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Pathogenic Germline Mutations of DNA Repair Pathway Components in Early-Onset Sporadic Colorectal Polyp and Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123560. [PMID: 33260537 PMCID: PMC7761471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening by immuno-fecal occult blood tests (iFOBTs) begins at age 50 in average-risk persons. However, the incidence of early-onset CRC has risen; of the cases, at least half are sporadic CRC without a family history. The authors of this study found a high percentage of de novo germline mutation in young sporadic CRC patients, as well as in sporadic colorectal polyp and control groups. All the mutated genes contribute to various DNA-repair pathways, hinting that a loss of genomic integrity play a crucial role in the development of CRC. The early identification of cancer-susceptible individuals by multigene panels in younger individuals who may be missed under current iFOBT screening could contribute to preventing CRC. Abstract Given recent increases in the proportion of early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), researchers are urgently working to establish a multi-gene screening test for both inherited and sporadic cancer-susceptible individuals. However, the incidence and spectrum of germline mutations in young sporadic CRC patients in East Asian countries and, especially, in sporadic polyp carriers and normal individuals are unknown. Peripheral blood samples were collected from 43 colonoscopy-proved normal controls and from 50 polyp patients and 49 CRC patients with no self-reported family history of cancer. All participants were under 50 years old. Next-generation sequencing with a panel of 30 CRC-associated susceptibility genes was employed to detect pathogenic germline mutations. The germline mutation carrier rates were 2.3%, 4.0%, and 12.2% in the normal, polyp, and cancer groups, respectively. A total of seven different mutations in six DNA repair pathway-related genes (MLH1, BRCA1, BRCA2, CHEK2, BLM, and NTHL1) were detected in nine participants. One frameshift mutation in BRCA2 and one frameshift mutation in the CHEK2 gene were found in a normal control and two colorectal polyp patients, respectively. One young sporadic CRC patient carried two heterozygous mutations, one in MLH1 and one in BRCA1. Three mutations (MLH1 p.Arg265Cys, MLH1 p.Tyr343Ter and CHEK2 p.Ile158TyrfsTer10) were each found in two independent patients and were considered “founder” mutations. This is the first report to demonstrate high percentage of germline mutations in young sporadic colorectal polyp, CRC, and general populations. A multi-gene screening test is warranted for the proactive identification of cancer-predisposed individuals.
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Zhu Z, Wang J, Jiang L, Lin L, Meng P, Zhao J, Cai Q. Clinical exome sequencing identified POLB c.C1002A as a possible genetic cause in a family with hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome. Cancer Genet 2020; 245:49-52. [PMID: 32622089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study recruited a Chinese family with hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome. To investigate the causative mutations, disease-associated exome sequencing was conducted using peripheral blood of three members with malignant disease. As a result, three variants (PLD2 c. C1951T, RAB3GAP1 c.A701G and POLB c.C1002A) came out to be the potential candidate pathogenic mutations, which were not reported before. Sanger sequencing was used to validate the candidate variant in seven healthy members of this family. The candidate variant POLB c.C1002A was proved to co-segregate with malignant diseases, which was selected through a series of filtering criteria. This study thus identified POLB c.C1002A as a potential causative variant for hereditary cancer-predisposing syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxin Zhu
- Gastro-intestine Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jieshi Wang
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department, the First People's Hospital of Pingdingshan, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Lisha Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Peng Meng
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Jiangman Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Zhangjiang Institue of Medical Innovation, Shanghai Biotecan Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd., 180 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai 201204, China.
| | - Qingping Cai
- Gastro-intestine Surgery Department, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai 200003, China.
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Kim A, Kim HK, Ahn S, Hong YS, Lim SB, Byeon JS, Chun S, Min WK, Lee W. Identification of a Novel Splice Variant (c.423-8A>G) of APC by RNA Sequencing. Ann Lab Med 2020; 40:345-347. [PMID: 32067438 PMCID: PMC7054688 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.4.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aram Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ki Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunyoung Ahn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Yong Sang Hong
- Department of Oncology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Byung Lim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Sik Byeon
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sail Chun
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Ki Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woochang Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine and Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Wang D, Zhang Z, Li Y, Xu C, Yu Y, Li M, Chen C, Zhang X. Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene Mutations in 22 Chinese Pedigrees with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:3796-3803. [PMID: 31113927 PMCID: PMC6542301 DOI: 10.12659/msm.913911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), which has a very high tendency of progression to colorectal cancer, is mainly caused by mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. This study systematically screened the APC mutations and observed the correlation of APC mutations with clinical manifestations of FAP. Material/Methods Eighty subjects (probands and their family members of 22 FAP pedigrees) were enrolled, underwent abdominal ultrasound, computed tomography, and colonoscopic examinations, and were assessed for APC mutations between January 2010 and June 2015 at Tianjin Union Medical Center. Peripheral blood was collected from subjects, and DNA was extracted and screened for APC mutations using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification for large-fragment deletions or PCR-denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography with DNA sequencing for micromutations. Results Nineteen of 22 FAP pedigrees were found to have mutations of APC, and 17 types APC mutations were identified. All the mutations were heterozygosity with autosomal dominant inheritance. APC mutations included 8 caused by frameshift, 3 by aberrant splicing, 2 by missense mutation, 2 by nonsense mutation, and 2 by large-fragment deletion. Frameshift mutation was the most common type of APC mutation, and Coding DNA Sequence 15 was the most common mutation site. Five novel APC mutations, including 1 with large-fragment deletion, were identified. Conclusions We systematically screened 17 mutations of APC from 22 Chinese pedigrees with FAP. This study will broaden the spectrum of known APC germline mutations and help understand the types and distribution of APC mutations among Chinese patients with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Yongjun Yu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Mingsen Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Chao Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
| | - Xipeng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China (mainland)
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Wang Z, Sun P, Gao C, Chen J, Li J, Chen Z, Xu M, Shao J, Zhang Y, Xie J. Down-regulation of LRP1B in colon cancer promoted the growth and migration of cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2017; 357:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Talseth-Palmer BA. The genetic basis of colonic adenomatous polyposis syndromes. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2017; 15:5. [PMID: 28331556 PMCID: PMC5353802 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-017-0065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common forms of cancer worldwide and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) accounts for approximately 1% of all CRCs. Adenomatous polyposis syndromes can be divided into; familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) – classic FAP and attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), NTHL1-associated polyposis (NAP) and polymerase proofreading-associated polyposis (PPAP). The polyposis syndromes genetics and clinical manifestation of disease varies and cases with clinical diagnosis of FAP might molecularly show a different diagnosis. This review examines different aspects of the adenomatous polyposis syndromes genetics and clinical manifestation of disease; in addition the genotype-phenotype and modifier alleles of FAP will be discussed. New technology has made it possible to diagnose some of the APC mutation negative patients into their respective syndromes. There still remain many molecularly undiagnosed adenomatous polyposis patients indicating that there remain causative genes to be discovered and with today’s technology these are expected to be identified in the near future. The knowledge about the role of modifier alleles in FAP will contribute to improved pre-symptomatic diagnosis and treatment. New novel mutations will continually be discovered in genes already associated with disease and new genes will be discovered that are associated with adenomatous polyposis. The search for modifier alleles in FAP should be made a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente A Talseth-Palmer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, 7491 Norway.,Clinic for Medicine, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW Australia.,Clinic for Medicine, Library, Molde Hospital, Parkvegen 84, Molde, 6407 Norway
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Li H, Zhang L, Jiang Q, Shi Z, Tong H. Identification a nonsense mutation of APC gene in Chinese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1495-1499. [PMID: 28413499 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP; Mendelian of Inherintance in Man ID, 175100) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of numerous adenomatous polyps throughout the colon and rectum associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. FAP is at time accompanied with certain extraintestinal manifestations such as congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, dental disorders and desmoid tumors. It is caused by mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. The present study reported on a Chinese family with FAP. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of the full coding sequence of the APC gene were performed to identify the mutation in this family. A nonsense mutation of the APC gene was identified in this pedigree. It is a heterozygous G>T substitution at position 2,971 in exon 15 of the APC gene, which formed a premature stop codon at amino acid residue 991 (p.Glu991*). The resulting truncated protein lacked 1,853 amino acids. The present study expanded the database on APC gene mutations in FAP and enriched the spectrum of known germline mutations of the APC gene. Prophylactic proctocolectomy may be considered as a possible treatment for carriers of the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishan Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou People's Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong 256600, P.R. China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Zhenwang Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hanxing Tong
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fu Dan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Chen QW, Zhang XM, Zhou JN, Zhou X, Ma GJ, Zhu M, Zhang YY, Yu J, Feng JF, Chen SQ. Analysis of Small Fragment Deletions of the APC gene in Chinese Patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, a Precancerous Condition. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:4915-20. [PMID: 26163615 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.12.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant inherited disease mainly caused by mutations of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene with almost complete penetrance. These colorectal polyps are precancerous lesions that will inevitable develop into colorectal cancer at the median age of 40-year old if total proctocolectomy is not performed. So identification of APC germline mutations has great implications for genetic counseling and management of FAP patients. In this study, we screened APC germline mutations in Chinese FAP patients, in order to find novel mutations and the APC gene germline mutation characteristics of Chinese FAP patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS The FAP patients were diagnosed by clinical manifestations, family histories, endoscope and biopsy. Then patients peripheral blood samples were collected, afterwards, genomic DNA was extracted. The mutation analysis of the APC gene was conducted by direct polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing for micromutations and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) for large duplications and/or deletions. RESULTS We found 6 micromutations out of 14 FAP pedigrees, while there were no large duplications and/or deletions found. These germline mutations are c.5432C>T(p. Ser1811Leu), two c.3926_3930delAAAAG (p.Glu1309AspfsX4), c.3921_3924delAAAA (p.Ile1307MetfsX13), c3184_3187delCAAA(p.Gln1061AspfsX59) and c4127_4126delAT (p.Tyr1376LysfsX9), respectively, and all deletion mutations resulted in a premature stop codon. At the same time, we found c.3921_3924delAAAA and two c.3926_3930delAAAAG are located in AAAAG short tandem repeats, c3184_3187delCAAA is located in the CAAA interrupted direct repeats, and c4127_4128 del AT is located in the 5'-CCTGAACA-3' ,3'-ACAAGTCC-5 palindromes (inverted repeats) of the APC gene. Furthermore, deletion mutations are mostly located at condon 1309. CONCLUSIONS Though there were no novel mutations found as the pathogenic gene of FAP in this study, we found nucleotide sequence containing short tandem repeats and palindromes (inverted repeats), especially the 5 bp base deletion at codon 1309, are mutations in high incidence area in APC gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China E-mail : J Feng: ; S. Chen:
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Liu Q, Li X, Li S, Qu S, Wang Y, Tang Q, Ma H, Luo Y. Three novel mutations of APC gene in Chinese patients with familial adenomatous polyposis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11421-7. [PMID: 27000756 PMCID: PMC4999466 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-4986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic adenomas and an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), encoding a large multidomain protein involved in antagonizing the Wnt signaling pathway, has been identified as the main causative gene responsible for FAP. In this study, we identified three novel mutations as well as two recurrent mutations in the APC in five Chinese FAP families by sequencing. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that among these mutations, a nonsense mutation (c.2510C>G) and two small deletions (c.2016_2047del, c.3180_3184del) led to the truncation of the APC protein and the cytoplasmic and nuclear accumulation of β-catenin in the colorectal samples from affected individuals, respectively. Our study expands the database on mutations of APC and provides evidence to understand the function of APC in FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China
| | - Sen Li
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Shengqiang Qu
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Wang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Qingzhu Tang
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Hongwei Ma
- Department of Developing Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yang Luo
- The Research Center for Medical Genomics, MOH Key Laboratory of Cell Biology and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
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