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Müller DJ, Dumitru AC, Lo Giudice C, Gaub HE, Hinterdorfer P, Hummer G, De Yoreo JJ, Dufrêne YF, Alsteens D. Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Force Spectroscopy and Multiparametric Imaging of Biomolecular and Cellular Systems. Chem Rev 2020; 121:11701-11725. [PMID: 33166471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
During the last three decades, a series of key technological improvements turned atomic force microscopy (AFM) into a nanoscopic laboratory to directly observe and chemically characterize molecular and cell biological systems under physiological conditions. Here, we review key technological improvements that have established AFM as an analytical tool to observe and quantify native biological systems from the micro- to the nanoscale. Native biological systems include living tissues, cells, and cellular components such as single or complexed proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, or sugars. We showcase the procedures to customize nanoscopic chemical laboratories by functionalizing AFM tips and outline the advantages and limitations in applying different AFM modes to chemically image, sense, and manipulate biosystems at (sub)nanometer spatial and millisecond temporal resolution. We further discuss theoretical approaches to extract the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of specific biomolecular interactions detected by AFM for single bonds and extend the discussion to multiple bonds. Finally, we highlight the potential of combining AFM with optical microscopy and spectroscopy to address the full complexity of biological systems and to tackle fundamental challenges in life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Müller
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Mattenstrasse 28, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andra C Dumitru
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Cristina Lo Giudice
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hermann E Gaub
- Applied Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Amalienstrasse 54, 80799 München, Germany
| | - Peter Hinterdorfer
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University of Linz, Gruberstrasse 40, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Gerhard Hummer
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics and Department of Physics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James J De Yoreo
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yves F Dufrêne
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Chen MP, Kiduko SA, Saad NS, Canan BD, Kilic A, Mohler PJ, Janssen PML. Stretching single titin molecules from failing human hearts reveals titin's role in blunting cardiac kinetic reserve. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 116:127-137. [PMID: 30778519 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvz043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Heart failure (HF) patients commonly experience symptoms primarily during elevated heart rates, as a result of physical activities or stress. A main determinant of diastolic passive tension, the elastic sarcomeric protein titin, has been shown to be associated with HF, with unresolved involvement regarding its role at different heart rates. To determine whether titin is playing a role in the heart rate (frequency-) dependent acceleration of relaxation (FDAR). W, we studied the FDAR responses in live human left ventricular cardiomyocytes and the corresponding titin-based passive tension (TPT) from failing and non-failing human hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS Using atomic force, we developed a novel single-molecule force spectroscopy approach to detect TPT based on the frequency-modulated cardiac cycle. Mean TPT reduced upon an increased heart rate in non-failing human hearts, while this reduction was significantly blunted in failing human hearts. These mechanical changes in the titin distal Ig domain significantly correlated with the frequency-dependent relaxation kinetics of human cardiomyocytes obtained from the corresponding hearts. Furthermore, the data suggested that the higher the TPT, the faster the cardiomyocytes relaxed, but the lower the potential of myocytes to speed up relaxation at a higher heart rate. Such poorer FDAR response was also associated with a lesser reduction or a bigger increase in TPT upon elevated heart rate. CONCLUSIONS Our study established a novel approach in detecting dynamic heart rate relevant tension changes physiologically on native titin domains. Using this approach, the data suggested that the regulation of kinetic reserve in cardiac relaxation and its pathological changes were associated with the intensity and dynamic changes of passive tension by titin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Pian Chen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Salome A Kiduko
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Nancy S Saad
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Benjamin D Canan
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Ahmet Kilic
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 410 W 10th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Paul M L Janssen
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Hamilton Hall 207a, 1645 Neil Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, 473 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, 395 W 12th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Tian Y, Wu Y, Liu L, He L, Gao J, Zhou L, Yu F, Yu S, Wang H. The structural characteristics of mononuclear-macrophage membrane observed by atomic force microscopy. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:314-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Imaging and Force Recognition of Single Molecular Behaviors Using Atomic Force Microscopy. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17010200. [PMID: 28117741 PMCID: PMC5298773 DOI: 10.3390/s17010200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has provided a powerful tool for investigating the behaviors of single native biological molecules under physiological conditions. AFM can not only image the conformational changes of single biological molecules at work with sub-nanometer resolution, but also sense the specific interactions of individual molecular pair with piconewton force sensitivity. In the past decade, the performance of AFM has been greatly improved, which makes it widely used in biology to address diverse biomedical issues. Characterizing the behaviors of single molecules by AFM provides considerable novel insights into the underlying mechanisms guiding life activities, contributing much to cell and molecular biology. In this article, we review the recent developments of AFM studies in single-molecule assay. The related techniques involved in AFM single-molecule assay were firstly presented, and then the progress in several aspects (including molecular imaging, molecular mechanics, molecular recognition, and molecular activities on cell surface) was summarized. The challenges and future directions were also discussed.
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Pi J, Jin H, Yang F, Chen ZW, Cai J. In situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes: linking basic nanotechniques to cell biology, immunology and medicine. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:12229-12249. [PMID: 25227707 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr04195j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The cell membrane, which consists of a viscous phospholipid bilayer, different kinds of proteins and various nano/micrometer-sized domains, plays a very important role in ensuring the stability of the intracellular environment and the order of cellular signal transductions. Exploring the precise cell membrane structure and detailed functions of the biomolecules in a cell membrane would be helpful to understand the underlying mechanisms involved in cell membrane signal transductions, which could further benefit research into cell biology, immunology and medicine. The detection of membrane biomolecules at the single molecule level can provide some subtle information about the molecular structure and the functions of the cell membrane. In particular, information obtained about the molecular mechanisms and other information at the single molecule level are significantly different from that detected from a large amount of biomolecules at the large-scale through traditional techniques, and can thus provide a novel perspective for the study of cell membrane structures and functions. However, the precise investigations of membrane biomolecules prompts researchers to explore cell membranes at the single molecule level by the use of in situ imaging methods, as the exact conformation and functions of biomolecules are highly controlled by the native cellular environment. Recently, the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes has attracted increasing attention from cell biologists and immunologists. The size of biomolecules and their clusters on the cell surface are set at the nanoscale, which makes it mandatory to use high- and super-resolution imaging techniques to realize the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. In the past few decades, some amazing imaging techniques and instruments with super resolution have been widely developed for molecule imaging, which can also be further employed for the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. In this review, we attempt to summarize the characteristics of these advanced techniques for use in the in situ single molecule imaging of cell membranes. We believe that this work will help to promote the technological and methodological developments of super-resolution techniques for the single molecule imaging of cell membranes and help researchers better understand which technique is most suitable for their future exploring of membrane biomolecules; ultimately promoting further developments in cell biology, immunology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technique, Macau, China.
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Li M, Xiao X, Zhang W, Liu L, Xi N, Wang Y. AFM analysis of the multiple types of molecular interactions involved in rituximab lymphoma therapy on patient tumor cells and NK cells. Cell Immunol 2014; 290:233-44. [PMID: 25117605 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab is a monoclonal antibody drug approved for the treatment of patients with lymphomas. Rituximab's main killing mechanism is antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). During ADCC, rituximab's fragment antigen binding (Fab) region binds to the CD20 antigen on the tumor cell and its fragment crystallizable (Fc) region binds to the Fc receptor (FcR) on the natural killer (NK) cells. In this study, two types of molecular interactions (CD20-rituximab, FcR-rituximab) involved in ADCC were measured simultaneously on cells prepared from biopsy specimens of lymphoma patients by utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM) with functionalized tips carrying rituximab. NK cells were detected by specific NKp46 fluorescent labeling and tumor cells were detected by specific ROR1 fluorescent labeling. Based on the fluorescence recognition, the binding affinity and distribution of FcRs on NK cells, and CD20 on tumor cells, were quantitatively measured and mapped. The binding affinity and distribution of FcRs (on NK cells) and CD20 (on tumor cells) were associated with rituximab clinical efficacy. The experimental results provide a new approach to simultaneously quantify the multiple types of molecular interactions involved in rituximab ADCC mechanism on patient biopsy cells, which is of potential clinical significance to predict rituximab efficacy for personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiubin Xiao
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Weijing Zhang
- Department of Lymphoma, Affiliated Hospital of Military Medical Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.
| | - Ning Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China; Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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Pieper C, Galla HJ. Ultra structure analysis of cell-cell interactions between pericytes and neutrophils in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:180-3. [PMID: 24495804 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils' adhesion to the endothelium during inflammatory is a well-known processes. In contrast the interaction of neutrophils with cells of the neurovascular unit after they have been transmigrated into the brain is less clear. Recently, lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) dependent subendothelial crawling of neutrophils has been observed in vivo. This is mediated by intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is expressed on the cell surface of pericytes. In our work we demonstrated in vitro a cell-cell interaction between porcine brain capillary pericytes (PBCPs) and neutrophils, with further characterization of the initial contact between these cells. PBCPs increase ICAM-1 protein expression in response to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Furthermore, an increase in neutrophil adhesion to PBCPs was determined by immunofluorescence staining. By means of scanning force microscopy (SFM), we could additionally show that pericytes as well as neutrophils form cell extensions towards the neighboring cell. Interestingly, these extensions differ for different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Pieper
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Galla
- Institute of Biochemistry, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Wilhelm-Klemm-Str. 2, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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