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Lee AH, Snider JM, Moorthi S, Coant N, Trayssac M, Canals D, Clarke CJ, Luberto C, Hannun YA. A comprehensive measure of Golgi sphingolipid flux using NBD C 6-ceramide: evaluation of sphingolipid inhibitors. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100584. [PMID: 38925252 PMCID: PMC11326893 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Measurements of sphingolipid metabolism are most accurately performed by LC-MS. However, this technique is expensive, not widely accessible, and without the use of specific probes, it does not provide insight into metabolic flux through the pathway. Employing the fluorescent ceramide analogue NBD-C6-ceramide as a tracer in intact cells, we developed a comprehensive HPLC-based method that simultaneously measures the main nodes of ceramide metabolism in the Golgi. Hence, by quantifying the conversion of NBD-C6-ceramide to NBD-C6-sphingomyelin, NBD-C6-hexosylceramides, and NBD-C6-ceramide-1-phosphate (NBD-C1P), the activities of Golgi resident enzymes sphingomyelin synthase 1, glucosylceramide synthase, and ceramide kinase (CERK) could be measured simultaneously. Importantly, the detection of NBD-C1P allowed us to quantify CERK activity in cells, a usually difficult task. By applying this method, we evaluated the specificity of commonly used sphingolipid inhibitors and discovered that 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol, which targets glucosylceramide synthase, and fenretinide (4HPR), an inhibitor for dihydroceramide desaturase, also suppress CERK activity. This study demonstrates the benefit of an expanded analysis of ceramide metabolism in the Golgi, and it provides a qualitative and easy-to-implement method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen H Lee
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Justin M Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Sitapriya Moorthi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Magali Trayssac
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | | | - Chiara Luberto
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, The Northport Veterans Affairs Hospital, Northport, NY, USA.
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Bataller M, Sánchez-García A, Garcia-Mayea Y, Mir C, Rodriguez I, LLeonart ME. The Role of Sphingolipids Metabolism in Cancer Drug Resistance. Front Oncol 2022; 11:807636. [PMID: 35004331 PMCID: PMC8733468 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.807636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance continues to be one of the major challenges to cure cancer. As research in this field evolves, it has been proposed that numerous bioactive molecules might be involved in the resistance of cancer cells to certain chemotherapeutics. One well-known group of lipids that play a major role in drug resistance are the sphingolipids. Sphingolipids are essential components of the lipid raft domains of the plasma membrane and this structural function is important for apoptosis and/or cell proliferation. Dysregulation of sphingolipids, including ceramide, sphingomyelin or sphingosine 1-phosphate, has been linked to drug resistance in different types of cancer, including breast, melanoma or colon cancer. Sphingolipid metabolism is complex, involving several lipid catabolism with the participation of key enzymes such as glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1). With an overview of the latest available data on this topic and its implications in cancer therapy, this review focuses on the main enzymes implicated in sphingolipids metabolism and their intermediate metabolites involved in cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Bataller
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Almudena Sánchez-García
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yoelsis Garcia-Mayea
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Mir
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Rodriguez
- Assistant Director of Nursing, Nursing Management Service Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matilde Esther LLeonart
- Biomedical Research in Cancer Stem Cells Group, Vall d´Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain.,Spanish Biomedical Research Network Centre in Oncology, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Gan J, Gao Q, Wang LL, Tian AP, Zhu LD, Zhang LT, Zhou W, Mao XR, Li JF. Glucosylceramide synthase regulates hepatocyte repair after concanavalin A-induced immune-mediated liver injury. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12138. [PMID: 34611503 PMCID: PMC8447939 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sphingolipids produce pleiotropic signaling pathways, and participate in the pathological mechanism of hepatocyte apoptosis and necrosis during liver injury. However, the role of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-key enzyme that catalyzes the first glycosylation step, in liver injury is still vague. Methods All experiments were conducted using 7-9-week-old pathogen-free male C57BL/6 mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were detected in murine models of liver disease, in addition to histological characterization of liver injuries. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the relative expression of the GCS, matrix metallopeptidase-1 (MMP-1), and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) genes. The GCS was observed through a fluorescence microscope, and the flow cytometry was used to detect hepatocyte apoptosis. The concentrations of serum IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 were measured using enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. MMP-1 and TIMP-1 protein expression was measured via western blot (WB) analysis. Results Con A is often used as a mitogen to activate T lymphocytes and promote mitosis. A single dose of Con A injected intravenously will cause a rapid increase of ALT and AST, which is accompanied by the release of cytokines that cause injury and necrosis of hepatocytes. In this study, we successfully induced acute immune hepatitis in mice by Con A. Con A administration resulted in GCS upregulation in liver tissues. Moreover, the mice in the Con A group had significantly higher levels of ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and increased hepatocyte apoptosis than the control group. In contrast, all of the aforementioned genes were significantly downregulated after the administration of a GCS siRNA or Genz-123346 (i.e., a glucosylceramide synthase inhibitor) to inhibit the GCS gene. Additionally, the histopathological changes observed herein were consistent with our ALT, AST, IL-4, IL-6, and IL-10 expression results. However, unlike this, hepatocyte apoptosis has been further increased on the basis of the Con A group. Moreover, our qRT-PCR and WB results indicated that the expression of MMP-1 in the Con A group was significantly lower than that in the control group, whereas TIMP-1 exhibited the opposite trend. Conversely, MMP-1 expression in the GCS siRNA and Genz-123346 groups was higher than that in the Con A group, whereas TIMP-1 expression was lower. Conclusions GCS inhibition reduces Con A-induced immune-mediated liver injury in mice, which may be due to the involvement of GCS in the hepatocyte repair process after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gan
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qin Gao
- Physical Examination Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Li Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ai Ping Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Long Dong Zhu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Ting Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiao Rong Mao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jun Feng Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.,Institute of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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4
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Jennemann R, Volz M, Bestvater F, Schmidt C, Richter K, Kaden S, Müthing J, Gröne HJ, Sandhoff R. Blockade of Glycosphingolipid Synthesis Inhibits Cell Cycle and Spheroid Growth of Colon Cancer Cells In Vitro and Experimental Colon Cancer Incidence In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910539. [PMID: 34638879 PMCID: PMC8508865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in humans. At early stages CRC is treated by surgery and at advanced stages combined with chemotherapy. We examined here the potential effect of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS)-inhibition on CRC biology. GCS is the rate-limiting enzyme in the glycosphingolipid (GSL)-biosynthesis pathway and overexpressed in many human tumors. We suppressed GSL-biosynthesis using the GCS inhibitor Genz-123346 (Genz), NB-DNJ (Miglustat) or by genetic targeting of the GCS-encoding gene UDP-glucose-ceramide-glucosyltransferase- (UGCG). GCS-inhibition or GSL-depletion led to a marked arrest of the cell cycle in Lovo cells. UGCG silencing strongly also inhibited tumor spheroid growth in Lovo cells and moderately in HCT116 cells. MS/MS analysis demonstrated markedly elevated levels of sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) that occurred in a Genz-concentration dependent manner. Ultrastructural analysis of Genz-treated cells indicated multi-lamellar lipid storage in vesicular compartments. In mice, Genz lowered the incidence of experimentally induced colorectal tumors and in particular the growth of colorectal adenomas. These results highlight the potential for GCS-based inhibition in the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Jennemann
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Martina Volz
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Felix Bestvater
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Claudia Schmidt
- Light Microscopy Facility, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.B.); (C.S.)
| | - Karsten Richter
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Sylvia Kaden
- Core Facility Electron Microscopy, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (K.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Johannes Müthing
- Institute for Hygiene, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Roger Sandhoff
- Lipid Pathobiochemistry Group, German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (M.V.); (R.S.)
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Hartwig P, Höglinger D. The Glucosylceramide Synthase Inhibitor PDMP Causes Lysosomal Lipid Accumulation and mTOR Inactivation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137065. [PMID: 34209164 PMCID: PMC8268262 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
For many years, the biology of glycosphingolipids was elucidated with the help of glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitors such as 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP). Additionally, PDMP gained interest because of its chemosensitizing effects. Several studies have successfully combined PDMP and anti-cancer drugs in the context of cancer therapy. However, the mechanism of action of PDMP is not fully understood and seems to go beyond glycolipid inhibition. Here, we used a functionalized sphingosine analogue (pacSph) to investigate the acute effects of PDMP on cellular sphingolipid distribution and found that PDMP, but not other GCS inhibitors, such as ND-DNJ (also called Miglustat), induced sphingolipid accumulation in lysosomes. This effect could be connected to defective export from lysosome, as monitored by the prolonged lysosomal staining of sphingolipids as well as by a delay in the metabolic conversion of the pacSph precursor. Additionally, other lipids such as lysobisphosphatidic acid (LBPA) and cholesterol were enriched in lysosomes upon PDMP treatment in a time-dependent manner. We could further correlate early LBPA enrichment with dissociation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) from lysosomes followed by nuclear translocation of its downtream target, transcription factor EB (TFEB). Altogether, we report here a timeline of lysosomal lipid accumulation events and mTOR inactivation arising from PDMP treatment.
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Liu X, Li Z, Wang Y. Advances in Targeted Therapy and Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2021; 5:e1900236. [PMID: 33729700 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive malignancy with an overall 5-year survival rate of <6% due to therapeutic resistance and late-stage diagnosis. These statistics have not changed despite 50 years of research and therapeutic development. Pancreatic cancer is predicted to become the second leading cause of cancer mortality by the year 2030. Currently, the treatment options for pancreatic cancer are limited. This disease is usually diagnosed at a late stage, which prevents curative surgical resection. Chemotherapy is the most frequently used approach for pancreatic cancer treatment and has limited effects. In many other cancer types, targeted therapy and immunotherapy have made great progress and have been shown to be very promising prospects; these treatments also provide hope for pancreatic cancer. The need for research on targeted therapy and immunotherapy is pressing due to the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, and in recent years, there have been some breakthroughs for targeted therapy and immunotherapy in pancreatic cancer. This review summarizes the current preclinical and clinical studies of targeted therapy and immunotherapy for pancreatic cancer and ends by describing the challenges and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zhang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, SINH - Changzheng Hospital Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Institutes for Translational Medicine (CAS-SMMU), Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Creusot N, Gassiot M, Alaterre E, Chiavarina B, Grimaldi M, Boulahtouf A, Toporova L, Gerbal-Chaloin S, Daujat-Chavanieu M, Matheux A, Rahmani R, Gongora C, Evrard A, Pourquier P, Balaguer P. The Anti-Cancer Drug Dabrafenib Is a Potent Activator of the Human Pregnane X Receptor. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071641. [PMID: 32650447 PMCID: PMC7407672 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human pregnane X receptor (hPXR) is activated by a large set of endogenous and exogenous compounds and plays a critical role in the control of detoxifying enzymes and transporters regulating liver and gastrointestinal drug metabolism and clearance. hPXR is also involved in both the development of multidrug resistance and enhanced cancer cells aggressiveness. Moreover, its unintentional activation by pharmaceutical drugs can mediate drug–drug interactions and cause severe adverse events. In that context, the potential of the anticancer BRAF inhibitor dabrafenib suspected to activate hPXR and the human constitutive androstane receptor (hCAR) has not been thoroughly investigated yet. Using different reporter cellular assays, we demonstrate that dabrafenib can activate hPXR as efficiently as its reference agonist SR12813, whereas it does not activate mouse or zebrafish PXR nor hCAR. We also showed that dabrafenib binds to recombinant hPXR, induces the expression of hPXR responsive genes in colon LS174T-hPXR cancer cells and human hepatocytes and finally increases the proliferation in LS174T-hPXR cells. Our study reveals that by using a panel of different cellular techniques it is possible to improve the assessment of hPXR agonist activity for new developed drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Creusot
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Matthieu Gassiot
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Elina Alaterre
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Barbara Chiavarina
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Marina Grimaldi
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Abdelhay Boulahtouf
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Lucia Toporova
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Sabine Gerbal-Chaloin
- IRMB, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (S.G.-C.); (M.D.-C.)
| | - Martine Daujat-Chavanieu
- IRMB, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CHU Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (S.G.-C.); (M.D.-C.)
| | - Alice Matheux
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Roger Rahmani
- INRA UMR 1331 TOXALIM, 06560 Sophia Antipolis, France;
| | - Céline Gongora
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Alexandre Evrard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Philippe Pourquier
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (P.B.); Tel.: +33-467613787 (P.P.); +33-467612409 (P.B.); Fax: +33-467613787 (P.P.); +33-467612337 (P.B.)
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, 34298 Montpellier, France; (N.C.); (M.G.); (E.A.); (B.C.); (M.G.); (A.B.); (L.T.); (A.M.); (C.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence: (P.P.); (P.B.); Tel.: +33-467613787 (P.P.); +33-467612409 (P.B.); Fax: +33-467613787 (P.P.); +33-467612337 (P.B.)
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Kang CM, Yun B, Kim M, Song M, Kim YH, Lee SH, Lee H, Lee SM, Lee SM. Postoperative serum metabolites of patients on a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet after pancreatectomy for pancreatobiliary cancer: a nontargeted metabolomics pilot study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16820. [PMID: 31727967 PMCID: PMC6856065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A ketogenic diet is a potential adjuvant cancer therapy that limits glucose availability to tumours while fuelling normal tissues with ketone bodies. We examined the effect of a low carbohydrate ketogenic diet (LCKD) (80% kcal from fat, ketogenic ratio 1.75:1, w/w) compared to a general hospital diet (GD) on serum metabolic profiles in patients (n = 18, ≥ 19 years old) who underwent pancreatectomy for pancreatobiliary cancer. Serum samples collected preoperatively (week 0) and after the dietary intervention (week 2) were analysed with a nontargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Serum β-hydroxybutyrate and total ketone levels significantly increased after 2 weeks of LCKD compared to GD (p < 0.05). Principal component analysis score plots and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis also showed significant differences between groups at week 2, with strong validation. In all, 240 metabolites differed between LCKD and GD. Pathways including glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolisms were significantly enriched in the LCKD samples. LCKD decreased C22:1-ceramide levels, which are reported to be high in pancreatic cancer, while increasing lysophosphatidylcholine (18:2), uric acid, citrulline, and inosine levels, which are generally low in pancreatic cancer. Postoperative LCKD might beneficially modulate pancreatic cancer-related metabolites in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Moo Kang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei Pancreatobiliary Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - BoKyeong Yun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Mina Song
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Yeon-Hee Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Texas, 77030, United States
| | - Hosun Lee
- Department of Nutrition Care, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Song Mi Lee
- Department of Nutrition Care, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, 03722, Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Korea.
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Hunter CD, Guo T, Daskhan G, Richards MR, Cairo CW. Synthetic Strategies for Modified Glycosphingolipids and Their Design as Probes. Chem Rev 2018; 118:8188-8241. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmanah D. Hunter
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tianlin Guo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Gour Daskhan
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Michele R. Richards
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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Xiong Z, Zang Y, Zhong S, Zou L, Wu Y, Liu S, Fang Z, Shen Z, Ding Q, Chen S. The preclinical assessment of XL388, a mTOR kinase inhibitor, as a promising anti-renal cell carcinoma agent. Oncotarget 2018; 8:30151-30161. [PMID: 28404914 PMCID: PMC5444733 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
XL388 is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitor. We demonstrated that XL388 inhibited survival and proliferation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines (786-0 and A549) and primary human RCC cells. XL388 activated caspase-dependent apoptosis in the RCC cells. XL388 blocked mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2 activation, and depleted hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) and HIF-2α expression in RCC cells. Yet, XL388 was ineffective in RCC cells with mTOR shRNA knockdown or kinase-dead mutation. Notably, XL388 was more efficient than mTORC1 inhibitors (rapamycin, everolimus and temsirolimus) in killing RCC cells. Further studies showed that activation of MEK-ERK might be a key resistance factor of XL388. Pharmacological or shRNA-mediated inhibition of MEK-ERK pathway sensitized XL388-induced cytotoxicity in RCC cells. In vivo, oral administration of XL388 inhibited in nude mice 786-0 RCC tumor growth, and its anti-tumor activity was sensitized with co-administration of the MEK-ERK inhibitor MEK162. Together, these results suggest that concurrent inhibition of mTORC1/2 by XL388 may represent a fine strategy to inhibit RCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuquan Xiong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwen Zang
- Department of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lujia Zou
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishuo Wu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghua Liu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zujun Fang
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhoujun Shen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Ding
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanwen Chen
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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11
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Guri Y, Colombi M, Dazert E, Hindupur SK, Roszik J, Moes S, Jenoe P, Heim MH, Riezman I, Riezman H, Hall MN. mTORC2 Promotes Tumorigenesis via Lipid Synthesis. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:807-823.e12. [PMID: 29232555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) promotes cancer, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We describe an mTOR-driven mouse model that displays hepatosteatosis progressing to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Longitudinal proteomic, lipidomics, and metabolomic analyses revealed that hepatic mTORC2 promotes de novo fatty acid and lipid synthesis, leading to steatosis and tumor development. In particular, mTORC2 stimulated sphingolipid (glucosylceramide) and glycerophospholipid (cardiolipin) synthesis. Inhibition of fatty acid or sphingolipid synthesis prevented tumor development, indicating a causal effect in tumorigenesis. Increased levels of cardiolipin were associated with tubular mitochondria and enhanced oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, increased lipogenesis correlated with elevated mTORC2 activity and HCC in human patients. Thus, mTORC2 promotes cancer via formation of lipids essential for growth and energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakir Guri
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Colombi
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eva Dazert
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jason Roszik
- Departments of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Suzette Moes
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Paul Jenoe
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus H Heim
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- NCCR Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michael N Hall
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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12
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Zhang S, Deng Z, Yao C, Huang P, Zhang Y, Cao S, Li X. AT7867 Inhibits Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via AKT-Dependent and AKT-Independent Mechanisms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169585. [PMID: 28081222 PMCID: PMC5231330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AKT is often hyper-activated in human colorectal cancers (CRC). This current study evaluated the potential anti-CRC activity by AT7867, a novel AKT and p70S6K1 (S6K1) dual inhibitor. We showed that AT7867 inhibited survival and proliferation of established (HT-29, HCT116 and DLD-1 lines) and primary human CRC cells. Meanwhile, it provoked caspase-dependent apoptosis in the CRC cells. Molecularly, AT7867 blocked AKT-S6K1 activation in CRC cells. Restoring AKT-S6K1 activation, via expression of a constitutively-active AKT1 ("ca-AKT1"), only partially attenuated AT7867-induced HT-29 cell death. Further studies demonstrated that AT7867 inhibited sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) activity to promote pro-apoptotic ceramide production in HT-29 cells. Such effects by AT7867 were independent of AKT inhibition. AT7867-indued ceramide production and subsequent HT-29 cell apoptosis were attenuated by co-treatment of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), but were potentiated with the glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) inhibitor PDMP. In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of AT7867 inhibited HT-29 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. AKT activation was also inhibited in AT7867-treated HT-29 tumors. Together, the preclinical results suggest that AT7867 inhibits CRC cells via AKT-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihu Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengming Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Orthopedic Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shibing Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (SC)
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail: (XL); (SC)
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13
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Ode T, Podyma-Inoue KA, Terasawa K, Inokuchi JI, Kobayashi T, Watabe T, Izumi Y, Hara-Yokoyama M. PDMP, a ceramide analogue, acts as an inhibitor of mTORC1 by inducing its translocation from lysosome to endoplasmic reticulum. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:103-114. [PMID: 27865938 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a master regulator of cell growth, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Recent studies have revealed that the recruitment of mTORC1 to lysosomes is essential for its activation. The ceramide analogue 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP), a well known glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, also affects the structures and functions of various organelles, including lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We investigated whether PDMP regulates the mTORC1 activity through its effects on organellar behavior. PDMP induced the translocation of mTORC1 from late endosomes/lysosomes, leading to the dissociation of mTORC1 from its activator Rheb in MC3T3-E1 cells. Surprisingly, we found mTORC1 translocation to the ER upon PDMP treatment. This effect of PDMP was independent of its action as the inhibitor, since two stereoisomers of PDMP, with and without the inhibitor activity, showed essentially the same effect. We confirmed that PDMP inhibits the mTORC1 activity based on the decrease in the phosphorylation of ribosomal S6 kinase, a downstream target of mTORC1, and the increase in LC3 puncta, reflecting autophagosome formation. Furthermore, PDMP inhibited the mTORC1-dependent osteoblastic cell proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Accordingly, the present results reveal a novel mechanism of PDMP, which inhibits the mTORC1 activity by inducing the translocation of mTOR from lysosomes to the ER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ode
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan; Research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), 5-3-1 Kojimachi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Katarzyna A Podyma-Inoue
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Kazue Terasawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Jin-Ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1, Komatsushima, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kobayashi
- Lipid Biology Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; CNRS, UMR 7213, University of Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France
| | - Tetsuro Watabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuichi Izumi
- Department of Periodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Miki Hara-Yokoyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan.
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14
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Liu Y, Li F, Gao F, Xing L, Qin P, Liang X, Zhang J, Qiao X, Lin L, Zhao Q, Du L. Role of microenvironmental periostin in pancreatic cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 8:89552-89565. [PMID: 29163770 PMCID: PMC5685691 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a prominent desmoplastic reaction. Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are the principal effector cells responsible for stroma production. Aberrant up-regulation of periostin expression has been reported in activated PSCs. In this study, we investigated the role of periostin and the mechanisms underlying its aberrant upregulation in PDAC. We used lentiviral shRNA and human recombinant periostin protein to down and up regulate periostin expression in vitro. Specific oncogenic signaling pathways such as EGFR-Akt and EGFR-Erk-c-Myc were assessed in vitro and in vivo. Tissue microarray immunohistochemical assays including 80 pancreatic cancer tissues and paired normal tissues were used to understand the function relationship between periostin expression and PDAC pathologic stage and overall survival. We found that periostin was strongly expressed in PSCs and the stroma of PDAC tumors. We also observed a significant decrease in proliferation, metastasis, and clonality of pancreatic cancer cells when co-cultured with supernatant of periostin shRNA-transfected PSCs. Specifically, the biological behavior of periostin correlated with EGFR-Akt and EGER-Erk-c-Myc signaling pathways. Moreover, increased periostin expression significantly associated with advanced disease stage and decreased survival rate in PDAC patients. Together, our findings provide novel insights into the role of microenvironmental periostin in pancreatic cancer progression, and periostin may serve as a prognostic biomarker for PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lingxi Xing
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xingxin Liang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xiaohui Qiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis and National Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lianfang Du
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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15
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Ma YY, Mou XZ, Ding YH, Zou H, Huang DS. Delivery systems of ceramide in targeted cancer therapy: ceramide alone or in combination with other anti-tumor agents. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 13:1397-406. [PMID: 27168034 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2016.1188803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Yu Ma
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Medical School and Jiangsu Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Zhou Mou
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai Zou
- Department of Cardiology, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dong-Sheng Huang
- Clinical Research Institute, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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16
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Inhibition of ceramide glucosylation sensitizes lung cancer cells to ABC294640, a first-in-class small molecule SphK2 inhibitor. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 476:230-236. [PMID: 27221045 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) is proposed as a novel oncotarget for lung cancer. Here, we studied the anti-lung cancer cell activity by ABC294640, a first-in-class SphK2 inhibitor. We showed that ABC294640 suppressed growth of primary and A549 human lung cancer cells, but sparing SphK2-low lung epithelial cells. Inhibition of SphK2 by ABC294640 increased ceramide accumulation, but decreased pro-survival sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) content, leading to lung cancer cell apoptosis activation. Significantly, we show that glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) might be a major resistance factor of ABC294640. The GCS inhibitor 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) or GCS shRNA/siRNA knockdown facilitated ABC294640-induced ceramide production and lung cancer cell apoptosis. Reversely, forced overexpression of GCS reduced ABC294640's sensitivity, resulting in decreased ceramide accumulation and apoptosis induction in A549 cells. These findings provide further evidences to support that targeting SphK2 by ABC294640 may be a rational treatment option for lung cancer. Ceramide glucosylation inhibition may further sensitize lung cancer cells to ABC294640.
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17
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Karandish F, Mallik S. Biomarkers and Targeted Therapy in Pancreatic Cancer. BIOMARKERS IN CANCER 2016; 8:27-35. [PMID: 27147897 PMCID: PMC4847554 DOI: 10.4137/bic.s34414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) constitutes 90% of pancreatic cancers. PDAC is a complex and devastating disease with only 1%-3% survival rate in five years after the second stage. Treatment of PDAC is complicated due to the tumor microenvironment, changing cell behaviors to the mesenchymal type, altered drug delivery, and drug resistance. Considering that pancreatic cancer shows early invasion and metastasis, critical research is needed to explore different aspects of the disease, such as elaboration of biomarkers, specific signaling pathways, and gene aberration. In this review, we highlight the biomarkers, the fundamental signaling pathways, and their importance in targeted drug delivery for pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Karandish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sanku Mallik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
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