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Dey R, Samadder A, Nandi S. Selected Phytochemicals to Combat Lungs Injury: Natural Care. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2398-2412. [PMID: 35293289 DOI: 10.2174/1386207325666220315113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The human has two lungs responsible for respiration and drug metabolism. Severe lung infection caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites may lead to lungs injury. Smoking and tobacco consumption may also produce lungs injury. Inflammatory and pain mediators are secreted by alveolar macrophages. The inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, neutrophils, and fibroblasts are accumulated in the alveoli sac, which becomes infected. It may lead to hypoxia followed by severe pulmonary congestion and the death of the patient. There is an urgent need for the treatment of artificial respiration and ventilation. However, the situation may be the worst for patients suffering from lung cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and acute pneumonia caused by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Re-urgency has been happening in the case of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Therefore, it is needed to protect the lungs with the intake of natural phytomedicines. In the present review, several selected phyto components having the potential role in lung injury therapy have been discussed. Regular intake of natural vegetables and fruits bearing these constituents may save the lungs even in the dangerous attack of SARS-CoV-2 in lung cancer, pulmonary TB, and pneumatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishita Dey
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
| | - Asmita Samadder
- Department of Zoology, Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Lab., University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, India
| | - Sisir Nandi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Global Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (Affiliated to Uttarakhand Technical University), Kashipur-244713, India
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2
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Tuli HS, Mistry H, Kaur G, Aggarwal D, Garg VK, Mittal S, Yerer MB, Sak K, Khan MA. Gallic acid: a dietary polyphenol that exhibits anti-neoplastic activities by modulating multiple oncogenic targets. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:499-514. [PMID: 34802408 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666211119085834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are being used for thousands of years to prevent dreadful malignancy. Side effects of existing allopathic treatment have also initiated intense research in the field of bioactive phytochemicals. Gallic acid, a natural polyphenolic compound, exists freely as well as in polymeric forms. The anti-cancer properties of gallic acid are indomitable by a variety of cellular pathways such as induction of programmed cell death, cell cycle apprehension, reticence of vasculature and tumor migration, and inflammation. Furthermore, gallic acid is found to show synergism with other existing chemotherapeutic drugs. Therefore, the antineoplastic role of gallic acid suggests its promising therapeutic candidature in the near future. The present review describes all these aspects of gallic acid at a single platform. In addition nanotechnology-mediated approaches are also discussed to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana. India
| | - Hiral Mistry
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra. India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Mumbai 400056, Maharashtra. India
| | - Diwakar Aggarwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, Haryana. India
| | - Vivek Kumar Garg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali - 140413, Punjab. India
| | - Sonam Mittal
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. India
| | - Mükerrem Betül Yerer
- Erciyes University, Faculty of Pharmacy Department of Pharmacology, Erciyes University Drug Application and Research Center, 05056784551. Turkey
| | | | - Md Asaduzzaman Khan
- The Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000. China
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Taghvaei F, Rastin SJ, Milani AT, Khameneh ZR, Hamini F, Rasouli MA, Asghari K, Rekabi Shishavan AM, Ebrahimifar M, Rashidi S. Carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate synergistically induce cytotoxic effects in esophageal cancer cells. Res Pharm Sci 2021; 16:240-249. [PMID: 34221057 PMCID: PMC8216160 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.314822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose: We aimed at evaluating the effects of combinatorial treatments with carboplatin and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the KYSE-30 esophageal cancer (EC) cell line and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Experimental approach: EC cells were harvested and exposed to increasing concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG to construct a dose-response plot. Cell inhibitory effects were assessed by the MTT method and apoptosis-related gene expression levels (caspases 8 and 9) and Bcl-2 mRNA were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The lactate levels in the various treated cases were analyzed using the colorimetric assay kit. In addition, total antioxidant capacity was measured. Findings/Results: The results indicated that, following treatments with carboplatin in IC20, IC25, and IC10 concentrations when combined with EGCG in similar concentrations, synergistically decreased cell viability versus single treatments of both agents. Also, in combined treatments at IC20 and IC25 of both agents the gene expression ratio of caspases 8 and 9 upregulated significantly compared to monotherapies (P < 0.05). Bcl-2 gene expression ratios were decreased in double agents treated cells versus monotherapies. Following treatment of KYSE-30 cells with carboplatin and EGCG in double combinations, lactate levels were significantly decreased compared with the untreated cells and single treatments (P < 0.05). Also, in IC25, IC20, and IC10 concentrations of both agents the total antioxidant capacity levels were decreased versus monotherapies and untreated cells. Conclusion and implications: The presented study determined that treatment with carboplatin and EGCG was capable of promoting cytotoxicity in EC cells and inhibits the cancer progress. Combined treatments with low concentrations of carboplatin and EGCG may promote apoptosis induction and inhibit cell growth. These results confirmed the anticancer effects of carboplatin and EGCG and providing a base for additional use of EGCG to the EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Taghvaei
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, I.R. Iran
| | - Sepideh Jafarzadeh Rastin
- Biotechnology Research Center, International Campus, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, I.R. Iran
| | - Attabak Toofani Milani
- Department of Biochemistry, Medicine Faculty, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, I.R. Iran
| | - Zakieh Rostamzadeh Khameneh
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Forough Hamini
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Aziz Rasouli
- Vice Chancellor for Educational and Research, Kowsar Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
| | - Keivan Asghari
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Amir Mohammad Rekabi Shishavan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, I.R. Iran
| | - Meysam Ebrahimifar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahreza Azad University, Shahreza, I.R. Iran
| | - Siamak Rashidi
- Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, I.R. Iran
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Serrano-Reyes G, Hernández-Cortés LM, Altamirano-Lozano M. Antigenotoxic effects of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship with the endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct repair (8-OHdG), and apoptosis in mice exposed to chromium(VI). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2021; 84:331-344. [PMID: 33372577 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1867275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the relationship between endogenous antioxidant system, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine adduct (8-OHdG) repair, and apoptosis in mice treated with chromium(VI) alone and in the presence of the antigenotoxic compound (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). Groups of 5 Hsd:ICR male mice were divided and treated as follows: (1) control, vehicle only; (2) EGCG, 8.5 mg/kg by gavage alone; (3) CrO3, 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally alone; and (4) EGCG combined with CrO3, EGCG was administered 4 hr prior to CrO3. Peripheral blood parameters were analyzed before treatment administration (time 0), and 48 hr after exposure. The administration of EGCG increased 8-OHdG levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Treatment with CrO3 increased number of micronucleus (MN) presence, elevated apoptotic/necrotic cells frequencies, decreased 8-OHdG levels, diminished total antioxidant capacity (TAC), increased glutathione (GSH) total levels, and lowered SOD activity. Administration of EGCG prior to treatment with CrO3 resulted in lower concentrations of MN, reduced apoptotic and necrotic cell number, and restored TAC and SOD activity to control levels. It is conceivable that the dose of EGCG plays an important role in the genotoxic damage protection pathways. Thus, this study confirms the action of EGCG as an antigenotoxic agent against chromium(VI)-induced oxidative insults and demonstrates potential protective pathways for EGCG actions to counteract genotoxic damage induced by this metal.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Unidad De Investigación En Genética Y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad De Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Serrano-Reyes
- Unidad De Investigación En Genética Y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad De Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés
- Unidad De Investigación En Genética Y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad De Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
| | - Mario Altamirano-Lozano
- Unidad De Investigación En Genética Y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad De Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza", Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México (UNAM), CDMX, Mexico
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O’Neill EJ, Termini D, Albano A, Tsiani E. Anti-Cancer Properties of Theaflavins. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26040987. [PMID: 33668434 PMCID: PMC7917939 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a disease characterized by aberrant proliferative and apoptotic signaling pathways, leading to uncontrolled proliferation of cancer cells combined with enhanced survival and evasion of cell death. Current treatment strategies are sometimes ineffective in eradicating more aggressive, metastatic forms of cancer, indicating the need to develop novel therapeutics targeting signaling pathways which are essential for cancer progression. Historically, plant-derived compounds have been utilized in the production of pharmaceuticals and chemotherapeutic compounds for the treatment of cancer, including paclitaxel and docetaxel. Theaflavins, phenolic components present in black tea, have demonstrated anti-cancer potential in cell cultures in vitro and in animal studies in vivo. Theaflavins have been shown to inhibit proliferation, survival, and migration of many cancer cellswhile promoting apoptosis. Treatment with theaflavins has been associated with increased levels of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and cleaved caspases-3, -7, -8, and -9, all markers of apoptosis, and increased expression of the proapoptotic marker Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and concomitant reduction in the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). Additionally, theaflavin treatment reduced phosphorylated Akt, phosphorylated mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and c-Myc levels with increased expression of the tumour suppressor p53. This review summarizes the current in vitro and in vivo evidence available investigating the anti-cancer effects of theaflavins across various cancer cell lines and animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. O’Neill
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Deborah Termini
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Alexandria Albano
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
| | - Evangelia Tsiani
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada; (E.J.O.); (D.T.); (A.A.)
- Centre for Bone and Muscle Health, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143146. [PMID: 32660101 PMCID: PMC7397003 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound of green tea and its role in diseases cure and prevention has been proven. Its role in diseases management can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-cancer role of this green tea compound has been confirmed in various types of cancer and is still being under explored. EGCG has been proven to possess a chemopreventive effect through inhibition of carcinogenesis process such as initiation, promotion, and progression. In addition, this catechin has proven its role in cancer management through modulating various cell signaling pathways such as regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and killing of various types of cancer cells. The additive or synergistic effect of epigallocatechin with chemopreventive agents has been verified as it reduces the toxicities and enhances the anti-cancerous effects. Despite its effectiveness and safety, the implications of EGCG in cancer prevention is certainly still discussed due to a poor bioavailability. Several studies have shown the ability to overcome poor bioavailability through nanotechnology-based strategies such as encapsulation, liposome, micelles, nanoparticles and various other formulation. In this review, we encapsulate therapeutic implication of EGCG in cancer management and the mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on human clinical trials.
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7
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Huang K, Liang Q, Zhou Y, Jiang LL, Gu WM, Luo MY, Tang YB, Wang Y, Lu W, Huang M, Zhang SZ, Zhuang GL, Dai Q, Shen QC, Zhang J, Lei HM, Zhu L, Ye DY, Chen HZ, Zhou L, Shen Y. A Novel Allosteric Inhibitor of Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 Suppresses Growth and Metastasis of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Cell Metab 2019; 30:1107-1119.e8. [PMID: 31607564 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) plays a pivotal role in cancer metabolism and tumor progression via its metabolic activity and interaction with other proteins like α-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2). Allosteric regulation is considered to be an innovative strategy to discover a highly selective and potent inhibitor targeting PGAM1. Here, we identified a novel PGAM1 allosteric inhibitor, HKB99, via structure-based optimization. HKB99 acted to allosterically block conformational change of PGAM1 during catalytic process and PGAM1-ACTA2 interaction. HKB99 suppressed tumor growth and metastasis and overcame erlotinib resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Mechanistically, HKB99 enhanced the oxidative stress and altered multiple signaling pathways including the activation of JNK/c-Jun and suppression of AKT and ERK. Collectively, the study highlights the potential of PGAM1 as a therapeutic target in NSCLC and reveals a distinct mechanism by which HKB99 inhibits both metabolic activity and nonmetabolic function of PGAM1 by allosteric regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lu-Lu Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Ming Gu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ming-Yu Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ya-Bin Tang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, School of Pharmacy & Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min Huang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sheng-Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guang-Lei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qing Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qian-Cheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Medicinal Bioinformatics Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Hui-Min Lei
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Liang Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - De-Yong Ye
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong-Zhuan Chen
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shuguang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ying Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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8
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Wang LX, Shi YL, Zhang LJ, Wang KR, Xiang LP, Cai ZY, Lu JL, Ye JH, Liang YR, Zheng XQ. Inhibitory Effects of (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate on Esophageal Cancer. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050954. [PMID: 30857144 PMCID: PMC6429180 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence showing that drinking green tea can lower the risk of esophageal cancer (EC). The effect is mainly attributed to tea polyphenols and their most abundant component, (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG). The possible mechanisms of tumorigenesis inhibition of EGCG include its suppressive effects on cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, DNA methylation, metastasis and oxidant stress. EGCG modulates multiple signal transduction and metabolic signaling pathways involving in EC. A synergistic effect was also observed when EGCG was used in combination with other treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Xiang Wang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, No. 127, Dongming Road, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Yun-Long Shi
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Long-Jie Zhang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Kai-Rong Wang
- Ningbo Huangjinyun Tea Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yuyao 315412, China.
| | - Li-Ping Xiang
- National Tea and Tea Product Quality Supervision and Inspection Center (Guizhou), Zunyi 563100, China.
| | - Zhuo-Yu Cai
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Liang Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Ye
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yue-Rong Liang
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xin-Qiang Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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9
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Development of Anthraquinone Analogues as Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1 Inhibitors. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24050845. [PMID: 30818883 PMCID: PMC6429356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24050845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) coordinates glycolysis and biosynthesis to promote cancer cell proliferation, and is believed to be a promising target for cancer therapy. Herein, based on the anthraquinone scaffold, we synthesized 31 anthraquinone derivatives and investigated the structure−activity relationship (SAR). The 3-substitient of sulfonamide on the anthraquinone scaffold was essential for maintaining potency and the modifications of the hydroxyl of alizarin would cause a sharp decrease in potency. In the meantime, we determined the co-crystal structure of PGAM1 and one of the anthraquinone inhibitors 9i with IC50 value of 0.27 μM. The co-crystal structure revealed that F22, K100 and R116 of PGAM1 were critical residues for the binding of inhibitors which further validated the SAR. Consistent with the crystal structure, a competitive assay illustrated that compound 9i was a noncompetitive inhibitor. In addition, compound 9i effectively restrained different lung cancer cells proliferation in vitro. Taken together, this work provides reliable guide for future development of PGAM1 inhibitors and compound 9i may act as a new leading compound for further optimization.
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Synergic Inhibition of Lung Carcinoma 95-D Cell Proliferation and Invasion by Combination with (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate and Ascorbic Acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11859-018-1321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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11
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Jiao L, Bi L, Lu Y, Wang Q, Gong Y, Shi J, Xu L. Cancer chemoprevention and therapy using chinese herbal medicine. Biol Proced Online 2018; 20:1. [PMID: 29321719 PMCID: PMC5757296 DOI: 10.1186/s12575-017-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an indispensable role in cancer prevention and treatment. Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) is a key component of TCM and has been practiced for thousands of years. A number of naturally occurring products from Chinese herbs extracts exhibit strong inhibitory properties against carcinogenesis, including CHM single-herb extracts, CHM-derived active components, and CHM formulas (the polyherbal combinations), which regulate JAK/STAT, MAPK, and NF-ҡB pathways. The present review aims to report the cancer-preventive effect of CHM with evidence from cell-line, animal, epidemiological, and clinical experiments. We also present several issues that have yet to be resolved. In the future, cancer prevention by CHM will face unprecedented opportunities and challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Immunology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437 China.,Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Ling Bi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Jun Shi
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.110, Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200437 China
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He HF. Research progress on theaflavins: efficacy, formation, and preparation. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1344521. [PMID: 28747864 PMCID: PMC5510227 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1344521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Theaflavins (TFs) are a category of natural compounds characterized with the benzotropolone skeleton. The prominent benefits of TFs have been well documented. Amount of research were conducted and excellent achievements were disclosed during the past years. However, as far as we know, there is no comprehensive review about TFs. Scope and approach: This review summarized the recent research progress. The activity of TFs on anti-oxidation, anti-mutagenicity, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-viral effect as well as the epidemiological cure were sorted. Converging pioneer literature and deduction, the underlying formation mechanism of TFs was proposed. Subsequently, acquisition of TFs was pointed out to be the fundament for further research. Accelerated by enzyme, bio-synthesis of TFs were reviewed simultaneously. At the end, employing modern analysis instrument and technology, isolations of TFs were enumerated. Key findings and conclusions: Structure of the skeleton as well as functional groups were paramount related with the bio-activity of TFs. Meanwhile, oxidation pathway of two catechin molecules to form TFs were hypothesized. Also, ascertainment of the several therapeutic efficiency of the family members of TFs would be the next step in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Tea Processing Engineering of Zhejiang Province, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, HangZhou, China
- National Engineering Technology Research Center for Tea Industry, HangZhou, China
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Li X, Tang S, Wang QQ, Leung ELH, Jin H, Huang Y, Liu J, Geng M, Huang M, Yuan S, Yao XJ, Ding J. Identification of Epigallocatechin-3- Gallate as an Inhibitor of Phosphoglycerate Mutase 1. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:325. [PMID: 28611670 PMCID: PMC5447756 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting metabolic enzymes is believed to provide new therapeutic opportunities for cancer therapy. Phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1) is a glycolytic enzyme that importantly coordinates glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) flux and serine biosynthesis in cancer cells and hence gains increasing interest of inhibitor discovery. Only few PGAM1 inhibitors have been reported and the molecular potency remains very limited. In an effort to discover new PGAM1 inhibitors, we carried out a biochemical assay-based screen that was focused on natural products derived small molecule compounds. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major natural catechins of green tea extract, was identified as a PGAM1 inhibitor that was tremendously more potent than known PGAM1 inhibitors. Further studies combining molecular docking and site-specific mutagenesis revealed that EGCG inhibited PGAM1 enzymatic activity in a manner independent of substrate competition. EGCG modulated the intracellular level of 2-phosphoglycerate, impaired glycolysis and PPP and inhibited proliferation of cancer cells. This study suggested EGCG as a chemical scaffold for the discovery of potent PGAM1 inhibitors and gained mechanistic insights to understand the previously appreciated anticancer properties of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Shuai Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wang
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Elaine L-H Leung
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Hongyue Jin
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Meiyu Geng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Min Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
| | - Shengtao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and TechnologyMacau, China
| | - Jian Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing, China.,Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai, China
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Hui X, Hua SH, Wu QQ, Li H, Gao WY. Antimicrobial mechanism of epigallocatechin gallate and gallocatechin gallate: They target 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase, the key enzyme of the MEP terpenoid biosynthetic pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 622:1-8. [PMID: 28428039 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The catechins EGCG and GCG show a variety of pharmacological activities, especially an antibacterial capacity, but their modes of antimicrobial action have not been fully elucidated. 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), the first key enzyme in the MEP pathway for terpenoid biosynthesis, is a recently validated antimicrobial target. In order to disclose the antibacterial mechanism of EGCG and GCG, the DXR inhibitory activity of them was investigated in this study. The data show that EGCG and GCG both could specifically suppress the activity of DXR, with EGCG exhibiting relatively low effect against DXR (IC50 about 210 μM) and GCG displaying strong activity (IC50 27.5 μM). In addition, studies on inhibition kinetics of the catechins against DXR demonstrate that they are competitive inhibitors of DXR against DXP and uncompetitive inhibitors with respect to NADPH. Meanwhile, the possible interactions between DXR and the catechine, esyth onlols were simulated via docking experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Hui
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturised Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Shui-Hong Hua
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturised Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturised Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Heng Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturised Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Wen-Yun Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturised Detection Systems and College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, 229 North Taibai Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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15
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Natural Products as Chemopreventive Agents by Potential Inhibition of the Kinase Domain in ErbB Receptors. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020308. [PMID: 28218686 PMCID: PMC6155853 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Small molecules found in natural products provide therapeutic benefits due to their pharmacological or biological activity, which may increase or decrease the expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER), a promising target in the modification of signaling cascades involved in excessive cellular growth. In this study, in silico molecular protein-ligand docking protocols were performed with AutoDock Vina in order to evaluate the interaction of 800 natural compounds (NPs) from the NatProd Collection (http://www.msdiscovery.com/natprod.html), with four human HER family members: HER1 (PDB: 2ITW), HER2 (PDB: 3PP0), HER3 (PDB: 3LMG) and HER4 (PDB: 2R4B). The best binding affinity values (kcal/mol) for docking pairs were obtained for HER1-podototarin (−10.7), HER2-hecogenin acetate (−11.2), HER3-hesperidin (−11.5) and HER4-theaflavin (−10.7). The reliability of the theoretical calculations was evaluated employing published data on HER inhibition correlated with in silico binding calculations. IC50 values followed a significant linear relationship with the theoretical binding Affinity data for HER1 (R = 0.656, p < 0.0001) and HER2 (R = 0.543, p < 0.0001), but not for HER4 (R = 0.364, p > 0.05). In short, this methodology allowed the identification of several NPs as HER inhibitors, being useful in the discovery and design of more potent and selective anticancer drugs.
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Zhao X, Liu F, Jin H, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang W, Wang H, Chen W. Involvement of PKCα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in EGCG's protection against stress-induced neural injuries in Wistar rats. Neuroscience 2017; 346:226-237. [PMID: 28131624 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress-induced neural injuries are closely linked to the pathogenesis of various neuropsychiatric disorders and psychosomatic diseases. We and others have previously demonstrated certain protective effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in stress-induced cerebral impairments, but the underlying protective mechanisms still remain poorly elucidated. Here we provide evidence to support the possible involvement of PKCα and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathways in EGCG-mediated protection against restraint stress-induced neural injuries in rats. In both open-field and step-through behavioral tests, the restraint stress-induced neuronal impairments were significantly ameliorated by administration of EGCG or green tea polyphenols (GTPs), which was associated with a partial restoration of normal plasma glucocorticoid, dopamine and serotonin levels. Furthermore, the stress-induced decrease of PKCα and ERK1/2 expression and phosphorylation was significantly attenuated by EGCG and to a less extent by GTP administration. Additionally, EGCG supplementation restored the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the expression of a key regulator of cellular energy metabolism, the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), in stressed animals. In conclusion, PKCα and ERK1/2 signaling pathways as well as PGC-1α-mediated ATP production might be involved in EGCG-mediated protection against stress-induced neural injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fengqin Liu
- Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Haimin Jin
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Renjia Li
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yonghui Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Haichao Wang
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Health and Environmental Medicine, Tianjin, China; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.
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Zhang Y, Xu YY, Sun WJ, Zhang MH, Zheng YF, Shen HM, Yang J, Zhu XQ. FBS or BSA Inhibits EGCG Induced Cell Death through Covalent Binding and the Reduction of Intracellular ROS Production. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5013409. [PMID: 27830147 PMCID: PMC5088332 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5013409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previously we have shown that (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) can induce nonapoptotic cell death in human hepatoma HepG2 cells only under serum-free condition. However, the underlying mechanism for serum in determining the cell fate remains to be answered. The effects of fetal bovine serum (FBS) and its major component bovine serum albumin (BSA) on EGCG-induced cell death were investigated in this study. It was found that BSA, just like FBS, can protect cells from EGCG-induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner. Detailed analysis revealed that both FBS and BSA inhibited generation of ROS to protect against toxicity of EGCG. Furthermore, EGCG was shown to bind to certain cellular proteins including caspase-3, PARP, and α-tubulin, but not LC3 nor β-actin, which formed EGCG-protein complexes that were inseparable by SDS-gel. On the other hand, addition of FBS or BSA to culture medium can block the binding of EGCG to these proteins. In silico docking analysis results suggested that BSA had a stronger affinity to EGCG than the other proteins. Taken together, these data indicated that the protective effect of FBS and BSA against EGCG-induced cell death could be due to (1) the decreased generation of ROS and (2) the competitive binding of BSA to EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yu-Ying Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wen-Jie Sun
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Mo-Han Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fan Zheng
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Han-Ming Shen
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, 16 Xue Lin Street, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310036, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Toxicology, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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18
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Hernández-Cortés LM, Altamirano-Lozano MA. In Vivo Effects of Vanadium Pentoxide and Antioxidants (Ascorbic Acid and Alpha-Tocopherol) on Apoptotic, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Damage in Peripheral Blood of Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:6797851. [PMID: 27413422 PMCID: PMC4930826 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6797851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), ascorbic acid (AA), and alpha-tocopherol (α-TOH) on apoptotic, cytotoxic, and genotoxic activity. Groups of five Hsd:ICR mice were treated with the following: (a) vehicle, distilled water; (b) vehicle, corn oil; (c) AA, 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip); (d) α-TOH, 20 mg/kg by gavage; (e) V2O5, 40 mg/kg by ip injection; (f) AA + V2O5; and (g) α-TOH + V2O5. Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) obtained from the caudal vein at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatments. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed at 48 h after treatment in nucleated cells of peripheral blood. Treatment with AA alone reduced basal MN-PCE, while V2O5 treatment marginally increased MN-PCE at all times after injection. Antioxidants treatments prior to V2O5 administration decreased MN-PCE compared to the V2O5 group, with the most significant effect in the AA + V2O5 group. The apoptotic cells increased with all treatments, suggesting that this process may contribute to the elimination of the cells with V2O5-induced DNA damage (MN-PCE). The necrotic cells only increased in the V2O5 group. Therefore, antioxidants such as AA and α-TOH can be used effectively to protect or reduce the genotoxic effects induced by vanadium compounds like V2O5.
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Affiliation(s)
- María del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Lourdes Montserrat Hernández-Cortés
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
| | - Mario Agustín Altamirano-Lozano
- Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores “Zaragoza”, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), P.O. Box 9-020, 15000 México, DF, Mexico
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EGCG-mediated autophagy flux has a neuroprotection effect via a class III histone deacetylase in primary neuron cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:9701-17. [PMID: 25991666 PMCID: PMC4496391 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases caused by aggregated misfolded prion protein (PrP) are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that occur in both humans and animals. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) has preventive effects on prion disease; however, the mechanisms related to preventing prion diseases are unclear. We investigated whether EGCG, the main polyphenol in green tea, prevents neuron cell damage induced by the human prion protein. We also studied the neuroprotective mechanisms and proper signals mediated by EGCG. The results showed that EGCG protects the neuronal cells against human prion protein-induced damage through inhibiting Bax and cytochrome c translocation and autophagic pathways by increasing LC3-II and reducing and blocking p62 by using ATG5 small interfering (si) RNA and autophagy inhibitors. We further demonstrated that the neuroprotective effects of EGCG were exhibited by a class III histone deacetylase; sirt1 activation and the neuroprotective effects attenuated by sirt1 inactivation using sirt1 siRNA and sirtinol. We demonstrated that EGCG activated the autophagic pathways by inducing sirt1, and had protective effects against human prion protein-induced neuronal cell toxicity. These results suggest that EGCG may be a therapeutic agent for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders including prion diseases.
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GAO YING, RANKIN GARYO, TU YOUYING, CHEN YICHARLIE. Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate decreases human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 cell-induced angiogenesis via Akt and Notch-1 pathways, not via MAPK pathways. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:281-92. [PMID: 26648098 PMCID: PMC4734601 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Theaflavin-3, 3'-digallate (TF3) is a black tea polyphenol produced from polymerization and oxidization of the green tea ployphenols epicatechin gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) during fermentation of fresh tea leaves. TF3 has been reported to have anticancer properties. However, the effect of TF3 on tumor angiogenesis and the underlying mechanisms are not clear. In the present study, TF3 was verified to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Compared with EGCG, TF3 was more potent. TF3 inhibited human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 cell-induced angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell model and in chick chorioallantoic membrane model. TF3 reduced tumor angiogenesis by downregulating HIF-1α and VEGF. One of the mechanisms was TF3 inactivated Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway and Akt/c-Myc pathway. Besides, TF3 suppressed the cleavage of Notch-1, subsequently decreased the expression of c-Myc, HIF-1α and VEGF, and finally the impaired cancer cells induced angiogenesis. Nevertheless, TF3 did not have any influence on the MAPK pathways. Taken together, these findings suggest that TF3 might serve as a potential anti-angiogenic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- YING GAO
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
| | - GARY O. RANKIN
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Toxicology, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
| | - YOUYING TU
- Department of Tea Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China
| | - YI CHARLIE CHEN
- College of Science, Technology and Mathematics, Alderson Broaddus University, Philippi, WV 26416, USA
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García-Rodríguez MDC, Montaño-Rodríguez AR, Altamirano-Lozano MA. Modulation of hexavalent chromium-induced genotoxic damage in peripheral blood of mice by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and its relationship to the apoptotic activity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2015; 79:28-38. [PMID: 26713419 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1104525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between modulation of genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity in Hsd:ICR male mice treated with (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)]. Four groups of 5 mice each were treated with (i) control vehicle only, (ii) EGCG (10 mg/kg) by gavage, (iii) Cr(VI) (20 mg/kg of CrO3) intraperitoneally (ip), and (iv) EGCG in addition to CrO3 (EGCG-CrO3). Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining presence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCE) obtained from peripheral blood of the caudal vein at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. EGCG treatment produced no significant changes in frequency of MN-PCE. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased number of MN-PCE at 24 and 48 h post injection. Treatment with EGCG prior to CrO3 injection decreased number of MN-PCE compared to CrO3 alone. The MN-PCE reduction was greater than when EGCG was administered ip. The frequency of early apoptotic cells was elevated at 48 h following EGCG, CrO3, or EGCG-CrO3 exposure, with highest levels observed in the combined treatment group, while the frequencies of late apoptotic cells and necrotic cells were increased only in EGCG-CrO3 exposure. Our findings support the view that EGCG is protective against genotoxic damage induced by Cr(VI) and that apoptosis may contribute to elimination of DNA-damaged cells (MN-PCE) when EGCG was administered prior to CrO3. Further, it was found that the route of administration of EGCG plays an important role in protection against CrO3-induced genotoxic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Carmen García-Rodríguez
- a Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza," Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F ., México
| | - Ana Rosa Montaño-Rodríguez
- a Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza," Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F ., México
| | - Mario Agustín Altamirano-Lozano
- a Unidad de Investigación en Genética y Toxicología Ambiental (UNIGEN), Facultad de Estudios Superiores "Zaragoza," Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), México D.F ., México
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Wang A, Zhu C, Fu L, Wan X, Yang X, Zhang H, Miao R, He L, Sang X, Zhao H. Citrus Fruit Intake Substantially Reduces the Risk of Esophageal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Epidemiologic Studies. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1390. [PMID: 26426606 PMCID: PMC4616874 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many epidemiologic studies indicate a potential association between fruit and vegetable intake and various cancers. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the association between citrus fruit intake and esophageal cancer risk. The authors conducted a comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception until July 2014. Studies presenting information about citrus intake and esophageal cancer were analyzed. The authors extracted the categories of citrus intake, study-specific odds ratio or relative risk, and the P value and associated 95% confidence intervals for the highest versus lowest dietary intake of citrus fruit level. The association was quantified using meta-analysis of standard errors with a random-effects model. Thirteen case-control studies and 6 cohort studies were eligible for inclusion. Citrus intake may significantly reduce risk of esophageal cancer (summary odds ratio = 0.63; 95% confidence interval = 0.52-0.75; P = 0), without notable publication bias (intercept = -0.79, P = 0.288) and with significant heterogeneity across studies (I = 52%). The results from epidemiologic studies suggest an inverse association between citrus fruit intake and esophageal cancer risk. The significant effect is consistent between case-control and cohort studies. Larger prospective studies with rigorous methodology should be considered to validate the association between citrus fruits and esophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqiang Wang
- From the Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China (AW, CZ, LF, XW, XY, HZ, LH, XS, HZ); and Liver Center and The Transplant Institute, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (RM)
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Li Y, Zhao LL, Li Y, Zhao Y, Li LP. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces human liver cancer HepG2 cell apoptosis and growth inhibition by suppressing phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B signaling. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:3188-3194. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i20.3188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on cell apoptosis and proliferation in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 and to explore the underlying mechanism.
METHODS: HepG2 cells in logarithmic growth phase were treated with different concentrations of EGCG (0, 10, 20, 40 µg/mL) for 48 h. MTT and flow cytometric analysis were used to evaluate the proliferation, membrane potential and apoptosis of HepG2 cells. The expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), p-protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, BCL-2, Bax, pro-Caspase3, cleaved Caspase3, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), cleaved PARP and cytochrome C (CytC) in HepG2 cells was detected by Western blot.
RESULTS: EGCG treatment significantly decreased the cell proliferation, membrane potential and the expression of PI3K, p-AKT, cleaved PARP, cleaved Caspase3 and Bcl-2 in HepG2 cells, and increased cell apoptosis and the expression of pro-Caspase3, PARP, CytC and Bax. However, EGCG treatment had no significant influence on the expression of AKT.
CONCLUSION: EGCG induces cell apoptosis and growth inhibition in the human liver cancer cell line HepG2 possibly by suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling
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Patel S, Vajdy M. Induction of cellular and molecular immunomodulatory pathways by vitamin A and flavonoids. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2015; 15:1411-28. [PMID: 26185959 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2015.1066331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A detailed study of reports on the immunomodulatory properties of vitamin A and select flavonoids may pave the way for using these natural compounds or compounds with similar structures in novel drug and vaccine designs against infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancers. AREAS COVERED Intracellular transduction pathways, cellular differentiation and functional immunomodulatory responses have been reviewed. The reported studies encompass in vitro, in vivo preclinical and clinical studies that address the role of vitamin A and select flavonoids in induction of innate and adaptive B- and T-cell responses, including TH1, TH2 and regulatory T cells (Treg). EXPERT OPINION While the immunomodulatory role of vitamin A, and related compounds, is well-established in many preclinical studies, its role in humans has begun to gain wider acceptance. In contrast, the role of flavonoids is mostly controversial in clinical trials, due to the diversity of the various classes of these compounds, and possibly due to the purity and the selected doses of the compounds. However, current preclinical and clinical studies warrant further detailed studies of these promising immunomodulatory compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sapna Patel
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Michael Vajdy
- a EpitoGenesis, Inc. , 1392 Storrs Rd Unit 4213, ATL Building, Rm 101, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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25
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Green tea polyphenols and their potential role in health and disease. Inflammopharmacology 2015; 23:151-61. [PMID: 26164000 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-015-0236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence that plant polyphenols such as resveratrol, anthocyanins, catechins, and terpenes like taxol are effectively used in the treatment of chronic conditions including cancer, Alzheimer, Parkinsonism, diabetes, aging, etc. The link between oxidative stress and inflammation is well accepted. Thus, the mechanism of action of these natural products is partly believed to be through their significant antioxidant properties. The main constituent of green tea, with clinical significance, is epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). It has been associated with antitumor, anti-Alzheimer, and anti-aging properties, improve redox status at the tissue level possibly preventing system level structural damage. This review focuses on EGCG and its potential therapeutic role in health and disease.
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Lee JC, Chung LC, Chen YJ, Feng TH, Chen WT, Juang HH. Upregulation of B-cell translocation gene 2 by epigallocatechin-3-gallate via p38 and ERK signaling blocks cell proliferation in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells. Cancer Lett 2015; 360:310-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Wang J, Xie Y, Feng Y, Zhang L, Huang X, Shen X, Luo X. (-)-Epigallocatechingallate induces apoptosis in B lymphoma cells via caspase-dependent pathway and Bcl-2 family protein modulation. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1507-15. [PMID: 25647297 PMCID: PMC4356505 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(−)-Epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) as a representative polyphenol has attracted increasing attention due to its diversified effects, especially its potential as an agent for the prevention or treatment of certain cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of EGCG-induced apoptosis in B lymphoma cells are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of EGCG on proliferation and apoptosis in the B lymphoma cell lines Jeko-1 and Raji, and determine the underlying mechanisms. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were determined by the cell counting kit (CCK-8) assay; apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry using the Annexin V-PE/7AAD double staining; Fas, Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression levels were determined by real-time PCR; caspase activity was measured by the caspase activity assay kit; the expression levels of apoptosis-associated proteins were determined by western blot analysis. We demonstrated that EGCG induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In agreement, EGCG upregulated the mRNA expression of Fas and Bax while downregulating Bcl-2. Protein expression levels of Bax, activated caspase-3, -7, -8, and -9, and PARP were increased, while Bcl-2 protein levels were reduced by EGCG treatment. Taken together, EGCG induces B lymphoma cell apoptosis by triggering caspase-dependent intrinsic (mitochondrial) and extrinsic (death receptor) pathways. These findings suggest that EGCG may be a potential agent for the treatment of B lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyan Wang
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yu'an Xie
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yan Feng
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Litu Zhang
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xinping Huang
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyun Shen
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Research Department, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, P.R. China
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28
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Subramanian AP, John AA, Vellayappan MV, Balaji A, Jaganathan SK, Supriyanto E, Yusof M. Gallic acid: prospects and molecular mechanisms of its anticancer activity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02727f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gallic acid (GA) is a phenolic acid found in many dietary substances. It is a natural compound found in gallnuts, sumac, witch-hazel, clove, tealeaves, oak bark, sundew and other plants. Edibles like blackberry, hot chocolate, common walnut and Indian gooseberry contain GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. P. Subramanian
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - A. A. John
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - M. V. Vellayappan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - A. Balaji
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - S. K. Jaganathan
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - Eko Supriyanto
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
| | - Mustafa Yusof
- IJN-UTM Cardiovascular Engineering Centre
- Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- Johor Bahru 81310
- Malaysia
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Liu L, Hou L, Gu S, Zuo X, Meng D, Luo M, Zhang X, Huang S, Zhao X. Molecular mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:297-303. [PMID: 25333353 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol of green tea, has been shown to inhibit proliferation in various types of tumors. However, few studies concerning the role and mechanism of EGCG in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are available. Therefore, the antitumor mechanism of EGCG needs to be investigated. The present study aimed to examine the antitumor effect of EGCG on the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, Eca-109 and Te-1, in vitro and in vivo. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay and tumor formation and growth in murine xenograft models with or without EGCG treatment. Cell cycle analysis and levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were detected using flow cytometry. Apoptosis was measured by Annexin/propidium iodide staining. Caspase-3 cleavage and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were detected using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry in tumor cell lines and tumor xenografts, respectively. The results showed that EGCG inhibited proliferation in the Eca-109 and Te-1 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Tumor cells were arrested in the G1 phase and apoptosis was accompanied by ROS production and caspase-3 cleavage. In a mouse model, EGCG significantly inhibited the growth of Eca-109 tumors by increasing the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and decreasing VEGF protein levels. Taken together, the results suggest that EGCG inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis through ROS production, caspase-3 activation, and a decrease in VEGF expression in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, EGCG may have future clinical applications for novel approaches to treat esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710068, P.R. China
| | - Shanzhi Gu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zuo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Du Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Minna Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Shangke Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xinhan Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate induces apoptosis, inhibits proliferation and decreases invasion of glioma cell. Neurosci Bull 2013; 30:67-73. [PMID: 24338484 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-013-1394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major polyphenol in green tea, has been considered a potential therapeutic and chemopreventive agent for cancer. Glioma is a malignant tumor with high mortality but effective therapy has not yet been developed. In this study, we found that EGCG induced apoptosis in U251 glioma cells via the laminin receptor (molecular weight 67 kDa) in a time- and dose-dependent manner, decreased their invasiveness and inhibited their proliferation. The mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was shown to be involved in glioma cell apoptosis and proliferation. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 were reduced after EGCG treatment. These results suggest that EGCG has important therapeutic effects with low toxicity and side-effects, and could be used in cancer chemoprevention.
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Antigenotoxic and apoptotic activity of green tea polyphenol extracts on hexavalent chromium-induced DNA damage in peripheral blood of CD-1 mice: analysis with differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:486419. [PMID: 24363823 PMCID: PMC3865693 DOI: 10.1155/2013/486419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the modulating effects of green tea polyphenols on genotoxic damage and apoptotic activity induced by hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] in CD-1 mice. Animals were divided into the following groups: (i) injected with vehicle; (ii) treated with green tea polyphenols (30 mg/kg) via gavage; (iii) injected with CrO3 (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally; (iv) treated with green tea polyphenols in addition to CrO3. Genotoxic damage was evaluated by examining micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MN-PCEs) obtained from peripheral blood at 0, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment. Induction of apoptosis and cell viability were assessed by differential acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining. Treatment of green tea polyphenols led to no significant changes in the MN-PCEs. However, CrO3 treatment significantly increased MN-PCEs at 24 and 48 h after injection. Green tea polyphenols treatment prior to CrO3 injection led to a decrease in MN-PCEs compared to the group treated with CrO3 only. The average of apoptotic cells was increased at 48 h after treatment compared to control mice, suggesting that apoptosis could contribute to eliminate the DNA damaged cells induced by Cr (VI). Our findings support the proposed protective effects of green tea polyphenols against the genotoxic damage induced by Cr (VI).
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32
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Carr AC, Vissers MCM. Synthetic or food-derived vitamin C--are they equally bioavailable? Nutrients 2013; 5:4284-304. [PMID: 24169506 PMCID: PMC3847730 DOI: 10.3390/nu5114284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbate) is an essential water-soluble micronutrient in humans and is obtained through the diet, primarily from fruits and vegetables. In vivo, vitamin C acts as a cofactor for numerous biosynthetic enzymes required for the synthesis of amino acid-derived macromolecules, neurotransmitters, and neuropeptide hormones, and is also a cofactor for various hydroxylases involved in the regulation of gene transcription and epigenetics. Vitamin C was first chemically synthesized in the early 1930s and since then researchers have been investigating the comparative bioavailability of synthetic versus natural, food-derived vitamin C. Although synthetic and food-derived vitamin C is chemically identical, fruit and vegetables are rich in numerous nutrients and phytochemicals which may influence its bioavailability. The physiological interactions of vitamin C with various bioflavonoids have been the most intensively studied to date. Here, we review animal and human studies, comprising both pharmacokinetic and steady-state designs, which have been carried out to investigate the comparative bioavailability of synthetic and food-derived vitamin C, or vitamin C in the presence of isolated bioflavonoids. Overall, a majority of animal studies have shown differences in the comparative bioavailability of synthetic versus natural vitamin C, although the results varied depending on the animal model, study design and body compartments measured. In contrast, all steady state comparative bioavailability studies in humans have shown no differences between synthetic and natural vitamin C, regardless of the subject population, study design or intervention used. Some pharmacokinetic studies in humans have shown transient and small comparative differences between synthetic and natural vitamin C, although these differences are likely to have minimal physiological impact. Study design issues and future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitra C Carr
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, P.O. Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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