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Takashima M, Nagaya M, Takamura Y, Inatani M, Oki M. HIF-1 inhibition reverses opacity in a rat model of galactose-induced cataract. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299145. [PMID: 38416732 PMCID: PMC10901314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cataract is an eye disease, in which the lens becomes opaque, causing vision loss and blindness. The detailed mechanism of cataract development has not been characterized, and effective drug therapies remain unavailable. Here, we investigated the effects of Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) inhibitors using an ex vivo model, in which rat lenses were cultured in galactose-containing medium to induce opacity formation. We found that treatment with the HIF-1 inhibitors 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2), YC-1, and Bavachinin decreased lens opacity. Microarray analysis on 2ME2-treated samples, in which opacity was decreased, identified genes upregulated by galactose and downregulated by inhibitor treatment. Subsequent STRING analysis on genes that showed expression change by RT-qPCR identified two clusters. First cluster related to the cytoskeleton and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Second cluster related to the oxidative stress, and apoptosis. ACTA2, a known marker for EMT, and TXNIP, a suppressor of cell proliferation and activator of apoptosis, were present in each cluster. Thus, suppression of EMT and apoptosis, as well as activation of cell proliferation, appear to underlie the decrease in lens opacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Takashima
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Nagaya
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Takamura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaru Inatani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | - Masaya Oki
- Department of Industrial Creation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
- Life Science Innovation Center, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
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A transcriptomic analysis of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon lenses with and without cataracts. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108150. [PMID: 32735797 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To avoid negative environmental impacts of escapees and potential inter-breeding with wild populations, the Atlantic salmon farming industry has and continues to extensively test triploid fish that are sterile. However, they often show differences in performance, physiology, behavior and morphology compared to diploid fish, with increased prevalence of vertebral deformities and ocular cataracts as two of the most severe disorders. Here, we investigated the mechanisms behind the higher prevalence of cataracts in triploid salmon, by comparing the transcriptional patterns in lenses of diploid and triploid Atlantic salmon, with and without cataracts. We assembled and characterized the Atlantic salmon lens transcriptome and used RNA-seq to search for the molecular basis for cataract development in triploid fish. Transcriptional screening showed only modest differences in lens mRNA levels in diploid and triploid fish, with few uniquely expressed genes. In total, there were 165 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the cataractous diploid and triploid lens. Of these, most were expressed at lower levels in triploid fish. Differential expression was observed for genes encoding proteins with known function in the retina (phototransduction) and proteins associated with repair and compensation mechanisms. The results suggest a higher susceptibility to oxidative stress in triploid lenses, and that mechanisms connected to the ability to handle damaged proteins are differentially affected in cataractous lenses from diploid and triploid salmon.
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Lam D, Rao SK, Ratra V, Liu Y, Mitchell P, King J, Tassignon MJ, Jonas J, Pang CP, Chang DF. Cataract. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2015; 1:15014. [PMID: 27188414 DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cataract is the leading cause of reversible blindness and visual impairment globally. Blindness from cataract is more common in populations with low socioeconomic status and in developing countries than in developed countries. The only treatment for cataract is surgery. Phacoemulsification is the gold standard for cataract surgery in the developed world, whereas manual small incision cataract surgery is used frequently in developing countries. In general, the outcomes of surgery are good and complications, such as endophthalmitis, often can be prevented or have good ouctomes if properly managed. Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, an advanced technology, can automate several steps; initial data show no superiority of this approach over current techniques, but the results of many large clinical trials are pending. The greatest challenge remains the growing 'backlog' of patients with cataract blindness in the developing world because of lack of access to affordable surgery. Efforts aimed at training additional cataract surgeons in these countries do not keep pace with the increasing demand associated with ageing population demographics. In the absence of strategie that can prevent or delay cataract formation, it is important to focus efforts and resources on developing models for efficient delivery of cataract surgical services in underserved regions. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/eQkKll.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China.,C-MER (Shenzhen), Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Vineet Ratra
- C-MER (Shenzhen), Dennis Lam Eye Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yizhi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, and Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, 54 South Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Paul Mitchell
- Department of Ophthalmology, Centre for Vision Research, Westmead Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan King
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jost Jonas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ruprecht-Karls-University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chi P Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology &Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David F Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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