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Bailly C, Vergoten G. Anticancer Properties and Mechanism of Action of Oblongifolin C, Guttiferone K and Related Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:629-641. [PMID: 34586597 PMCID: PMC8479269 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols represent an important class of natural products found in many plants. Among them, the two related products oblongifolin C (Ob-C) and guttiferone K (Gt-K) isolated from Garcinia species (notably from edible fruits), have attracted attention due to their marked anticancer properties. The two compounds only differ by the nature of the C-6 side chain, prenyl (Gt-K) or geranyl (Ob-C) on the phloroglucinol core. Their origin, method of extraction and biological properties are presented here, with a focus on the targets and pathways implicated in their anticancer activities. Both compounds markedly reduce cancer cell proliferation in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. They are both potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis, and regulation of autophagy flux is a hallmark of their mode of action. The distinct mechanism leading to autophagosome accumulation in cells and the implicated molecular targets are discussed. The specific role of the chaperone protein HSPA8, known to interact with Ob-C, is addressed. Molecular models of Gt-K and Ob-C bound to HSPA8 provide a structural basis to their common HSPA8-binding recognition capacity. The review shed light on the mechanism of action of these compounds, to encourage their studies and potential development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Scientific Consulting Office, OncoWitan, 59290, Lille, Wasquehal, France.
| | - Gérard Vergoten
- Inserm, INFINITE - U1286, Faculté de Pharmacie, University of Lille, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, BP-83, 59006, Lille, France
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de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Lo HH, Zhang K, Law BYK, Nasim AA, Chung SK, Wong VKW, Liu L. Potential therapeutic compounds from traditional Chinese medicine targeting endoplasmic reticulum stress to alleviate rheumatoid arthritis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 170:105696. [PMID: 34052360 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which affects about 0.5-1% of people with symptoms that significantly impact a sufferer's lifestyle. The cells involved in propagating RA tend to display pro-inflammatory and cancer-like characteristics. Medical drug treatment is currently the main avenue of RA therapy. However, drug options are limited due to severe side effects, high costs, insufficient disease retardation in a majority of patients, and therapeutic effects possibly subsiding over time. Thus there is a need for new drug therapies. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a condition due to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, and subsequent cellular responses have been found to be involved in cancer and inflammatory pathologies, including RA. ER stress protein markers and their modulation have therefore been suggested as therapeutic targets, such as GRP78 and CHOP, among others. Some current RA therapeutic drugs have been found to have ER stress-modulating properties. Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs) frequently use natural products that affect multiple body and cellular targets, and several medicines and/or their isolated compounds have been found to also have ER stress-modulating capabilities, including TCMs used in RA treatment by Chinese Medicine practitioners. This review encourages, in light of the available information, the study of these RA-treating, ER stress-modulating TCMs as potential new pharmaceutical drugs for use in clinical RA therapy, along with providing a list of other ER stress-modulating TCMs utilized in treatment of cancers, inflammatory diseases and other diseases, that have potential use in RA treatment given similar ER stress-modulating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Hang Hong Lo
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Kaixi Zhang
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China
| | - Ali Adnan Nasim
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Sookja Kim Chung
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- Dr. Neher's Biophysics Laboratory for Innovative Drug Discovery, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China; Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, China.
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Antitumor activity of a novel Aurora A/B kinases inhibitor TY-011 against gastric cancer by inducing DNA damage. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 31:440-451. [PMID: 32187025 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
TY-011, a novel Aurora A/B kinases inhibitor, was found in our previous study to exhibit prominent inhibitory effects on growth of gastric cancer, both in vitro and in vivo. To clarify the mechanisms of TY-011 in inhibiting proliferation of gastric cancer cells, the effects of TY-011 on mitosis, cell cycle, apoptosis and cellular DNA were checked in the present study. Our results showed that TY-011 treatment induced aberrant mitosis, G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Importantly, TY-011 induced evident DNA damage in MGC-803 and MKN-45 human gastric cancer cells, which was further characterized as DNA double-strand break. Furthermore, cells treated with TY-011 appeared to generate multiple spindle fibers emanating from several spindle poles, leading to poly-merotelic kinetochore. These results suggested that TY-011 induced abnormal microtubule-kinetochores attachment and thus DNA damage, apoptosis and finally inhibition of cell proliferation of human gastric cancer cells.
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Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols and their derivatives: structural modification, structure-activity relationship, biological activity and mechanism of action. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 205:112646. [PMID: 32791400 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (BPAPs), the principal bioactive benzophenone products isolated from plants of genera Garcinia and Hypericum, have attracted noticeable attention from the synthetic and biological communities due to their fascinating chemical structures and promising biological activities. However, the potential drug interaction, undesired physiochemical properties and toxicity have limited their potential use and development. In the last decade, pharmaceutical research on the structural modifications, structure-activity relationships (SARs) and mechanisms of action of BPAPs has been greatly developed to overcome the challenges. A comprehensive review of these scientific literature is extremely needed to give an overview of the rapidly emerging area and facilitate research related to BPAPs. This review, containing over 226 references, covers the progress made in the chemical synthesis-based structure modifications, SARs and the mechanism of action of BPAPs in vivo and vitro. The most relevant articles will focus on the discovery of lead compounds via synthetic modifications and the important BPAPs for which the direct targets have been deciphered. From this review, several key points of the SARs and mode of actions of this novel class of compounds have been summarized. The perspective and future direction of the research on BPAPs are concluded. This review would be helpful to get a better grasp of medicinal research of BPAPs and become a compelling guide for chemists dedicated to the synthesis of these compounds.
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Wu M, Lao YZ, Tan HS, Lu G, Ren Y, Zheng ZQ, Yi J, Fu WW, Shen HM, Xu HX. Oblongifolin C suppresses lysosomal function independently of TFEB nuclear translocation. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:929-937. [PMID: 30333555 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0167-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are the terminal organelles of the autophagic-endocytic pathway and play a key role in the degradation of autophagic contents. We previously reported that a natural compound oblongifolin C (OC) increased the number of autophagosomes and impaired the degradation of P62, most likely via suppression of lysosomal function and blockage of autophagosome-lysosome fusion. However, the precise mechanisms of how OC inhibits the lysosome-autophagy pathway remain unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effect of OC on transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal function and autophagy. We showed that treatment with OC (15 μM) markedly enhanced the nuclear translocation of TFEB in HeLa cells, concomitantly reduced the interaction of TFEB with 14-3-3 proteins. We further demonstrated that OC caused significant inhibition of mTORC1 along with TFEB nuclear translocation, and OC-mediated TFEB nuclear translocation was dependent on mTORC1 suppression. Intriguingly, this increased nuclear TFEB was accompanied by reduced TFEB luciferase activity, increased lysosomal pH and impaired cathepsin enzyme activities. In HeLa cells, treatment with OC (7.5 μM) resulted in about 30% of cell death, whereas treatment with hydroxycitrate, a caloric restriction mimetic (20 μM) did not affect the cell viability. However, cotreatment with OC and hydroxycitrate caused significantly great cytotoxicity (>50%). Taken together, these results demonstrate that inhibition of lysosome function is mediated by OC, despite evident TFEB nuclear translocation.
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Natural compound Oblongifolin C confers gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer by downregulating Src/MAPK/ERK pathways. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:538. [PMID: 29749405 PMCID: PMC5970202 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GEM)-induced drug resistance is the major reason for the failure of chemotherapy in pancreatic cancer (PC). In this study, we found that Oblongifolin C (OC) efficiently inhibited PC cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis. Also, our mechanism study demonstrated that OC re-sensitized the GEM-resistant PC cells through the ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation of Src, and then downregulating the MAPK pathway. Knockdown of Src plus OC resulted in a greater inhibitory effect in GEM-resistant PC cells. In contrast, Src overexpression reversed OC-mediated chemosensitization, thereby implicating Src in the action of OC. Moreover, our in vivo study showed that OC suppressed the tumor growth via the downregulation of Src, and enhanced the chemosensitivity of GEM-resistant PC to GEM. Overall, our results have revealed that OC is applicable as a promising agent for overcoming GEM-resistant PC, especially with aberrant Src expression.
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Xu D, Gao Y, Guan Y, Chen Q. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone protects chondrocytes from ER stress-induced apoptosis through regulation of the IRE1α pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:157-166. [PMID: 28436754 PMCID: PMC6104397 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1321639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)α signaling in ER stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chondroprotective activity of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) from Murraya exotica. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRE1α was knocked down by siRNA transfection in chondrocytes, which were harvested from rats' knee cartilages. Chondrocytes with IRE1α deficiency were administrated with tunicamycin (TM) and TMF. Chondrocyte apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and DAPI/TUNEL staining. Expression of mRNA and proteins was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western-blot, respectively. RESULTS IRE1α deficiency significantly increased the rate of TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, down-regulated the expression of pro-survival factors XBP1S and Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic factors CHOP, p-JNK, and caspase-3. TMF suppressed TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by activating the expression of IRE1α, which reversed the expression patterns of downstream pro-survival and pro-apoptotic factors due to IRE1α deficiency. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TMF in protecting chondrocytes against ER stress-induced apoptosis might be associated with regulating the activity of ER sensor IRE1α and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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Yang XW, Grossman RB, Xu G. Research Progress of Polycyclic Polyprenylated Acylphloroglucinols. Chem Rev 2018; 118:3508-3558. [PMID: 29461053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs) are a class of hybrid natural products sharing the mevalonate/methylerythritol phosphate and polyketide biosynthetic pathways and showing considerable structure and bioactivity diversity. This review discusses the progress of research into the chemistry and biological activity of 421 natural PPAPs in the past 11 years as well as in-depth studies of biological activities and total synthesis of some PPAPs isolated before 2006. We created an online database of all PPAPs known to date at http://www.chem.uky.edu/research/grossman/PPAPs . Two subclasses of biosynthetically related metabolites, spirocyclic PPAPs with octahydrospiro[cyclohexan-1,5'-indene]-2,4,6-trione core and complicated PPAPs produced by intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloadditions of MPAPs, are brought into the PPAP family. Some PPAPs' relative or absolute configurations are reassigned or critically discussed, and the confusing trivial names in PPAPs investigations are clarified. Pharmacologic studies have revealed a new molecular mechanism whereby hyperforin and its derivatives regulate neurotransmitter levels by activating TRPC6 as well as the antitumor mechanism of garcinol and its analogues. The antineoplastic potential of some type B PPAPs such as oblongifolin C and guttiferone K has increased significantly. As a result of the recent appearances of innovative synthetic methods and strategies, the total syntheses of 22 natural PPAPs including hyperforin, garcinol, and plukenetione A have been accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
| | - Robert B Grossman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kentucky , Lexington , Kentucky 40506-0055 , United States
| | - Gang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China , Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry , Kunming 650201 , People's Republic of China
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Liu L, He J, Wei X, Wan G, Lao Y, Xu W, Li Z, Hu H, Hu Z, Luo X, Wu J, Xie W, Zhang Y, Xu N. MicroRNA-20a-mediated loss of autophagy contributes to breast tumorigenesis by promoting genomic damage and instability. Oncogene 2017. [PMID: 28628113 PMCID: PMC5658668 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer data set show that miR-20a is upregulated in human breast cancer, especially in triple-negative subtype. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis suggests that miR-20a expression negatively correlates with the autophagy/lysosome pathway. We report here that miR-20a inhibits the basal and nutrient starvation-induced autophagic flux and lysosomal proteolytic activity, increases intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and DNA damage response by targeting several key regulators of autophagy, including BECN1, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1. Re-introduction of exogenous BECN1, ATG16L1 or SQSTM1 reverses the inhibitory effect of miR-20a on autophagy and decreases DNA damage. A negative correlation between miR-20a and its target genes is observed in breast cancer tissues. Lower levels of BECN1, ATG16L1 and SQSTM1 are more common in triple-negative cancers than in other subtypes. High levels of miR-20a also associate with higher frequency of copy-number alterations and DNA mutations in breast cancer patients. Further studies in a xenograft mouse model show that miR-20a promotes tumor initiation and tumor growth. Collectively, these findings suggest that miR-20a-mediated autophagy defect might be a new mechanism underlying the oncogenic function of miRNA during breast tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J He
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - X Wei
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - G Wan
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Lao
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - W Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Li
- School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Z Hu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Wuhan No. 1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - X Luo
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - J Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.,Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - W Xie
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
| | - N Xu
- Key Lab in Healthy Science and Technology, Division of Life Science, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.,Open FIESTA center, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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Wang L, Fu W, Shen Y, Tan H, Xu H. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Selective Extraction of Oblongifolin C from Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22040508. [PMID: 28333096 PMCID: PMC6153995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22040508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized and applied for the selective extraction of oblongifolin C (OC) from fruit extracts of Garcinia yunnanensis Hu. A series of experiments and computational approaches were employed to improve the efficiency of screening for optimal MIP systems in the study. The molar ratio (1:4) was eventually chosen based on the comparison of the binding energy of the complexes between the template (OC) and the functional monomers using density functional theory (DFT) at the RI-PBE-D3-gCP/def2-TZVP level of theory. The binding characterization and the molecular recognition mechanism of MIPs were further explained using the molecular modeling method along with NMR and IR spectra data. The reusability of this approach was demonstrated in over 20 batch rebinding experiments. A mass of 140.5 mg of OC (>95% purity) was obtained from the 5 g extracts, with 2 g of MIPs with the best binding properties, through a gradient elution program from 35% to 70% methanol-water solution. At the same time, another structural analog, 46.5 mg of guttiferone K (GK) (>88% purity), was also obtained by the gradient elution procedure. Our results showed that the structural analogs could be separated from the crude extracts by the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) using a gradient elution procedure for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wenwei Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yunhui Shen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hongxi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Engineering Research Center of Shanghai Colleges for TCM New Drug Discovery, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Nujiangexathone A, a Novel Compound Derived from Garcinia nujiangensis, Induces Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer through the ROS/JNK Pathway. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101360. [PMID: 27754347 PMCID: PMC6274097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nujiangexathone A (NJXA), a novel compound derived from Garcinia nujiangensis, has been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of several human cancer cell lines. This study is the first to demonstrate the apoptosis inductive activities of NJXA and the possible underlying mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that NJXA inhibited colony formation by HeLa and SiHa cells in a dose-dependent manner. An Annexin V-FITC/PI staining assay showed that NJXA strongly triggered apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting analyses showed that NJXA induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cells by triggering a series of events, including changes in the levels of Bcl-2 family proteins, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, and chromosome fragmentation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that NJXA induced cell apoptosis by activating the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated JNK signaling pathway. Consistent with this finding, a ROS scavenger, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC, 10 mM), hindered NJXA-induced apoptosis and attenuated the sensitivity of HeLa and SiHa cells to NJXA. In vivo results further confirmed that the tumor inhibitory effect of NJXA was partially through the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, our results demonstrated that NJXA induced the apoptosis of HeLa and SiHa cells through the ROS/JNK signaling pathway, indicating that NJXA could be important candidate for the clinical treatment of cervical cancer.
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Wang L, Wu R, Fu W, Lao Y, Zheng C, Tan H, Xu H. Synthesis and biological evaluation of Oblongifolin C derivatives as c-Met inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:4120-4128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Le DH, Nishimura K, Takenaka Y, Mizushina Y, Tanahashi T. Polyprenylated Benzoylphloroglucinols with DNA Polymerase Inhibitory Activity from the Fruits of Garcinia schomburgkiana. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1798-1807. [PMID: 27409517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the fruits of Garcinia schomburgkiana collected in Vietnam led to the isolation of eight new schomburgkianones, A-H (1-8), four known (9-12) polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols, and four known biflavonoids. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical means. The absolute configuration at C-40 of 1 and 2 was determined by (1)H NMR analyses of their MPA esters. The configuration of the bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane core of the polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols was assigned by comparison of their experimental ECD spectra with those of related compounds. The polyprenylated benzoylphloroglucinols exhibited inhibitory activities against mammalian DNA polymerases α and λ, with IC50 values ranging from 5.0 to 8.8 μM. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, and 9-11 showed cytotoxic effects against HeLa human cervical cancer cells with median lethal dose values lower than 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duy Hoang Le
- Kobe Pharmaceutical University , Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | | | | | - Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Shinshu University , Kamiina-gun, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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BFD-22 a new potential inhibitor of BRAF inhibits the metastasis of B16F10 melanoma cells and simultaneously increased the tumor immunogenicity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 295:56-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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