/
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oana Palasca
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alberto Santos
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Juhl Jensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei K, Zhang T, Ma L. Divergent and convergent evolution of housekeeping genes in human-pig lineage. PeerJ 2018; 6:e4840. [PMID: 29844985 PMCID: PMC5971102 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Housekeeping genes are ubiquitously expressed and maintain basic cellular functions across tissue/cell type conditions. The present study aimed to develop a set of pig housekeeping genes and compare the structure, evolution and function of housekeeping genes in the human–pig lineage. By using RNA sequencing data, we identified 3,136 pig housekeeping genes. Compared with human housekeeping genes, we found that pig housekeeping genes were longer and subjected to slightly weaker purifying selection pressure and faster neutral evolution. Common housekeeping genes, shared by the two species, achieve stronger purifying selection than species-specific genes. However, pig- and human-specific housekeeping genes have similar functions. Some species-specific housekeeping genes have evolved independently to form similar protein active sites or structure, such as the classical catalytic serine–histidine–aspartate triad, implying that they have converged for maintaining the basic cellular function, which allows them to adapt to the environment. Human and pig housekeeping genes have varied structures and gene lists, but they have converged to maintain basic cellular functions essential for the existence of a cell, regardless of its specific role in the species. The results of our study shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of housekeeping genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wei
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Lei Ma
- College of Life Science, Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan AM, Grant AH, Martinez A, Burns GAPC, Thatcher BS, Anekonda VT, Thompson BW, Roberts ZS, Moralejo DH, Blevins JE. Mapping Molecular Datasets Back to the Brain Regions They are Extracted from: Remembering the Native Countries of Hypothalamic Expatriates and Refugees. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2018; 21:101-193. [PMID: 30334222 PMCID: PMC6310046 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-94593-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This article focuses on approaches to link transcriptomic, proteomic, and peptidomic datasets mined from brain tissue to the original locations within the brain that they are derived from using digital atlas mapping techniques. We use, as an example, the transcriptomic, proteomic and peptidomic analyses conducted in the mammalian hypothalamus. Following a brief historical overview, we highlight studies that have mined biochemical and molecular information from the hypothalamus and then lay out a strategy for how these data can be linked spatially to the mapped locations in a canonical brain atlas where the data come from, thereby allowing researchers to integrate these data with other datasets across multiple scales. A key methodology that enables atlas-based mapping of extracted datasets-laser-capture microdissection-is discussed in detail, with a view of how this technology is a bridge between systems biology and systems neuroscience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arshad M Khan
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA.
| | - Alice H Grant
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Anais Martinez
- UTEP Systems Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
- Graduate Program in Pathobiology, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA
| | - Gully A P C Burns
- Information Sciences Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - Brendan S Thatcher
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vishwanath T Anekonda
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Thompson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary S Roberts
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Daniel H Moralejo
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James E Blevins
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Office of Research and Development Medical Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marx H, Hahne H, Ulbrich SE, Schnieke A, Rottmann O, Frishman D, Kuster B. Annotation of the Domestic Pig Genome by Quantitative Proteogenomics. J Proteome Res 2017. [PMID: 28625053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pig is one of the earliest domesticated animals in the history of human civilization and represents one of the most important livestock animals. The recent sequencing of the Sus scrofa genome was a major step toward the comprehensive understanding of porcine biology, evolution, and its utility as a promising large animal model for biomedical and xenotransplantation research. However, the functional and structural annotation of the Sus scrofa genome is far from complete. Here, we present mass spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics data of nine juvenile organs and six embryonic stages between 18 and 39 days after gestation. We found that the data provide evidence for and improve the annotation of 8176 protein-coding genes including 588 novel and 321 refined gene models. The analysis of tissue-specific proteins and the temporal expression profiles of embryonic proteins provides an initial functional characterization of expressed protein interaction networks and modules including as yet uncharacterized proteins. Comparative transcript and protein expression analysis to human organs reveal a moderate conservation of protein translation across species. We anticipate that this resource will facilitate basic and applied research on Sus scrofa as well as its porcine relatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dmitrij Frishman
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology , German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,St Petersburg State Polytechnical University , St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich , Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
A-to-I RNA editing of the IGFBP7 transcript increases during aging in porcine brain tissues. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:596-601. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
9
|
Larsen K, Momeni J, Farajzadeh L, Callesen H, Bendixen C. Molecular characterization and analysis of the porcine NURR1 gene. BIOCHIMIE OPEN 2016; 3:26-39. [PMID: 29450128 PMCID: PMC5801910 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopen.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Orphan receptor NURR1 (also termed NR4A2) belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily and functions as a regulatory factor of differentiation, migration, maturation and maintenance of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. NURR1 plays an important role in nigrostriatal dopamine neuron development and is therefore implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases linked to the dopamine system of the midbrain. Here we report the isolation and characterization of porcine NURR1 cDNA. The NURR1 cDNA was RT-PCR cloned using NURR1-specific oligonucleotide primers derived from in silico sequences. The porcine NURR1 cDNA encodes a polypeptide of 598 amino acids, displaying a very high similarity with bovine, human and mouse (99%) NURR1 protein. Expression analysis revealed a differential NURR1 mRNA expression in various organs and tissues. NURR1 transcripts could be detected as early as at 60 days of embryo development in different brain tissues. A significant increase in NURR1 transcript in the cerebellum and a decrease in NURR1 transcript in the basal ganglia was observed during embryo development. The porcine NURR1 gene was mapped to chromosome 15. Two missense mutations were found in exon 3, the first coding exon of NURR1. Methylation analysis of the porcine NURR1 gene body revealed a high methylation degree in brain tissue, whereas methylation of the promoter was very low. A decrease in DNA methylation in a discrete region of the NURR1 promoter was observed in pig frontal cortex during pig embryo development. This observation correlated with an increase in NURR1 transcripts. Therefore, methylation might be a determinant of NURR1 expression at certain time points in embryo development. The porcine NURR1 gene was cloned and characterized. NURR1 transcript was detected early in pig embryo brain development. Methylation status of NURR1 may be a determinant for its expression.
Collapse
Key Words
- CNS, central nervous system
- DAN, dopaminergic neuron
- DAT, dopamin transporter
- DBD, DNA binding domain
- DNA methylation
- GAPDH, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
- NTD, N-terminal domain
- NURR1
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- Parkinson's disease
- Pig
- RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
- SNP
- SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism
- TSS, transcription start site
- Transcription factor
- UTR, untranslated region
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jamal Momeni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Henrik Callesen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christian Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Larsen K, Momeni J, Farajzadeh L, Bendixen C. Porcine SLITRK1: Molecular cloning and characterization. FEBS Open Bio 2014; 4:872-8. [PMID: 25379384 PMCID: PMC4215120 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2014.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the porcine SLITRK1 gene is reported. A SLITRK1 transcript variant encoding a truncated protein was identified. The SLITRK1 transcript was exclusively expressed in brain tissues. There was low methylation of both the SLITRK1 gene body and its promoter. SLITRK1 was mapped to pig chromosome 11.
The membrane protein SLITRK1 functions as a developmentally regulated stimulator of neurite outgrowth and variants in this gene have been implicated in Tourette syndrome. In the current study we have cloned and characterized the porcine SLITRK1 gene. The genomic organization of SLITRK1 lacks introns, as does its human and mouse counterparts. RT-PCR cloning revealed two SLITRK1 transcripts: a full-length mRNA and a transcript variant that results in a truncated protein. The encoded SLITRK1 protein, consisting of 695 amino acids, displays a very high homology to human SLITRK1 (99%). The porcine SLITRK1 gene is expressed exclusively in brain tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Knud Larsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jamal Momeni
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Leila Farajzadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Christian Bendixen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Blichers Alle 20, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhou ZY, Li AM, Adeola AC, Liu YH, Irwin DM, Xie HB, Zhang YP. Genome-wide identification of long intergenic noncoding RNA genes and their potential association with domestication in pigs. Genome Biol Evol 2014; 6:1387-92. [PMID: 24891613 PMCID: PMC4079208 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousands of long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have been identified in the human and mouse genomes, some of which play important roles in fundamental biological processes. The pig is an important domesticated animal, however, pig lincRNAs remain poorly characterized and it is unknown if they were involved in the domestication of the pig. Here, we used available RNA-seq resources derived from 93 samples and expressed sequence tag data sets, and identified 6,621 lincRNA transcripts from 4,515 gene loci. Among the identified lincRNAs, some lincRNA genes exhibit synteny and sequence conservation, including linc-sscg2561, whose gene neighbor Dnmt3a is associated with emotional behaviors. Both linc-sscg2561 and Dnmt3a show differential expression in the frontal cortex between domesticated pigs and wild boars, suggesting a possible role in pig domestication. This study provides the first comprehensive genome-wide analysis of pig lincRNAs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yin Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China
| | - Adeniyi C Adeola
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaKunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan-Hu Liu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - David M Irwin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, CanadaBanting and Best Diabetes Centre, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hai-Bing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, ChinaLaboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|