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Tan Y, Hu Y, Xiao Q, Tang Y, Chen H, He J, Chen L, Jiang K, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Ding K. Silencing of brain-expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) promotes colorectal cancer metastasis through the Hedgehog signaling pathway. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:228-238. [PMID: 31929751 PMCID: PMC6949152 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.38431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of colorectal cancer is increasing, and cancer metastasis is one of the major causes of poor outcomes. BEX2 has been reported to be involved in tumor development in several types of cancer, but its role in metastatic colorectal cancer remains largely undefined. Herein, we demonstrated that BEX2 knockout resulted in enhanced migratory and metastatic potential in colorectal cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo, and re-expression of BEX2 in knockout cells could reverse the enhanced migratory capacity. RNA-Seq results indicated that the hedgehog signaling pathway was activated after BEX2 knockout; moreover, the hedgehog signaling inhibitors, GANT61 and GDC-0449 could reverse the migratory enhancement of BEX2-/- colorectal cancer cells. We also demonstrated that the nuclear translocation of Zic2 after BEX2 silencing could activate the hedgehog signaling pathway, while Zic2 knockdown abrogated the migratory enhancement of BEX2-/- cells and inhibited the hedgehog signaling pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that BEX2 negatively modulates the hedgehog signaling pathway by retaining Zic2 in the cytoplasm in colorectal cancer cells, thereby inhibiting migration and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Tan
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yeting Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Yang Tang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Jinjie He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Liubo Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Zhanhuai Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
| | - Kefeng Ding
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Province, China), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China
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2
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Zhang ZH, Luan ZY, Han F, Chen HQ, Liu WB, Liu JY, Cao J. Diagnostic and prognostic value of the BEX family in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:5523-5533. [PMID: 31612060 PMCID: PMC6781490 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that members of the brain-expressed X-linked (BEX) family participate in a wide range of biological functions in normal and tumor tissues. However, their role and clinical significance in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains unclear. The present study investigated The Cancer Genome Atlas data and revealed that the BEX family was downregulated in LUAD tissues compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues. Additionally, analysis of LUAD cohorts from the Oncomine database revealed similar results. Furthermore, the expression of BEX members was significantly decreased in several LUAD cell lines compared with normal lung epithelial cells in vitro. The aforementioned data mining and in vitro results suggested that the BEX family may be involved in the development of LUAD. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that BEX members exhibited high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of patients with LUAD. The low expression levels of BEX1, BEX4 and BEX5 were associated with certain pathologic features, particularly in advanced LUAD. Survival analysis demonstrated that BEX members, particularly BEX4, were involved in the prognosis of patients with LUAD at early and late clinical stages. The results obtained in the current study suggested that BEX members may serve as potential tumor biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hao Zhang
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yu Luan
- Department of Medical Affairs, Chinese PLA No. 964 Hospital, Changchun, Jilin 130062, P.R. China
| | - Fei Han
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Qiang Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Yi Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
| | - Jia Cao
- Institute of Toxicology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
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3
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Miao FA, Chu K, Chen HR, Zhang M, Shi PC, Bai J, You YP. Increased DKC1 expression in glioma and its significance in tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Invest New Drugs 2019; 37:1177-1186. [PMID: 30847721 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-019-00748-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dyskeratosis congenita 1 (DKC1) gene is located on the X chromosome at Xq28. Dyskerin encoded by the DKC1 gene is associated with the formation of certain small RNAs and the telomerase activity. Inherited mutations in DKC1 inactivate the dyskerin and causes dyskeratosis congenital, which is characterized by skin defects, hematopoiesis failure, and increased susceptibility to cancer. DKC1 reportedly up-regulates in several human cancers, including renal cell carcinoma and prostate cancer. Dyskerin is deregulated in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia and breast carcinomas, but its expression and function in glioma have hardly been investigated. Hence, we were prompted to collect tissue samples and implement cell experiments. Our study reveals that DKC1 expression is significantly increased in the pathological tissues of glioma compared with that in normal tissues. The increased staining of DKC1 is related to the World Health Organization stages of tumors. DKC1 knockdown also significantly inhibits glioma cell growth by altering the expression of cell cycle-relative molecules to arrest at the G1 phase. In the transwell chamber, DKC1 knockdown glioma cells exhibit low motility. Consistent with classic oncogenic pathways, N-cadherin, HIF-1α, and MMP2 expression levels are lower compared with those of the control group. Therefore, DKC1 up-regulation in gliomas is common and necessary for extensive tumor growth. The phenotype of glioma cell lines after DKC1 down-regulation suggests its use as a valuable clinical treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fa-An Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Kun Chu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Rong Chen
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pei-Cong Shi
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jin Bai
- Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Yong-Ping You
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211100, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Naderi A. Molecular functions of brain expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) in malignancies. Exp Cell Res 2019; 376:221-226. [PMID: 30779920 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade there has been growing evidence that Brain Expressed X-Linked 2 (BEX2) has a significant role in the process of carcinogenesis. Collectively, available studies suggest a pro-oncogenic function for this gene in multiple malignancies, including breast, colorectal and hepatocellular cancers in addition to brain tumors. The identification of BEX2 in breast cancer resulted from gene expression microarray studies. Subsequent studies showed that BEX2 promotes breast cancer cell growth and survival by modulating the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and G1 cell cycle. In this process, BEX2 has cross-talk with the NF-κB, c-Jun/JNK and ErbB2 pathways. Of note, several studies have found a pro-oncogenic function for BEX2 in other malignancies associated with a similar signaling function to that observed in breast cancer. In brain tumors, BEX2 promotes cell migration and invasion in oligodendroglioma and glioblastoma cells. In addition, BEX2 expression protects glioma cells against apoptosis mediated through the JNK pathway and is required for glioma cell proliferation through the NF-κB p65. Furthermore, it has been shown that BEX2 promotes cell proliferation through the JNK/c-Jun pathway and regulates JNK/c-Jun phosphorylation in colorectal cancer. Most recently, it has been demonstrated that BEX2 expression is required for cell proliferation and Hepatitis B Virus-mediated development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, a pro-oncogenic function for BEX2 is supported by reproducible data in multiple malignancies and the NF-κB and JNK/c-Jun pathways are commonly regulated by BEX2 in this process. In view of these findings, targeting BEX2 may provide an attractive therapeutic strategy in multiple malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Naderi
- University of Portsmouth, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, White Swan Road, St. Michael's Building, PO1 2DT Portsmouth, United Kingdom; University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Cancer Biology Program, 701 Ilalo street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
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5
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Meel MH, Schaper SA, Kaspers GJL, Hulleman E. Signaling pathways and mesenchymal transition in pediatric high-grade glioma. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:871-887. [PMID: 29164272 PMCID: PMC5809527 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2714-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPG), are the most lethal types of cancer in children. In recent years, it has become evident that these tumors are driven by epigenetic events, mainly mutations involving genes encoding Histone 3, setting them apart from their adult counterparts. These tumors are exceptionally resistant to chemotherapy and respond only temporarily to radiotherapy. Moreover, their delicate location and diffuse growth pattern make complete surgical resection impossible. In many other forms of cancer, chemo- and radioresistance, in combination with a diffuse, invasive phenotype, are associated with a transcriptional program termed the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Activation of this program allows cancer cells to survive individually, invade surrounding tissues and metastasize. It also enables them to survive exposure to cytotoxic therapy, including chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation. We here suggest that EMT plays an important, yet poorly understood role in the biology and therapy resistance of pHGG and DIPG. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the major signal transduction pathways and transcription factors involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer in general and in pediatric HGG and DIPG in particular. Despite the fact that the mesenchymal transition has not yet been specifically studied in pHGG and DIPG, activation of pathways and high levels of transcription factors involved in EMT have been described. We conclude that the mesenchymal transition is likely to be an important element of the biology of pHGG and DIPG and warrants further investigation for the development of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaël H Meel
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie A Schaper
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Hulleman
- Departments of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Neuro-oncology Research Group, Cancer Center Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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6
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Wang Y, Pan P, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Xie P, Geng D, Jiang Y, Yu R, Zhou X. β-catenin-mediated YAP signaling promotes human glioma growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2017; 36:136. [PMID: 28962630 PMCID: PMC5622484 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-017-0606-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Hippo/YAP pathway is known to be important for development, growth and organogenesis, and dysregulation of this pathway leads to tumor progression.We and others find that YAP is up-regulated in human gliomas and associated with worse prognosis of patients. However, the role and mechanism of YAP in glioma progression is largely unknown. Methods The expression of YAP in glioma tissues was detected by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and immunoblotting. The effect of YAP on glioma progression was examined using cell growth assays and intracranial glioma model. The effect of YAP on β-catenin protein level, subcellular location and transcription activity was examined by immunoblotting, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. Results Firstly, knockdown of YAP inhibited glioma cell proliferation in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, YAP modulated the protein level, subcellular location and transcription activity of β-catenin via regulating the activity of GSK3β. Lastly, β-catenin partially mediated the effect of YAP on glioma cell proliferation. Conclusion Our findings identify that YAP promotes human glioma growth through enhancing Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In addition, this study provides a new crosstalk mechanism between Hippo/YAP and Wnt/β-catenin pathways, which suggests a new strategy for human glioma treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-017-0606-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Pan
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Present address: Department of Neurosurgery, Xuzhou Cancer Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhaohao Wang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Xie
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Decheng Geng
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Jiang
- The Graduate School, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rutong Yu
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China.,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuping Zhou
- Insititute of Nervous System Diseases, Xuzhou Medical University, 84 West Huai-hai Road, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, People's Republic of China. .,Brain Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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7
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Huang F, Cai P, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen H, Liao W, Mao Y, Zha X, Zhang H, Hu Z. Up-regulation of brain-expressed X-linked 2 is critical for hepatitis B virus X protein-induced hepatocellular carcinoma development. Oncotarget 2017; 8:65789-65799. [PMID: 29029472 PMCID: PMC5630372 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause for HCC. Hepatitis B virus X (HBx), one of four proteins encoded by HBV genome, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC. However, the molecular mechanisms of HBx-triggered HCC remain largely undetermined. Here we revealed that the expression of Brain-expressed X-linked 2 (BEX2) and Osteopontin (OPN) were elevated in liver tissues of HBV transgenic mice and human HCC specimens. Moreover, a positive correlation between BEX2 and OPN was exhibited in samples from HCC patients with HBV infection. The protein levels of BEX2 and OPN were both higher in HBV-positive HCC specimens compared to that of HBV-negative HCC specimens. HBx potentiated OPN expression through up-regulation of BEX2. Importantly, the depletion of BEX2 suppressed tumorigenic potential of HCC cells with highly expressed HBx. We demonstrated the important role of BEX2 in HCC pathogenesis, and BEX2 may be a novel therapeutic target for HCC patients with HBV infection. The newly identified HBx/BEX2/OPN signaling cassette is implicated in the pathogenesis of HBV-induced HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjun Liao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yilei Mao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojun Zha
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongdong Hu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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8
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Nie E, Jin X, Wu W, Yu T, Zhou X, Shi Z, Zhang J, Liu N, You Y. MiR-198 enhances temozolomide sensitivity in glioblastoma by targeting MGMT. J Neurooncol 2017; 133:59-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2425-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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9
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BACH1 Promotes Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma through Antagonizing the Function of p53. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39743. [PMID: 28000777 PMCID: PMC5175153 DOI: 10.1038/srep39743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of drug resistance is a persistent clinical problem limiting the successful treatment of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the molecular mechanisms by which initially chemoresponsive tumors develop therapeutic resistance remain poorly understood. In this study, we report that BACH1, a heme-binding protein that participates in transcriptional repression or activation, was significantly upregulated in glioblastoma tissues. Overexpression of BACH1 in GBM cells conferred resistance to temozolomide, whereas its inhibition markedly sensitized resistant cells to temozolomide in vitro and in vivo. Further investigation revealed that BACH1 activation significantly enhanced the expression of MGMT, and depletion of p53 disrupted the effects of BACH1 on MGMT and temozolomide resistance. P53 sequesters SP1 to prevent its binding to the MGMT promoter region and thus inhibits MGMT expression. Moreover, BACH1 overexpression impaired the association between p53 and SP1 via competitive binding p53, and antagonized the impact of p53 on MGMT expression. Finally, we found that BACH1 low expression correlated with better prognosis in GBM patients undergoing temozolomide therapy, especially in patients with wild-type TP53. Collectively, our findings identify a potential mechanism by which wild-type TP53 GBM cells develop resistance to temozolomide and suggest that targeting this pathway may be beneficial for overcoming resistance.
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Zhong J, Wang H, Yu J, Zhang J, Wang H. Overexpression of Forkhead Box L1 (FOXL1) Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Breast Cancer Cells. Oncol Res 2016; 25:959-965. [PMID: 27938507 PMCID: PMC7841234 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14803482769179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box L1 (FOXL1) is a member of the Forkhead box (FOX) superfamily and was reported to be dysregulated in various types of cancers. However, its expression pattern and underlying cellular function in breast cancer remain largely unexplored. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect FOXL1 expression in breast cancer and to analyze its role in the progression of breast cancer. Our results demonstrated that FOXL1 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels was downregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Ectopic FOXL1 suppressed breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Furthermore, overexpression of FOXL1 significantly attenuated tumor growth in breast xenograft models in vivo. Finally, overexpression of FOXL1 significantly downregulated the protein expression levels of β-catenin, c-Myc, and cyclin D1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that FOXL1 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of breast cancer in vitro and breast tumor growth in vivo through deactivating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Thus, these findings suggest that FOXL1 may be a potential novel target for breast cancer therapy.
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11
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Kazi JU, Kabir NN, Rönnstrand L. Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) proteins in human cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:226-33. [PMID: 26408910 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 09/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Brain-Expressed X-linked (BEX) family proteins are comprised of five human proteins including BEX1, BEX2, BEX3, BEX4 and BEX5. BEX family proteins are expressed in a wide range of tissues and are known to play a role in neuronal development. Recent studies suggest a role of BEX family proteins in cancers. BEX1 expression is lost in a subgroup of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Expression of BEX1 controls cell surface receptor signaling and restores imatinib response in resistant cells. BEX2 is overexpressed in a group of breast cancer patients and also in gliomas. Increased BEX2 expression led to enhanced NF-κB signaling as well as cell proliferation. Although BEX2 acts as tumor promoter in a subset of breast cancer, BEX3 expression displayed an opposite role. Overexpression of BEX3 resulted in inhibition of tumor formation in breast cancer mouse xenograft models. The role of BEX4 and BEX5 in cancer has not yet been defined. Collectively this suggests that BEX family members have distinct roles in cancers. While BEX1 and BEX3 act as tumor suppressors, BEX2 seems to act as an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh.
| | - Nuzhat N Kabir
- Laboratory of Computational Biochemistry, KN Biomedical Research Institute, Barisal, Bangladesh
| | - Lars Rönnstrand
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village 404 ,Lund, Sweden; Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Mei PJ, Chen YS, Du Y, Bai J, Zheng JN. PinX1 inhibits cell proliferation, migration and invasion in glioma cells. Med Oncol 2015; 32:73. [PMID: 25698538 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-015-0545-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PinX1 induces apoptosis and suppresses cell proliferation in some cancer cells, and the expression of PinX1 is frequently decreased in some cancer and negatively associated with metastasis and prognosis. However, the precise roles of PinX1 in gliomas have not been studied. In this study, we found that PinX1 obviously reduced the gliomas cell proliferation through regulating the expressions of cell cycle-relative molecules to arrest cell at G1 phase and down-regulating the expression of component telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT in human), which is the hardcore of telomerase. Moreover, PinX1 could suppress the abilities of gliomas cell wound healing, migration and invasion via suppressing MMP-2 expression and increasing TIMP-2 expression. In conclusion, our results suggested that PinX1 may be a potential suppressive gene in the progression of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Jin Mei
- Jiangsu Center for the Collaboration and Innovation of Cancer Biotherapy, Cancer Institute, Xuzhou Medical College, 84 West Huaihai Road, Xuzhou, 221002, Jiangsu Province, China
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