1
|
Tzen JTC. Strictinin: A Key Ingredient of Tea. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093961. [PMID: 37175375 PMCID: PMC10180463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Strictinin is a relatively tiny ellagitannin, which is found in many plants as a minor constituent. Catechins are known as the major constituents in the young leaves of most tea plants, while strictinin was found as a major constituent in the Pu'er tea plant. In some Pu'er tea varieties, strictinin was identified as the most abundant phenolic compound rather than catechins. In the past decade, strictinin was demonstrated to possess several functional activities, including antiviral, antibacterial, anti-obesity, laxative, anticaries, anti-allergic, antipsoriatic, antihyperuricemia, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects. These functional activities were in accordance with the therapeutic effects empirically perceived for Pu'er tea. Evidently, strictinin is the key ingredient in Pu'er tea that acts as a herbal medicine. In functionally-based applications, an instant powder of Pu'er tea infusion was formulated as an active raw material to be supplemented in food, cosmetics, and beverages; a new type of tea named Bitter Citrus Tzen Tea was developed by combining three teas empirically consumed to expel the cold, and new edible oral care products were designed for caries prevention by supplementation with Pu'er tea extract. More functional activities and practical applications of strictinin are scientifically anticipated in follow-up research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason T C Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fujimura Y, Kumazoe M, Tachibana H. 67-kDa Laminin Receptor-Mediated Cellular Sensing System of Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG and Functional Food Pairing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165130. [PMID: 36014370 PMCID: PMC9416087 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The body is equipped with a “food factor-sensing system” that senses food factors, such as polyphenols, sulfur-containing compounds, and vitamins, taken into the body, and plays an essential role in manifesting their physiological effects. For example, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), the representative catechin in green tea (Camellia sinensi L.), exerts various effects, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic effects, when sensed by the cell surficial protein 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR). Here, we focus on three representative effects of EGCG and provide their specific signaling mechanisms, the 67LR-mediated EGCG-sensing systems. Various components present in foods, such as eriodictyol, hesperetin, sulfide, vitamin A, and fatty acids, have been found to act on the food factor-sensing system and affect the functionality of other foods/food factors, such as green tea extract, EGCG, or its O-methylated derivative at different experimental levels, i.e., in vitro, animal models, and/or clinical trials. These phenomena are observed by increasing or decreasing the activity or expression of EGCG-sensing-related molecules. Such functional interaction between food factors is called “functional food pairing”. In this review, we introduce examples of functional food pairings using EGCG.
Collapse
|
3
|
Patel DK. Medicinal Importance, Pharmacological Activities, and Analytical Aspects of Strictinin: A Mini-Review. RECENT ADVANCES IN ANTI-INFECTIVE DRUG DISCOVERY 2022; 17:86-94. [PMID: 35770392 DOI: 10.2174/2772434417666220628153913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants and their derived products have been used in history as food and medicine. Plant materials are rich sources of fiber, minerals, vitamins, and bioactive phytochemicals, which are useful for human beings. Strictinin is an important phytoconstituent of green tea. METHODS Present work mainly focuses on the biological importance, therapeutic potential, and pharmacological activities of strictinin in medicine. Numerous scientific data have been collected from various literature databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, and Scopus database in order to realize the health beneficial potential of strictinin. Pharmacological data has been collected and analyzed in the present work to find the effectiveness of strictinin against human disorders and complications. Analytical data of strictinin has been also collected and analyzed in the present work. RESULTS Scientific data analysis revealed the biological importance of strictinin in medicine. Scientific data analysis signified the therapeutic benefit of strictinin mainly due to its anticancer, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant activity. However, enzymatic activities, cytotoxicity, effectiveness on skin disorders, and osteogenic potential of strictinin have also been discussed. Analytical data revealed the importance of modern analytical techniques in medicine for the separation, identification, and isolation of strictinin. CONCLUSION Present work signified the biological importance and therapeutic benefits of strictinin in medicine and other allied health sectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007, Uttar Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tiu AC, Yang J, Asico LD, Konkalmatt P, Zheng X, Cuevas S, Wang X, Lee H, Mazhar M, Felder RA, Jose PA, Villar VAM. Lipid rafts are required for effective renal D 1 dopamine receptor function. FASEB J 2020; 34:6999-7017. [PMID: 32259353 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902710rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Effective receptor signaling is anchored on the preferential localization of the receptor in lipid rafts, which are plasma membrane platforms replete with cholesterol and sphingolipids. We hypothesized that the dopamine D1 receptor (D1 R) contains structural features that allow it to reside in lipid rafts for its activity. Mutation of C347 palmitoylation site and Y218 of a newly identified Cholesterol Recognition Amino Acid Consensus motif resulted in the exclusion of D1 R from lipid rafts, blunted cAMP response, impaired sodium transport, and increased oxidative stress in renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs). Kidney-restricted silencing of Drd1 in C57BL/6J mice increased blood pressure (BP) that was normalized by renal tubule-restricted rescue with D1 R-wild-type but not the mutant D1 R 347A that lacks a palmitoylation site. Kidney-restricted disruption of lipid rafts by β-MCD jettisoned the D1 R from the brush border, decreased sodium excretion, and increased oxidative stress and BP in C57BL/6J mice. Deletion of the PX domain of the novel D1 R-binding partner sorting nexin 19 (SNX19) resulted in D1 R partitioning solely to non-raft domains, while silencing of SNX19 impaired D1 R function in RPTCs. Kidney-restricted silencing of Snx19 resulted in hypertension in C57BL/6J mice. Our results highlight the essential role of lipid rafts for effective D1 R signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Tiu
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jian Yang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Laureano D Asico
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoxu Zheng
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Santiago Cuevas
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Hewang Lee
- Kidney Diseases Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Momina Mazhar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robin A Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pedro A Jose
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Van Anthony M Villar
- Division of Renal Diseases & Hypertension, Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhardwaj R, Suzuki A, Leland P, Joshi BH, Puri RK. Identification of a novel role of IL-13Rα2 in human Glioblastoma multiforme: interleukin-13 mediates signal transduction through AP-1 pathway. J Transl Med 2018; 16:369. [PMID: 30572904 PMCID: PMC6302477 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previously, we have demonstrated that Interleukin 13 receptor alpha 2 (IL-13Rα2) is overexpressed in approximate 78% Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) samples. We have also demonstrated that IL-13Rα2 can serve as a target for cancer immunotherapy in several pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, the significance of overexpression of IL-13Rα2 in GBM and astrocytoma and signaling through these receptors is not known. IL-13 can signal through IL-13R via JAK/STAT and AP-1 pathways in certain cell lines including some tumor cell lines. Herein, we have investigated a role of IL-13/IL-13Rα2 axis in signaling through AP-1 transcription factors in human glioma samples in situ. Methods We examined the activation of AP-1 family of transcription factors (c-Jun, Fra-1, Jun-D, c-Fos, and Jun-B) after treating U251, A172 (IL-13Rα2 +ve) and T98G (IL-13Rα2 −ve) glioma cell lines with IL-13 by RT-qPCR, and immunocytochemistry (ICC). We also performed colorimetric ELISA based assay to determine AP-1 transcription factor activation in glioma cell lines. Furthermore, we examined the expression of AP-1 transcription factors in situ in GBM and astrocytoma specimens by multiplex-immunohistochemistry (IHC). Student t test and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis of the results. Results We have demonstrated up-regulation of two AP-1 transcription factors (c-Jun and Fra-1) at mRNA and protein levels upon treatment with IL-13 in IL-13Rα2 positive but not in IL-13Rα2 negative glioma cell lines. Both transcription factors were also overexpressed in patient derived GBM specimens, however, in contrast to GBM cell lines, c-Fos is also overexpressed in patient derived specimens. Astrocytoma specimens showed lesser extent of immunostaining for IL-13Rα2 and three AP-1 factors compared to GBM specimens. By transcription factor activation assay, we demonstrated that AP-1 transcription factors (C-Jun and Fra-1) were activated upon treatment of IL-13Rα2 + GBM cell lines but not IL-13Rα2 − GBM cell line with IL-13. Our results demonstrate functional activity of AP-1 transcription factor in GBM cell lines in response to IL-13. Conclusions These results indicate that IL-13/IL-13Rα2 axis can mediate signal transduction in situ via AP-1 pathway in GBM and astrocytoma and may serve as a new target for GBM immunotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1746-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rukmini Bhardwaj
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies (DCGT) Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies (OTAT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Akiko Suzuki
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies (DCGT) Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies (OTAT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Pamela Leland
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies (DCGT) Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies (OTAT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bharat H Joshi
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies (DCGT) Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies (OTAT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Raj K Puri
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies (DCGT) Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies (OTAT), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fujimura Y, Miura D, Tachibana H. A Phytochemical-Sensing Strategy Based on Mass Spectrometry Imaging and Metabolic Profiling for Understanding the Functionality of the Medicinal Herb Green Tea. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22101621. [PMID: 28953237 PMCID: PMC6151411 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-molecular-weight phytochemicals have health benefits and reduce the risk of diseases, but the mechanisms underlying their activities have remained elusive because of the lack of a methodology that can easily visualize the exact behavior of such small molecules. Recently, we developed an in situ label-free imaging technique, called mass spectrometry imaging, for visualizing spatially-resolved biotransformations based on simultaneous mapping of the major bioactive green tea polyphenol and its phase II metabolites. In addition, we established a mass spectrometry-based metabolic profiling technique capable of evaluating the bioactivities of diverse green tea extracts, which contain multiple phytochemicals, by focusing on their compositional balances. This methodology allowed us to simultaneously evaluate the relative contributions of the multiple compounds present in a multicomponent system to its bioactivity. This review highlights small molecule-sensing techniques for visualizing the complex behaviors of herbal components and linking such information to an enhanced understanding of the functionalities of multicomponent medicinal herbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Miura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
|
8
|
Kim YH, Fujimura Y, Sasaki M, Yang X, Yukihira D, Miura D, Unno Y, Ogata K, Nakajima H, Yamashita S, Nakahara K, Murata M, Lin IC, Wariishi H, Yamada K, Tachibana H. In situ label-free visualization of orally dosed strictinin within mouse kidney by MALDI-MS imaging. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9279-9285. [PMID: 25195619 DOI: 10.1021/jf503143g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) is a powerful technique for visualizing the distribution of a wide range of biomolecules within tissue sections. However, methodology for visualizing a bioactive ellagitannin has not yet been established. This paper presents a novel in situ label-free MALDI-MSI technique for visualizing the distribution of strictinin, a bioactive ellagitannin found in green tea, within mammalian kidney after oral dosing. Among nine representative matrix candidates, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene (1,5-DAN), harmane, and ferulic acid showed higher sensitivity to strictinin spotted onto a MALDI sample plate. Of these, 1,5-DAN enables visualization of a two-dimensional image of strictinin directly spotted on mouse kidney sections with the highest sensitivity. Furthermore, 1,5-DAN-based MALDI-MSI could detect the unique distribution of orally dosed strictinin within kidney sections. This in situ label-free imaging technique will contribute to the localization analysis of strictinin and its biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hee Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University , 6-10-1 Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|