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Shen Z, Sheng H, Zhao J, Xu J, Cai Z, Zhang H, Guo Z, Liu J, Liang H, Tan L, Gan S, Huang J, Zhu S. AQP8 Modulates Mitochondrial H 2O 2 Transport to Influence Glioma Proliferation. Cancer Invest 2024; 42:345-356. [PMID: 38742677 DOI: 10.1080/07357907.2024.2352467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aquaporin-8 (AQP8) is involved in impacting glioma proliferation and can effect tumour growth by regulating Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) signalling levels. In addition to transporting H2O2, AQP8 has been shown to affect ROS signaling, but evidence is lacking in gliomas. In this study, we aimed to investigate how AQP8 affects ROS signaling in gliomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed A172 and U251 cell lines with AQP8 knockdown and AQP8 rescue by CRISPR/Cas9 technology and overexpression of lentiviral vectors. We used CCK-8 and flow cytometry to test cell proliferation and cycle, immunofluorescence and Mito-Tracker CMXRos to observe the distribution of AQP8 expression in glioma cells, Amplex and DHE to study mitochondria release of H2O2, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and NAD+/NADH ratio to assess mitochondrial function and protein blotting to detect p53 and p21 expression. RESULT We found that AQP8 co-localised with mitochondria and that knockdown of AQP8 inhibited the release of H2O2 from mitochondria and led to increased levels of ROS in mitochondria, thereby impairing mitochondrial function. We also discovered that AQP8 knockdown resulted in suppression of cell proliferation and was blocked at the G0/G1 phase with increased expression of mitochondrial ROS signalling-related p53/p21. CONCLUSIONS This finding provides further evidence for mechanistic studies of AQP8 as a prospective target for the treatment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZiHao Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - HuaJun Sheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Xi'an Hospital of TCM, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ZiLing Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - JunNan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - LiHao Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ShengWei Gan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Juan Huang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - ShuJuan Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
- Neuroscience Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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Bhattacharjee A, Jana A, Bhattacharjee S, Mitra S, De S, Alghamdi BS, Alam MZ, Mahmoud AB, Al Shareef Z, Abdel-Rahman WM, Woon-Khiong C, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Ashraf GM. The role of Aquaporins in tumorigenesis: implications for therapeutic development. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:106. [PMID: 38336645 PMCID: PMC10854195 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01459-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are ubiquitous channel proteins that play a critical role in the homeostasis of the cellular environment by allowing the transit of water, chemicals, and ions. They can be found in many different types of cells and organs, including the lungs, eyes, brain, glands, and blood vessels. By controlling the osmotic water flux in processes like cell growth, energy metabolism, migration, adhesion, and proliferation, AQPs are capable of exerting their regulatory influence over a wide range of cellular processes. Tumour cells of varying sources express AQPs significantly, especially in malignant tumours with a high propensity for metastasis. New insights into the roles of AQPs in cell migration and proliferation reinforce the notion that AQPs are crucial players in tumour biology. AQPs have recently been shown to be a powerful tool in the fight against pathogenic antibodies and metastatic cell migration, despite the fact that the molecular processes of aquaporins in pathology are not entirely established. In this review, we shall discuss the several ways in which AQPs are expressed in the body, the unique roles they play in tumorigenesis, and the novel therapeutic approaches that could be adopted to treat carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadyuti Bhattacharjee
- Morningside Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, USA
| | - Ankit Jana
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore
| | - Swagato Bhattacharjee
- KoshKey Sciences Pvt Ltd, Canara Bank Layout, Karnataka, Bengaluru, Rajiv Gandhi Nagar, Kodigehalli, 560065, India
| | - Sankalan Mitra
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT-DU), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Swagata De
- Department of English, DDE Unit, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal, 713104, India
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Zubair Alam
- Pre-clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah, Almunwarah, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al Shareef
- College of Medicine, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wael M Abdel-Rahman
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chan Woon-Khiong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117558, Singapore.
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, 1030, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, NSW, 2770, Australia
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, 42283, Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates.
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Hao Z, Huajun S, Zhen G, Yu X, Qian L, Ziling C, Zihao S, Qingqian X, Shujuan Z. AQP8 promotes glioma proliferation and growth, possibly through the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:516. [PMID: 37280594 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11025-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aquaporin (AQP) family of proteins has been implicated in the proliferation and growth of gliomas. Expression of AQP8 is higher in human glioma tissues than in normal brain tissues and is positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma, suggesting that this protein is also involved in the proliferation and growth of glioma. However, the mechanism by which AQP8 promotes the proliferation and growth of glioma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism and role of abnormal AQP8 expression in glioma development. METHODS The dCas9-SAM and CRISPR/Cas9 techniques were used to construct viruses with overexpressed and knocked down AQP8, respectively, and infect A172 and U251 cell lines. The effects of AQP8 on the proliferation and growth of glioma and its mechanism via the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were observed using cell clone, transwell, flow cytometry, Hoechst, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays. A nude mouse tumor model was also established. RESULTS Overexpression of AQP8 resulted in an increased number of cell clones and cell proliferation, enhanced cell invasion and migration, decreased apoptosis and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression, and increased phosphorylated serine/threonine protein kinase (p-AKT) expression and ROS level, whereas the AQP8 knockdown groups showed opposite results. In the animal experiments, the AQP8 overexpression group had higher tumor volume and weight, whereas the AQP8 knockdown group had lower tumor volume and weight compared with those parameters measured in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our results preliminary suggest that AQP8 overexpression alters the ROS/PTEN/AKT signaling pathway, promoting the proliferation, migration, and invasion of gliomas. Therefore, AQP8 may be a potential therapeutic target in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Hao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Sheng Huajun
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Guo Zhen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xing Yu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liu Qian
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Cai Ziling
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shen Zihao
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xia Qingqian
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhu Shujuan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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Cai Z, Shen Z, Zhao J, Zhang H, Guo Z, Xia Q, Liang H, Liu J, Tan L, Sheng H, Zhu S. AQP8 may affect glioma proliferation and growth by regulating GSK-3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β-catenin. Int J Dev Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37081713 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to examine the impact of AQP8 on the proliferation and development of human glioma cell lines A172 and U251 and to determine if aquaporin 8 (AQP8) is associated with GSK-3β phosphorylation and nuclear transport of β-catenin in the Wnt signaling pathway. METHODS AQP8 knockdown cell lines were constructed using a CRISPR/Cas9 double vector lentivirus infection. SAM/dCas9 was used to construct AQP8 overexpression cell lines and the CV084 lentivirus vector was used to construct AQP8 rescue cell lines. AQP8 and its mRNA, and phosphorylated GSK-3β, β-catenin, and other related proteins, were detected using western blot and qRT-PCR. Glioma cell apoptosis was detected using Hoechst 33342 dye. The migration of glioma cells was discovered using a wound healing assay. β-catenin localization in cells was detected using immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The proliferative and migratory capacities of A172 and U251 cells were significantly enhanced after AQP8 overexpression. The Wnt signaling pathways appeared to have higher levels of phosphorylated GSK-3β and β-catenin, and a rise in the fluorescence intensity ratio of β-catenin in the nucleus and cytoplasm, which suggests that β-catenin translocated into the nucleus, while AQP8 knockdown produced the opposite effect. Further, overexpression of AQP8 in AQP8 knockdown cell lines rescued the reduction of related protein levels caused by AQP8 knockdown. CONCLUSION High AQP8 expression promotes proliferation and growth of glioma cells, a process associated with phosphorylation of GSK-3β and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Cai
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zihao Shen
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Xi'an Hospital of TCM, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqian Xia
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Liang
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junnan Liu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihao Tan
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huajun Sheng
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujuan Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Choroid Plexus Aquaporins in CSF Homeostasis and the Glymphatic System: Their Relevance for Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010878. [PMID: 36614315 PMCID: PMC9821203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The glymphatic system, a fluid-clearance pathway involved in brain waste clearance, is known to be impaired in neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For this reason, it is important to understand the specific mechanisms and factors controlling glymphatic function. This pathway enables the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) into the brain and subsequently the brain interstitium, supported by aquaporins (AQPs). Continuous CSF transport through the brain parenchyma is critical for the effective transport and drainage of waste solutes, such as toxic proteins, through the glymphatic system. However, a balance between CSF production and secretion from the choroid plexus, through AQP regulation, is also needed. Thus, any condition that affects CSF homeostasis will also interfere with effective waste removal through the clearance glymphatic pathway and the subsequent processes of neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight the role of AQPs in the choroid plexus in the modulation of CSF homeostasis and, consequently, the glymphatic clearance pathway, with a special focus on AD.
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Xiao M, Hou J, Xu M, Li S, Yang B. Aquaporins in Nervous System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1398:99-124. [PMID: 36717489 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-19-7415-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the nine AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2, and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica, brain tumors, and neurodegenerative disorders. Moreover, AQP4 has been demonstrated as a functional regulator of recently discovered glymphatic system that is a main contributor to clearance of toxic macromolecule from the brain. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiao
- Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaoyu Hou
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengmeng Xu
- Basic Medical College, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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The Water Transport System in Astrocytes–Aquaporins. Cells 2022; 11:cells11162564. [PMID: 36010640 PMCID: PMC9406552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11162564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Highlights (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for fast water movement across cell membranes, including those of astrocytes. The expression and subcellular localization of AQPs in astrocytes are highly dynamic under physiological and pathological conditions. Besides their primary function in water homeostasis, AQPs participate in many ancillary functions including glutamate clearance in tripartite synapses and cell migration.
Abstract Astrocytes have distinctive morphological and functional characteristics, and are found throughout the central nervous system. Astrocytes are now known to be far more than just housekeeping cells in the brain. Their functions include contributing to the formation of the blood–brain barrier, physically and metabolically supporting and communicating with neurons, regulating the formation and functions of synapses, and maintaining water homeostasis and the microenvironment in the brain. Aquaporins (AQPs) are transmembrane proteins responsible for fast water movement across cell membranes. Various subtypes of AQPs (AQP1, AQP3, AQP4, AQP5, AQP8 and AQP9) have been reported to be expressed in astrocytes, and the expressions and subcellular localizations of AQPs in astrocytes are highly correlated with both their physiological and pathophysiological functions. This review describes and summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of astrocytes and AQPs in regard to controlling water homeostasis in the brain. Findings regarding the features of different AQP subtypes, such as their expression, subcellular localization, physiological functions, and the pathophysiological roles of astrocytes are presented, with brain edema and glioma serving as two representative AQP-associated pathological conditions. The aim is to provide a better insight into the elaborate “water distribution” system in cells, exemplified by astrocytes, under normal and pathological conditions.
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Cellular Distribution of Brain Aquaporins and Their Contribution to Cerebrospinal Fluid Homeostasis and Hydrocephalus. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040530. [PMID: 35454119 PMCID: PMC9025855 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain aquaporins facilitate the movement of water between the four water compartments: blood, cerebrospinal fluid, interstitial fluid, and intracellular fluid. This work analyzes the expression of the four most abundant aquaporins (AQPs) (AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, and AQP11) in the brains of mice and discuss their contribution to hydrocephalus. We analyzed available data from single-cell RNA sequencing of the central nervous system of mice to describe the expression of aquaporins and compare their distribution with that based on qPCR, western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays. Expression of AQP1 in the apical cell membrane of choroid plexus epithelial cells and of AQP4 in ependymal cells, glia limitans, and astrocyte processes in the pericapillary end foot is consistent with the involvement of both proteins in cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis. The expression of both aquaporins compensates for experimentally induced hydrocephalus in the animals. Recent data demonstrate that hypoxia in aged animals alters AQP4 expression in the choroidal plexus and cortex, increasing the ventricle size and intraventricular pressure. Cerebral distensibility is reduced in parallel with a reduction in cerebrospinal fluid drainage and cognitive deterioration. We propose that aged mice chronically exposed to hypoxia represent an excellent experimental model for studying the pathophysiological characteristics of idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus and roles for AQPs in such disease.
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Dutta A, Das M. Deciphering the Role of Aquaporins in Metabolic Diseases: A Mini Review. Am J Med Sci 2022; 364:148-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Chow PH, Bowen J, Yool AJ. Combined Systematic Review and Transcriptomic Analyses of Mammalian Aquaporin Classes 1 to 10 as Biomarkers and Prognostic Indicators in Diverse Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1911. [PMID: 32679804 PMCID: PMC7409285 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) channels enable regulated transport of water and solutes essential for fluid homeostasis, but they are gaining attention as targets for anticancer therapies. Patterns of AQP expression and survival rates for patients were evaluated by systematic review (PubMed and Embase) and transcriptomic analyses of RNAseq data (Human Protein Atlas database). Meta-analyses confirmed predominantly negative associations between AQP protein and RNA expression levels and patient survival times, most notably for AQP1 in lung, breast and prostate cancers; AQP3 in esophageal, liver and breast cancers; and AQP9 in liver cancer. Patterns of AQP expression were clustered for groups of cancers and associated with risk of death. A quantitative transcriptomic analysis of AQP1-10 in human cancer biopsies similarly showed that increased transcript levels of AQPs 1, 3, 5 and 9 were most frequently associated with poor survival. Unexpectedly, increased AQP7 and AQP8 levels were associated with better survival times in glioma, ovarian and endometrial cancers, and increased AQP11 with better survival in colorectal and breast cancers. Although molecular mechanisms of aquaporins in pathology or protection remain to be fully defined, results here support the hypothesis that overexpression of selected classes of AQPs differentially augments cancer progression. Beyond fluid homeostasis, potential roles for AQPs in cancers (suggested from an expanding appreciation of their functions in normal tissues) include cell motility, membrane process extension, transport of signaling molecules, control of proliferation and apoptosis, increased mechanical compliance, and gas exchange. AQP expression also has been linked to differences in sensitivity to chemotherapy treatments, suggesting possible roles as biomarkers for personalized treatments. Development of AQP pharmacological modulators, administered in cancer-specific combinations, might inspire new interventions for controlling malignant carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrea J Yool
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide SA 5005, Australia; (P.H.C.); (J.B.)
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Dasdelen D, Mogulkoc R, Baltaci AK. Aquaporins and Roles in Brain Health and Brain Injury. Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:498-512. [DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191018142007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the literature screening, aquaporins were found in the cerebral structures including the pia mater, choroid plexus, ependyma, piriform cortex, hippocampus, dorsal thalamus, supraoptic and suprachiasmatic nuclei, white matter and subcortical organ. Among these, the most common are AQP1, AQP4, and AQP9. The roles of aquaporins have been demonstrated in several diseases such as cerebral edema, various central nervous system tumors, Alzheimer’s Disease and epilepsy. In this review, the relationship between brain/brain-injury and aquaporin, has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dervis Dasdelen
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Rasim Mogulkoc
- Department of Physiology, Medical Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Shchepareva ME, Zakharova MN. Functional Role of Aquaporins in the Nervous System under Normal and Pathological Conditions. NEUROCHEM J+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712420010171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Nordzieke DE, Medraño-Fernandez I. The Plasma Membrane: A Platform for Intra- and Intercellular Redox Signaling. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7110168. [PMID: 30463362 PMCID: PMC6262572 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7110168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Membranes are of outmost importance to allow for specific signal transduction due to their ability to localize, amplify, and direct signals. However, due to the double-edged nature of reactive oxygen species (ROS)—toxic at high concentrations but essential signal molecules—subcellular localization of ROS-producing systems to the plasma membrane has been traditionally regarded as a protective strategy to defend cells from unwanted side-effects. Nevertheless, specialized regions, such as lipid rafts and caveolae, house and regulate the activated/inhibited states of important ROS-producing systems and concentrate redox targets, demonstrating that plasma membrane functions may go beyond acting as a securing lipid barrier. This is nicely evinced by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases (NOX), enzymes whose primary function is to generate ROS and which have been shown to reside in specific lipid compartments. In addition, membrane-inserted bidirectional H2O2-transporters modulate their conductance precisely during the passage of the molecules through the lipid bilayer, ensuring time-scaled delivery of the signal. This review aims to summarize current evidence supporting the role of the plasma membrane as an organizing center that serves as a platform for redox signal transmission, particularly NOX-driven, providing specificity at the same time that limits undesirable oxidative damage in case of malfunction. As an example of malfunction, we explore several pathological situations in which an inflammatory component is present, such as inflammatory bowel disease and neurodegenerative disorders, to illustrate how dysregulation of plasma-membrane-localized redox signaling impacts normal cell physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela E Nordzieke
- Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg August University Göttingen, Grisebachstr. 8, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Iria Medraño-Fernandez
- Protein Transport and Secretion Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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14
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Hu YC, Yan LF, Sun Q, Liu ZC, Wang SM, Han Y, Tian Q, Sun YZ, Zheng DD, Wang W, Cui GB. Comparison between ultra-high and conventional mono b-value DWI for preoperative glioma grading. Oncotarget 2018; 8:37884-37895. [PMID: 28039453 PMCID: PMC5514959 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the efficacy of ultra-high and conventional mono-b-value DWI for glioma grading, in 109 pathologically confirmed glioma patients, ultra-high apparent diffusion coefficient (ADCuh)was calculated using a tri-exponential mode, distributed diffusion coefficients (DDCs) and α values were calculated using a stretched-exponential model, and conventional ADC values were calculated using a mono-exponential model. The efficacy and reliability of parameters for grading gliomas were investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and intra-class correlation (ICC) analyses, respectively. The ADCuh values differed (P < 0.001) between low-grade gliomas (LGGs; 0.436 ×10−3 mm2/sec) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs; 0.285 × 10−3 mm2/sec). DDC, a and various conventional ADC values were smaller in HGGs (all P ≤ 0.001, vs. LGGs). The ADCuh parameter achieved the highest diagnostic efficacy with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.993, 92.9% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity for glioma grading at a cutoff value of 0.362×10−3 mm2/sec. ADCuh measurement appears to be an easy-to-perform technique with good reproducibility (ICC = 0.9391, P < 0.001). The ADCuh value based in a tri-exponential model exhibited greater efficacy and reliability than other DWI parameters, making it a promising technique for glioma grading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chuan Hu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lin-Feng Yan
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shu-Mei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Tian
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying-Zhi Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zheng
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare China, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guang-Bin Cui
- Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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15
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Yan D, Sherman JH, Keidar M. Cold atmospheric plasma, a novel promising anti-cancer treatment modality. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15977-15995. [PMID: 27845910 PMCID: PMC5362540 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a near room temperature ionized gas has shown its promising application in cancer therapy. Two CAP devices, namely dielectric barrier discharge and plasma jet, show significantly anti-cancer capacity over dozens of cancer cell lines in vitro and several subcutaneous xenograft tumors in vivo. In contrast to conventional anti-cancer approaches and drugs, CAP is a selective anti-cancer treatment modality. Thus far establishing the chemical and molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer capacity of CAP is far from complete. In this review, we provide a comprehensive introduction of the basics of CAP, state of the art research in this field, the primary challenges, and future directions to cancer biologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayun Yan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonathan H Sherman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, The George Washington University,Washington, DC, USA
| | - Michael Keidar
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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16
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Shi YH, Tuokan T, Lin C, Chang H. Aquaporin 8 involvement in human cervical cancer SiHa migration via the EGFR-Erk1/2 pathway. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 15:6391-5. [PMID: 25124631 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.15.6391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of aquaporins (AQPs) has been reported in several human cancers. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (Erk1/2) are associated with tumorigenesis and cancer progression and may upregulate AQP expression. In this study, we demonstrated that EGF (epidermal growth factor) induces SiHa cells migration and AQP8 expression. Wound healing results showed that cell migration was increased by 2.79-1.50-fold at 24 h and 48 h after EGF treatment. AQP8 expression was significantly increased (3.33-fold) at 48 h after EGF treatment in SiHa cells. An EGFR kinase inhibitor, PD153035, blocked EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration and AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.59-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (PD153035-treated) in SiHa. Furthermore, the MEK (MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/Erk (extracellular signal regulated kinase)/Erk inhibitor U0126 also inhibited EGF-induced AQP8 expression and cell migration. AQP8 expression was decreased from 1.21-fold (EGF-treated) to 0.43-fold (U0126-treated). Immunofluorescence microscopy further confirmed the results. Collectively, our findings show that EGF induces AQP8 expression and cell migration in human cervical cancer SiHa cells via the EGFR/Erk1/2 signal transduction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Hua Shi
- Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang, China E-mail :
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17
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Van der Paal J, Verheyen C, Neyts EC, Bogaerts A. Hampering Effect of Cholesterol on the Permeation of Reactive Oxygen Species through Phospholipids Bilayer: Possible Explanation for Plasma Cancer Selectivity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39526. [PMID: 28059085 PMCID: PMC5216346 DOI: 10.1038/srep39526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the ability of cold atmospheric pressure plasmas (CAPS) to selectively induce cell death in cancer cells has been widely established. This selectivity has been assigned to the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) created in CAPs. To provide new insights in the search for an explanation for the observed selectivity, we calculate the transfer free energy of multiple ROS across membranes containing a varying amount of cholesterol. The cholesterol fraction is investigated as a selectivity parameter because membranes of cancer cells are known to contain lower fractions of cholesterol compared to healthy cells. We find that cholesterol has a significant effect on the permeation of reactive species across a membrane. Indeed, depending on the specific reactive species, an increasing cholesterol fraction can lead to (i) an increase of the transfer free energy barrier height and width, (ii) the formation of a local free energy minimum in the center of the membrane and (iii) the creation of extra free energy barriers due to the bulky sterol rings. In the context of plasma oncology, these observations suggest that the increased ingress of RONS in cancer cells can be explained by the decreased cholesterol fraction of their cell membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Van der Paal
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudia Verheyen
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Erik C. Neyts
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Research group PLASMANT, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk-Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs ) mediate water flux between the four distinct water compartments in the central nervous system (CNS). In the present chapter, we mainly focus on the expression and function of the 9 AQPs expressed in the CNS, which include five members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AQP6, and AQP8; three members of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9; and one member of superaquaporin subfamily: AQP11. In addition, AQP1, AQP2 and AQP4 expressed in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are also reviewed. AQP4, the predominant water channel in the CNS, is involved both in the astrocyte swelling of cytotoxic edema and the resolution of vasogenic edema, and is of pivotal importance in the pathology of brain disorders such as neuromyelitis optica , brain tumors and Alzheimer's disease. Other AQPs are also involved in a variety of important physiological and pathological process in the brain. It has been suggested that AQPs could represent an important target in treatment of brain disorders like cerebral edema. Future investigations are necessary to elucidate the pathological significance of AQPs in the CNS.
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19
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Filippidis AS, Carozza RB, Rekate HL. Aquaporins in Brain Edema and Neuropathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 18:ijms18010055. [PMID: 28036023 PMCID: PMC5297690 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The aquaporin (AQP) family of water channels are a group of small, membrane-spanning proteins that are vital for the rapid transport of water across the plasma membrane. These proteins are widely expressed, from tissues such as the renal epithelium and erythrocytes to the various cells of the central nervous system. This review will elucidate the basic structure and distribution of aquaporins and discuss the role of aquaporins in various neuropathologies. AQP1 and AQP4, the two primary aquaporin molecules of the central nervous system, regulate brain water and CSF movement and contribute to cytotoxic and vasogenic edema, where they control the size of the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes, respectively. AQP4 expression is vital to the cellular migration and angiogenesis at the heart of tumor growth; AQP4 is central to dysfunctions in glutamate metabolism, synaptogenesis, and memory consolidation; and AQP1 and AQP4 adaptations have been seen in obstructive and non-obstructive hydrocephalus and may be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristotelis S Filippidis
- Division of Neurosurgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical School, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Medical Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | | | - Harold L Rekate
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Chiari Institute, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA.
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20
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Arcucci A, Ruocco MR, Granato G, Sacco AM, Montagnani S. Cancer: An Oxidative Crosstalk between Solid Tumor Cells and Cancer Associated Fibroblasts. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:4502846. [PMID: 27595103 PMCID: PMC4993917 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4502846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Redox balance is associated with the regulation of several cell signalling pathways and functions. In fact, under physiological conditions, cells maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant systems, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) can act as second messengers to regulate cell proliferation, cell death, and other physiological processes. Cancer tissues usually contain higher levels of ROS than normal tissues, and this ROS overproduction is associated with tumor development. Neoplastic tissues are very heterogeneous systems, composed of tumor cells and microenvironment that has a critical role in tumor progression. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) represent the main cell type of tumor microenvironment, and they contribute to tumor growth by undergoing an irreversible activation process. It is known that ROS can be transferred from cancer cells to fibroblasts. In particular, ROS affect the behaviour of CAFs by promoting the conversion of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts that support tumor progression and dissemination. Furthermore, the wrecking of redox homeostasis in cancer cells and tumor microenvironment induces a metabolic reprogramming in tumor cells and cancer associated fibroblasts, giving advantage to cancer growth. This review describes the role of ROS in tumor growth, by focusing on CAFs activation and metabolic interactions between cancer cells and stromal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Arcucci
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Ruocco
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Granato
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Sacco
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Montagnani
- Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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21
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Maugeri R, Schiera G, Di Liegro CM, Fricano A, Iacopino DG, Di Liegro I. Aquaporins and Brain Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071029. [PMID: 27367682 PMCID: PMC4964405 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain primary tumors are among the most diverse and complex human cancers, and they are normally classified on the basis of the cell-type and/or the grade of malignancy (the most malignant being glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), grade IV). Glioma cells are able to migrate throughout the brain and to stimulate angiogenesis, by inducing brain capillary endothelial cell proliferation. This in turn causes loss of tight junctions and fragility of the blood–brain barrier, which becomes leaky. As a consequence, the most serious clinical complication of glioblastoma is the vasogenic brain edema. Both glioma cell migration and edema have been correlated with modification of the expression/localization of different isoforms of aquaporins (AQPs), a family of water channels, some of which are also involved in the transport of other small molecules, such as glycerol and urea. In this review, we discuss relationships among expression/localization of AQPs and brain tumors/edema, also focusing on the possible role of these molecules as both diagnostic biomarkers of cancer progression, and therapeutic targets. Finally, we will discuss the possibility that AQPs, together with other cancer promoting factors, can be exchanged among brain cells via extracellular vesicles (EVs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Maugeri
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Carlo Maria Di Liegro
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Anna Fricano
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
- Department of Biological Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo (UNIPA), Palermo I-90128, Italy.
| | - Domenico Gerardo Iacopino
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BIONEC), University of Palermo, Palermo I-90127, Italy.
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22
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Toward understanding the selective anticancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma--a model based on aquaporins (Review). Biointerphases 2015; 10:040801. [PMID: 26700469 DOI: 10.1116/1.4938020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Selectively treating tumor cells is the ongoing challenge of modern cancer therapy. Recently, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), a near room-temperature ionized gas, has been demonstrated to exhibit selective anticancer behavior. However, the mechanism governing such selectivity is still largely unknown. In this review, the authors first summarize the progress that has been made applying CAP as a selective tool for cancer treatment. Then, the key role of aquaporins in the H2O2 transmembrane diffusion is discussed. Finally, a novel model, based on the expression of aquaporins, is proposed to explain why cancer cells respond to CAP treatment with a greater rise in reactive oxygen species than homologous normal cells. Cancer cells tend to express more aquaporins on their cytoplasmic membranes, which may cause the H2O2 uptake speed in cancer cells to be faster than in normal cells. As a result, CAP treatment kills cancer cells more easily than normal cells. Our preliminary observations indicated that glioblastoma cells consumed H2O2 much faster than did astrocytes in either the CAP-treated or H2O2-rich media, which supported the selective model based on aquaporins.
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23
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Principles of using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulated Media for Cancer Treatment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18339. [PMID: 26677750 PMCID: PMC4683589 DOI: 10.1038/srep18339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the significant anti-cancer capacity of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on dozens of cancer cell lines has been demonstrated in vitro and in mice models. Conventionally, CAP was directly applied to irradiate cancer cells or tumor tissue. Over past three years, the CAP irradiated media was also found to kill cancer cells as effectively as the direct CAP treatment. As a novel strategy, using the CAP stimulated (CAPs) media has become a promising anti-cancer tool. In this study, we demonstrated several principles to optimize the anti-cancer capacity of the CAPs media on glioblastoma cells and breast cancer cells. Specifically, using larger wells on a multi-well plate, smaller gaps between the plasma source and the media, and smaller media volume enabled us to obtain a stronger anti-cancer CAPs media composition without increasing the treatment time. Furthermore, cysteine was the main target of effective reactive species in the CAPs media. Glioblastoma cells were more resistant to the CAPs media than breast cancer cells. Glioblastoma cells consumed the effective reactive species faster than breast cancer cells did. In contrast to nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide was more likely to be the effective reactive species.
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24
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Extracellular Membrane Vesicles as Vehicles for Brain Cell-to-Cell Interactions in Physiological as well as Pathological Conditions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:152926. [PMID: 26583089 PMCID: PMC4637152 DOI: 10.1155/2015/152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are involved in a great variety of physiological events occurring in the nervous system, such as cross talk among neurons and glial cells in synapse development and function, integrated neuronal plasticity, neuronal-glial metabolic exchanges, and synthesis and dynamic renewal of myelin. Many of these EV-mediated processes depend on the exchange of proteins, mRNAs, and noncoding RNAs, including miRNAs, which occurs among glial and neuronal cells. In addition, production and exchange of EVs can be modified under pathological conditions, such as brain cancer and neurodegeneration. Like other cancer cells, brain tumours can use EVs to secrete factors, which allow escaping from immune surveillance, and to transfer molecules into the surrounding cells, thus transforming their phenotype. Moreover, EVs can function as a way to discard material dangerous to cancer cells, such as differentiation-inducing proteins, and even drugs. Intriguingly, EVs seem to be also involved in spreading through the brain of aggregated proteins, such as prions and aggregated tau protein. Finally, EVs can carry useful biomarkers for the early diagnosis of diseases. Herein we summarize possible roles of EVs in brain physiological functions and discuss their involvement in the horizontal spreading, from cell to cell, of both cancer and neurodegenerative pathologies.
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25
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Wang L, Zhang Y, Wu X, Yu G. Aquaporins: New Targets for Cancer Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:821-828. [PMID: 26438607 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615607693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporins are a family of integral membrane proteins that are expressed in all living organisms and play vital roles in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. Cell viability and motility are critical for progression of cancer. Cell survival requires the suitable concentration of water and solutes. The balance is largely maintained by aquaporins whose major function is the transport of water and small solutes across the plasma membrane. The important role of aquaporins has received more and more attention in the recent years. A number of recent studies have revealed that aquaporins may be involved in cell migration and angiogenesis. This review will highlight the expression of aquaporins in different malignant neoplasms. Remarkably, we will summarize the influence of drugs on aquaporins, not only the traditional Chinese medicine but also the Western medicine. Therapeutic targeting of aquaporins may thus be advantageous for blocking the mechanism common for a number of key cancer phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- Clinical Oncology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Kuiwen, Weifang, China
| | - Yixiang Zhang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Second People's Hospital of Weifang, Kuiwen, Weifang, China
| | - Xiongzhi Wu
- Patient Department, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Hexi, Tianjin, China
| | - Guohua Yu
- Clinical Oncology Department, Weifang People's Hospital, Kuiwen, Weifang, China
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26
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Simon OJ, Müntefering T, Grauer OM, Meuth SG. The role of ion channels in malignant brain tumors. J Neurooncol 2015; 125:225-35. [PMID: 26334315 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-015-1896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common primary brain tumors and have poor clinical prognosis, despite multimodal therapeutic strategies. In recent years, ion channels have emerged as major players in tumor pathophysiology regarding all hallmarks of cancer. Since ion channels are easily accessible structures, they may prove to be effective targets for canner therapy, although their broad expression pattern and role in physiological processes should be taken into consideration. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the role of ion channels in the pathophysiology of malignant gliomas, especially glioblastoma, and evaluates their potential role in targeted antiglioma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ole J Simon
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Thomas Müntefering
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver M Grauer
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149, Münster, Germany
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27
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Dubois LG, Campanati L, Righy C, D'Andrea-Meira I, Spohr TCLDSE, Porto-Carreiro I, Pereira CM, Balça-Silva J, Kahn SA, DosSantos MF, Oliveira MDAR, Ximenes-da-Silva A, Lopes MC, Faveret E, Gasparetto EL, Moura-Neto V. Gliomas and the vascular fragility of the blood brain barrier. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:418. [PMID: 25565956 PMCID: PMC4264502 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, members of the glial family, interact through the exchange of soluble factors or by directly contacting neurons and other brain cells, such as microglia and endothelial cells. Astrocytic projections interact with vessels and act as additional elements of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). By mechanisms not fully understood, astrocytes can undergo oncogenic transformation and give rise to gliomas. The tumors take advantage of the BBB to ensure survival and continuous growth. A glioma can develop into a very aggressive tumor, the glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by a highly heterogeneous cell population (including tumor stem cells), extensive proliferation and migration. Nevertheless, gliomas can also give rise to slow growing tumors and in both cases, the afflux of blood, via BBB is crucial. Glioma cells migrate to different regions of the brain guided by the extension of blood vessels, colonizing the healthy adjacent tissue. In the clinical context, GBM can lead to tumor-derived seizures, which represent a challenge to patients and clinicians, since drugs used for its treatment must be able to cross the BBB. Uncontrolled and fast growth also leads to the disruption of the chimeric and fragile vessels in the tumor mass resulting in peritumoral edema. Although hormonal therapy is currently used to control the edema, it is not always efficient. In this review we comment the points cited above, considering the importance of the BBB and the concerns that arise when this barrier is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Gustavo Dubois
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Loraine Campanati
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cassia Righy
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Maria Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Escola de Ciências da Saúde (ECS), Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO) Duque de Caxias, Brazil
| | - Joana Balça-Silva
- Centro de Neurociência e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Suzana Assad Kahn
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos F DosSantos
- Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Ximenes-da-Silva
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Maceió Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Maria Celeste Lopes
- Centro de Neurociência e Biologia Celular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Coimbra Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Faveret
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Vivaldo Moura-Neto
- Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rua do Rezende Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ; Laboratório de Morfogênese Celular, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas da, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Papadopoulos MC, Saadoun S. Key roles of aquaporins in tumor biology. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2576-83. [PMID: 25204262 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Revised: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporins are protein channels that facilitate the flow of water across plasma cell membranes in response to osmotic gradients. This review summarizes the evidence that aquaporins play key roles in tumor biology including tumor-associated edema, tumor cell migration, tumor proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. Aquaporin inhibitors may thus be a novel class of anti-tumor agents. However, attempts to produce small molecule aquaporin inhibitors have been largely unsuccessful. Recently, monoclonal human IgG antibodies against extracellular aquaporin-4 domains have become available and could be engineered to kill aquaporin-4 over-expressing cells in the malignant brain tumor glioblastoma. We conclude this review by discussing future directions in aquaporin tumor research. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samira Saadoun
- Academic Neurosurgery Unit, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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