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Nashchekina Y, Guryanov E, Lihachev A, Vaganov G, Popova E, Mikhailova N, Nashchekin A. Effect of Phytic Acid Addition on the Structure of Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Composite Gel. Gels 2023; 9:963. [PMID: 38131949 PMCID: PMC10743047 DOI: 10.3390/gels9120963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Composite collagen gels with hyaluronic acid are developed tissue-engineered structures for filling and regeneration of defects in various organs and tissues. For the first time, phytic acid was used to increase the stability and improve the mechanical properties of collagen gels with hyaluronic acid. Phytic acid is a promising cross-linker for collagen hydrogels and is a plant-derived antioxidant found in rich sources of beans, grains, and oilseeds. Phytic acid has several benefits due to its antioxidant, anticancer, and antitumor properties. In this work, studies were carried out on the kinetics of the self-assembly of collagen molecules in the presence of phytic and hyaluronic acids. It was shown that both of these acids do not lead to collagen self-assembly. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in the presence of phytic and hyaluronic acids, the collagen fibrils had a native structure, and the FTIR method confirmed the chemical cross-links between the collagen fibrils. DSC and rheological studies demonstrated that adding the phytic acid improved the stability and modulus of elasticity of the collagen gel. The presence of hyaluronic acid in the collagen gel slightly reduced the effect of phytic acid. The presence of phytic acid in the collagen gel improved the stability of the scaffold, but, after 1 week of cultivation, slightly reduced the viability of mesenchymal stromal cells cultured in the gel. The collagen type I gel with hyaluronic and phytic acids can be used to replace tissue defects, especially after the removal of cancerous tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Nashchekina
- Center of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Evgeny Guryanov
- Center of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Alexey Lihachev
- Laboratory «Characterization of Materials and Structures of Solid State Electronics», Ioffe Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Gleb Vaganov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O., Bol’shoy Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Elena Popova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, V.O., Bol’shoy Pr. 31, 199004 St. Petersburg, Russia; (G.V.); (E.P.)
| | - Natalya Mikhailova
- Center of Cell Technologies, Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia; (E.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Alexey Nashchekin
- Laboratory «Characterization of Materials and Structures of Solid State Electronics», Ioffe Institute, Polytekhnicheskaya St. 26, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia; (A.L.); (A.N.)
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Li X, Zhang X, Hao M, Wang D, Jiang Z, Sun L, Gao Y, Jin Y, Lei P, Zhuo Y. The application of collagen in the repair of peripheral nerve defect. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:973301. [PMID: 36213073 PMCID: PMC9542778 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.973301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen is a natural polymer expressed in the extracellular matrix of the peripheral nervous system. It has become increasingly crucial in peripheral nerve reconstruction as it was involved in regulating Schwann cell behaviors, maintaining peripheral nerve functions during peripheral nerve development, and being strongly upregulated after nerve injury to promote peripheral nerve regeneration. Moreover, its biological properties, such as low immunogenicity, excellent biocompatibility, and biodegradability make it a suitable biomaterial for peripheral nerve repair. Collagen provides a suitable microenvironment to support Schwann cells’ growth, proliferation, and migration, thereby improving the regeneration and functional recovery of peripheral nerves. This review aims to summarize the characteristics of collagen as a biomaterial, analyze its role in peripheral nerve regeneration, and provide a detailed overview of the recent advances concerning the optimization of collagen nerve conduits in terms of physical properties and structure, as well as the application of the combination with the bioactive component in peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Li
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Hao
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal Center, College of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ziping Jiang
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjian Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Colorectal and Anal Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ye Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Lei
- Department of Neurology and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
| | - Yue Zhuo
- School of Acupuncture-Moxi Bustion and Tuina, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Lei, ; Yue Zhuo,
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Dhawan V, Cui XT. Carbohydrate based biomaterials for neural interface applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:4714-4740. [PMID: 35702979 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00584k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroprosthetic devices that record and modulate neural activities have demonstrated immense potential for bypassing or restoring lost neurological functions due to neural injuries and disorders. However, implantable electrical devices interfacing with brain tissue are susceptible to a series of inflammatory tissue responses along with mechanical or electrical failures which can affect the device performance over time. Several biomaterial strategies have been implemented to improve device-tissue integration for high quality and stable performance. Ranging from developing smaller, softer, and more flexible electrode designs to introducing bioactive coatings and drug-eluting layers on the electrode surface, such strategies have shown different degrees of success but with limitations. With their hydrophilic properties and specific bioactivities, carbohydrates offer a potential solution for addressing some of the limitations of the existing biomolecular approaches. In this review, we summarize the role of polysaccharides in the central nervous system, with a primary focus on glycoproteins and proteoglycans, to shed light on their untapped potential as biomaterials for neural implants. Utilization of glycosaminoglycans for neural interface and tissue regeneration applications is comprehensively reviewed to provide the current state of carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural implants. Finally, we will discuss the challenges and opportunities of applying carbohydrate-based biomaterials for neural tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishnavi Dhawan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinyan Tracy Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Promotion of Adrenal Pheochromocytoma (PC-12) Cell Proliferation and Outgrowth Using Schwann Cell-Laden Gelatin Methacrylate Substrate. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020084. [PMID: 35200467 PMCID: PMC8871842 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries cause different degrees of nerve palsy and function loss. Due to the limitations of autografts, nerve tissue engineering (TE) scaffolds incorporated with various neurotrophic factors and cells have been investigated to promote nerve regeneration. However, the molecular mechanism is still poorly understood. In this study, we co-cultured Schwann cells (SCs) and rat adrenal pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells on 50% degrees of methacryloyl substitution gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) scaffold. The SCs were encapsulated within the GelMA, and PC-12 cells were on the surface. A 5% GelMA was used as the co-culture scaffold since it better supports SCs proliferation, viability, and myelination and promotes higher neurotrophic factors secretion than 10% GelMA. In the co-culture, PC-12 cells demonstrated a higher cell proliferation rate and axonal extension than culturing without SCs, indicating that the secretion of neurotrophic factors from SCs can stimulate PC-12 growth and axonal outgrowth. The mRNA level for neurotrophic factors of SCs in 5% GelMA was further evaluated. We found significant upregulation when compared with a 2D culture, which suggested that this co-culture system could be a potential scaffold to investigate the mechanism of how SCs affect neuronal behaviors.
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Peripheral Nerve Regeneration Using Different Germ Layer-Derived Adult Stem Cells in the Past Decade. Behav Neurol 2021; 2021:5586523. [PMID: 34539934 PMCID: PMC8448597 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5586523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) are some of the most common types of traumatic lesions affecting the nervous system. Although the peripheral nervous system has a higher regenerative ability than the central nervous system, delayed treatment is associated with disturbances in both distal sensory and functional abilities. Over the past decades, adult stem cell-based therapies for peripheral nerve injuries have drawn attention from researchers. This is because various stem cells can promote regeneration after peripheral nerve injuries by differentiating into neural-line cells, secreting various neurotrophic factors, and regulating the activity of in situ Schwann cells (SCs). This article reviewed research from the past 10 years on the role of stem cells in the repair of PNIs. We concluded that adult stem cell-based therapies promote the regeneration of PNI in various ways.
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Ali MA, Bhuiyan MH. Types of biomaterials useful in brain repair. Neurochem Int 2021; 146:105034. [PMID: 33789130 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials is an emerging field in the study of brain tissue engineering and repair or neurogenesis. The fabrication of biomaterials that can replicate the mechanical and viscoelastic features required by the brain, including the poroviscoelastic responses, force dissipation, and solute diffusivity are essential to be mapped from the macro to the nanoscale level under physiological conditions in order for us to gain an effective treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. This research topic has identified a critical study gap that must be addressed, and that is to source suitable biomaterials and/or create reliable brain-tissue-like biomaterials. This chapter will define and discuss the various types of biomaterials, their structures, and their function-properties features which would enable the development of next-generation biomaterials useful in brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Azam Ali
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Mozammel Haque Bhuiyan
- Center for Bioengineering and Nanomedicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Health Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Eivazzadeh-Keihan R, Radinekiyan F, Maleki A, Salimi Bani M, Hajizadeh Z, Asgharnasl S. A novel biocompatible core-shell magnetic nanocomposite based on cross-linked chitosan hydrogels for in vitro hyperthermia of cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 140:407-414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Acupuncture Improved Neurological Recovery after Traumatic Brain Injury by Activating BDNF/TrkB Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:8460145. [PMID: 28243312 PMCID: PMC5294361 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8460145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
How to promote neural repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI) has long been an intractable problem. Although acupuncture has been demonstrated to facilitate the neurological recovery, the underlying mechanism is elusive. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) exerts substantial protective effects for neurological disorders. In this study, we found that the level of BDNF and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) was elevated spontaneously after TBI and reached up to the peak at 12 h. Nevertheless, this enhancement is quickly declined to the normal at 48 h. After combined stimulation at the acupoints of Baihui, Renzhong, Hegu, and Zusanli, we found that BDNF and TrkB were still significantly elevated at 168 h. We also observed that the downstream molecular p-Akt and p-Erk1/2 were significantly increased, suggesting that acupuncture could persistently activate the BDNF/TrkB pathway. To further verify that acupuncture improved recovery through activating BDNF/TrkB pathway, K252a (specific inhibitor of TrkB) was treated by injection stereotaxically into lateral ventricle. We observed that K252a could significantly prevent the acupuncture-induced amelioration of motor, sensation, cognition, and synaptic plasticity. These data indicated that acupuncture promoted the recovery of neurological impairment after TBI by activating BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway, providing new molecular mechanism for understanding traditional therapy of acupuncture.
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Han S, Wang B, Li X, Xiao Z, Han J, Zhao Y, Fang Y, Yin Y, Chen B, Dai J. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in three-dimensional culture promote neuronal regeneration by neurotrophic protection and immunomodulation. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 104:1759-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Bin Wang
- Regeneration Medical Center; Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School; Nanjing 210008 China
| | - Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
- Graduate School; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Jin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Yannan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Yongxiang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Agricultural Ministry, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Lanzhou 730046 China
| | - Yanyun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Bing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
| | - Jianwu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100080 China
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Nagy-Smith K, Yamada Y, Schneider JP. Protein release from highly charged peptide hydrogel networks. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:1999-2007. [PMID: 32263077 PMCID: PMC8244587 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02137e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels are useful delivery vehicles for therapeutic proteins. The ability to control the rate of protein release is paramount to a gel's utility and, in part, defines its clinical application. Electrostatic interactions made between encapsulated protein and a gel's network represents one modality in which protein motility can be controlled. For many gels this strategy works well under low ionic strength solution conditions, but dramatically less so in solutions of physiologically relevant ionic strength where electrostatic interactions are more effectively screened. Herein, we find that highly charged self-assembling peptides can be used to prepare fibrillar hydrogels of sufficient electropotential to allow electrostatic-based control over protein release under physiological buffer conditions. Rheology shows that proteins, differing significantly in their isoelectric point, can be directly encapsulated within negatively- or positively-charged peptide hydrogel networks during the peptide self-assembly event leading to gelation. Bulk adsorption studies coupled with transmission electron microscopy shows that electrostatic interactions drive the association of protein to oppositely charged fibrils in the final gel state, which in turn, dictates the diffusion and retention of these macromolecules in the hydrogel network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Nagy-Smith
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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Xin YL, Yu JZ, Yang XW, Liu CY, Li YH, Feng L, Chai Z, Yang WF, Wang Q, Jiang WJ, Zhang GX, Xiao BG, Ma CG. FSD-C10: A more promising novel ROCK inhibitor than Fasudil for treatment of CNS autoimmunity. Biosci Rep 2015; 35:e00247. [PMID: 26223433 PMCID: PMC4721545 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rho-Rho kinase (Rho-ROCK) triggers an intracellular signalling cascade that regulates cell survival, death, adhesion, migration, neurite outgrowth and retraction and influences the generation and development of several neurological disorders. Although Fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, effectively suppressed encephalomyelitis (EAE), certain side effects may limit its clinical use. A novel and efficient ROCK inhibitor, FSD-C10, has been explored. In the present study, we present chemical synthesis and structure of FSD-C10, as well as the relationship between compound concentration and ROCK inhibition. We compared the inhibitory efficiency of ROCKI and ROCK II, the cell cytotoxicity, neurite outgrowth and dendritic formation, neurotrophic factors and vasodilation between Fasudil and FSD-C10. The results demonstrated that FSD-C10, like Fasudil, induced neurite outgrowth of neurons and dendritic formation of BV-2 microglia and enhanced the production of neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). However, the cell cytotoxicity and vasodilation of FSD-C10 were relatively small compared with Fasudil. Although Fasudil inhibited both ROCK I and ROCK II, FSD-C10 more selectively suppressed ROCK II, but not ROCK I, which may be related to vasodilation insensitivity and animal mortality. Thus, FSD-C10 may be a safer and more promising novel ROCK inhibitor than Fasudil for the treatment of several neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Le Xin
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Jie-Zhong Yu
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Xin-Wang Yang
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Chun-Yun Liu
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Yan-Hua Li
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Ling Feng
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China
| | - Zhi Chai
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Wan-Fang Yang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Qing Wang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Wei-Jia Jiang
- "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Guang-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, U.S.A
| | - Bao-Guo Xiao
- Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Cun-Gen Ma
- Institute of Brain Science, Department of Neurology, Medical School, Shanxi Datong University, Datong 037009, China "2011" Collaborative Innovation Center/Research Center of Neurobiology, Shanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan 030619, China
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An Overview on Human Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell-Based Alternative In Vitro Models for Developmental Neurotoxicity Assessment. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:3216-3226. [PMID: 26041658 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The developing brain is found highly vulnerable towards the exposure of different environmental chemicals/drugs, even at concentrations, those are generally considered safe in mature brain. The brain development is a very complex phenomenon which involves several processes running in parallel such as cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, maturation and synaptogenesis. If any step of these cellular processes hampered due to exposure of any xenobiotic/drug, there is almost no chance of recovery which could finally result in a life-long disability. Therefore, the developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) assessment of newly discovered drugs/molecules is a very serious concern among the neurologists. Animal-based DNT models have their own limitations such as ethical concerns and lower sensitivity with less predictive values in humans. Furthermore, non-availability of human foetal brain tissues/cells makes job more difficult to understand about mechanisms involve in DNT in human beings. Although, the use of cell culture have been proven as a powerful tool for DNT assessment, but many in vitro models are currently utilizing genetically unstable cell lines. The interpretation of data generated using such terminally differentiated cells is hard to extrapolate with in vivo situations. However, human umbilical cord blood stem cells (hUCBSCs) have been proposed as an excellent tool for alternative DNT testing because neuronal development from undifferentiated state could exactly mimic the original pattern of neuronal development in foetus when hUCBSCs differentiated into neuronal cells. Additionally, less ethical concern, easy availability and high plasticity make them an attractive source for establishing in vitro model of DNT assessment. In this review, we are focusing towards recent advancements on hUCBSCs-based in vitro model to understand DNTs.
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Carriers in cell-based therapies for neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10669-723. [PMID: 24933636 PMCID: PMC4100175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
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