1
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Liu X, Li J, Deng J, Zhao J, Zhao G, Zhang T, Jiang H, Liang B, Xing D, Wang J. Targeting Trop2 in solid tumors: a look into structures and novel epitopes. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1332489. [PMID: 38179054 PMCID: PMC10765514 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2) exhibits limited expression in normal tissues but is over-expressed across various solid tumors. The effectiveness of anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) in managing breast cancer validates Trop2 as a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. However, excessive toxicity and a low response rate of ADCs pose ongoing challenges. Safer and more effective strategies should be developed for Trop2-positive cancers. The dynamic structural attributes and the oligomeric assembly of Trop2 present formidable obstacles to the progression of innovative targeted therapeutics. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in understanding Trop2's structure and provide an overview of the epitope characteristics of Trop2-targeted agents. Furthermore, we discuss the correlation between anti-Trop2 agents' epitopes and their respective functions, particularly emphasizing their efficacy and specificity in targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiyixuan Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Gaoxiang Zhao
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Bing Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao, China
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2
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Koltai T, Fliegel L. The Relationship between Trop-2, Chemotherapeutic Drugs, and Chemoresistance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:87. [PMID: 38203255 PMCID: PMC10779383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Trop-2 is a highly conserved one-pass transmembrane mammalian glycoprotein that is normally expressed in tissues such as the lung, intestines, and kidney during embryonic development. It is overexpressed in many epithelial cancers but is absent in non-epithelial tumors. Trop-2 is an intracellular calcium signal transducer that participates in the promotion of cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, and probably stemness. It also has some tumor suppressor effects. The pro-tumoral actions have been thoroughly investigated and reported. However, Trop-2's activity in chemoresistance is less well known. We review a possible relationship between Trop-2, chemotherapy, and chemoresistance. We conclude that there is a clear role for Trop-2 in some specific chemoresistance events. On the other hand, there is no clear evidence for its participation in multidrug resistance through direct drug transport. The development of antibody conjugate drugs (ACD) centered on anti-Trop-2 monoclonal antibodies opened the gates for the treatment of some tumors resistant to classic chemotherapies. Advanced urothelial tumors and breast cancer were among the first malignancies for which these ACDs have been employed. However, there is a wide group of other tumors that may benefit from anti-Trop-2 therapy as soon as clinical trials are completed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Koltai
- Hospital del Centro Gallego de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 2199, Argentina;
| | - Larry Fliegel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Alberta, 347 Medical Science Bldg., Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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3
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Guerra E, Trerotola M, Relli V, Lattanzio R, Ceci M, Boujnah K, Pantalone L, Di Pietro R, Iezzi M, Tinari N, Alberti S. The 2EF Antibody Targets a Unique N-Terminal Epitope of Trop-2 and Enhances the In Vivo Activity of the Cancer-Selective 2G10 Antibody. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3721. [PMID: 37509383 PMCID: PMC10378344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Trop-2 proteolytic processing in cancer cells exposes epitopes that were specifically targeted by the 2G10 antibody. We sought additional recognition of Trop-2 within difficult-to-reach, densely packed tumor sites. Trop-2 deletion mutants were employed in immunization and screening procedures, and these led to the recognition of a novel epitope in the N-terminal region of Trop-2, by the 2EF antibody. The 2EF mAb was shown to bind Trop-2 at cell-cell junctions in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and in deeply seated sites in prostate cancer, that were inaccessible to benchmark anti-Trop-2 antibodies. The 2EF antibody was shown to inhibit the growth of HT29 colon tumor cells in vitro, with the highest activity at high cell density. In vivo, 2EF showed anticancer activity against SKOv3 ovarian, Colo205, HT29, HCT116 colon and DU-145 prostate tumors, with the highest impact on densely packed tumor sites, whereby 2EF outcompeted benchmark anti-Trop-2 antibodies. Given the different recognition modes of Trop-2 by 2EF and 2G10, we hypothesized the effective interaction of the two mAb in vivo. The 2EF mAb was indeed demonstrated to enhance the activity of 2G10 against tumor xenotransplants, opening novel avenues for Trop-2-targeted therapy. We humanized 2EF by state-of-the-art CDR grafting/re-modeling, yielding the Hu2EF for therapy of Trop-2-expressing tumors in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Guerra
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Trerotola
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valeria Relli
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Rossano Lattanzio
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Martina Ceci
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Khouloud Boujnah
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences-BIOMORF, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Ludovica Pantalone
- Laboratory of Cancer Pathology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, Section of Biomorphology, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, Department of Biology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Manuela Iezzi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Center for Advanced Studies and Technnology (CAST), G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Tinari
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Saverio Alberti
- Unit of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences-BIOMORF, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
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4
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Qiu S, Zhang J, Wang Z, Lan H, Hou J, Zhang N, Wang X, Lu H. Targeting Trop-2 in cancer: Recent research progress and clinical application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188902. [PMID: 37121444 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The development of new antitumor drugs depends mainly upon targeting tumor cells precisely. Trophoblast surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein involved in Ca2+ signaling in tumor cells. It is highly expressed in various tumor tissues than in normal tissues and represents a novel and promising molecular target for caner targeted therapy. Up to now, the mechanisms and functions associated with Trop-2 have been extensively studied in a variety of solid tumors. According to these findings, Trop-2 plays an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell adhesion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, as well as tumorigenesis and tumor progression. In addition, Trop-2 related drugs are also being developed widely. There are a number of Trop-2 related ADC drugs that have demonstrated potent antitumor activity and are currently been studied, such as Sacituzumab Govitecan (SG) and Datopotamab Deruxtecan (Dato-Dxd). In this study, we reviewed the progress of Trop-2 research in solid tumors. We also sorted out the composition and rationale of Trop-2 related drugs and summarized the related clinical trials. Finally, we discussed the current status of Trop-2 research and expanded our perspectives on its future research directions. Importantly, we found that Trop-2 targeted ADCs have great potential for combination with other antitumor therapies. Trop-2 targeted ADCs can reprogramme tumor microenvironment through multiple signaling pathways, ultimately activating antitumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuying Qiu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Key Lab of Biotherapy in Zhejiang, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University/Lishui Central Hospital and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Lishui, China
| | - Jili Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhuji People's Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Zhuji, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Haiqi Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Medical School of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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5
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Construction of a novel TROP2/CD3 bispecific antibody with potent antitumor activity and reduced induction of Th1 cytokines. Protein Expr Purif 2023; 205:106242. [PMID: 36746324 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2023.106242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cancers, including triple-negative breast cancer, overexpress TROP2 on the surface of tumor cells. TROP2 has become a promising tumor associated antigen for the development of novel antibody-based targeted therapy. Herein, we constructed a novel bispecific antibody with the ability to simultaneously target TROP2 on the tumor surface and bind to CD3 to activate T cells. Given that the excessive production of Th1 cytokines induced by CD3-mediated T-cell overactivation may lead to toxicity in the clinic, we devised a strategy to modify this CD3-induced T cell activation by a two-step reduction in the bispecific antibody binding affinity for CD3 to a level that retained the ability of the bispecific antibody to effectively inhibit tumor growth while greatly reducing the amount of Th1 cytokines secreted by T cells. Thus, we provide insight into the design of T cell engagers that exhibit a promising toxicity profile while retaining inhibitory effects on tumor growth.
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6
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Jia L, Fu Y, Zhang N, Liu Y, Su L, Wang H, Zhao W. Directional conjugation of Trop2 antibody to black phosphorus nanosheets for phototherapy in orthotopic gastric carcinoma. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 51:102687. [PMID: 37121458 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (Trop2) highly specific expression in gastric carcinoma (GC). The combination of Trop2 antibody and phototherapy agents could exhibit synergetic antitumor activity. Black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) are covalently modified with Trop2 IgG antibodies via heterobifunctional linker of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Then the Trop2 antibody was directionally conjugated to BP via Schiff base reaction between aldehyde group from oxidized Trop2 antibody and amino group of PEG. The Trop2-funcationalzied BP can significantly increase the endocytosis of BP in Trop2-positive GC cells exhibiting a reinforced antitumor activity under near infrared (NIR) irradiation. More importantly, a murine orthotopic GC model demonstrates that Trop2 antibody modification can significantly promote the accumulation of BP at tumor tissues and strengthen antitumoral activity of phototherapy. Directional conjugation of Trop2 antibody to BP facilitates the BP with superior stability, tumor targeting ability and excellent anti-tumor activity under NIR irradiation without systemic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhou Jia
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Yuhao Fu
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015000, China; Basic Medical Sciences College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Central Laboratory, Bayannur Hospital, Bayannur 015000, China
| | - Lin Su
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Haisheng Wang
- Basic Medical Sciences College, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210012, China.
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7
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Liu X, Deng J, Yuan Y, Chen W, Sun W, Wang Y, Huang H, Liang B, Ming T, Wen J, Huang B, Xing D. Advances in Trop2-targeted therapy: Novel agents and opportunities beyond breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 239:108296. [PMID: 36208791 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trop2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and calcium signal transducer with limited expression in normal human tissues. It is consistently overexpressed in a variety of malignant tumors and participates in several oncogenic signaling pathways that lead to tumor development, invasion, and metastasis. As a result, Trop2 has become an attractive therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The anti-Trop2 antibody-drug conjugate (Trodelvy™, sacituzumab govitecan) has been approved to treat metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. However, it is still unclear whether the success observed in Trop2-positive breast cancer could be replicated in other tumor types, owing to the differences in the expression levels and functions of Trop2 across cancer types. In this review, we summarize the recent progress on the structures and functions of Trop2 and highlight the potential diagnostic and therapeutic value of Trop2 beyond breast cancer. In addition, the promising novel Trop2-targeted agents in the clinic were discussed, which will likely alter the therapeutic landscape of Trop2-positive tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Junwen Deng
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yang Yuan
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wujun Chen
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenshe Sun
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Haiming Huang
- Shanghai Asia United Antibody Medical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Tao Ming
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jialian Wen
- School of Social Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Binghuan Huang
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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8
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Identification and Characterization of Specific Nanobodies against Trop-2 for Tumor Targeting. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147942. [PMID: 35887287 PMCID: PMC9316174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop-2) is a tumor-associated antigen that is connected with the development of various tumors and has been identified as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy. To date, the immunotherapy against Trop-2 mainly relies on the specific targeting by monoclonal antibody in antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Alternatively, the single domain antibodies of nanobodies (Nbs) possesses unique properties such as smaller size, better tissue penetration, etc., to make them good candidates for tumor targeting. Thus, it was proposed to develop anti-Trop-2 Nbs for tumor targeting in this study. Generally, three consecutive rounds of bio-panning were performed against immobilized recombinant Trop-2, and yielded three Nbs (Nb60, Nb65, and Nb108). The affinity of selected Nbs was determined in the nanomolar range, especially the good properties of Nb60 were verified as a promising candidate for tumor labeling. The binding to native Trop-2 was confirmed by flow cytometry against tumor cells. The inhibitory effects of the selected Nbs on tumor cell proliferation and migration were confirmed by wound healing and Transwell assay. The clear localization of the selected Nbs on the surface of tumor cells verified the potent labeling efficiency. In conclusion, this study provided several Nbs with the potential to be developed as targeting moiety of drug conjugates.
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9
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Tu Y, Yao Z, Yang W, Tao S, Li B, Wang Y, Su Z, Li S. Application of Nanoparticles in Tumour Targeted Drug Delivery and Vaccine. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.948705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, and nearly 1 in 6 deaths each year is caused by cancer. Traditional cancer treatment strategies cannot completely solve cancer recurrence and metastasis. With the development of nanotechnology, the study of nanoparticles (NPs) has gradually become a hotspot of medical research. NPs have various advantages. NPs exploit the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) of tumour cells to achieve targeted drug delivery and can be retained in tumours long-term. NPs can be used as a powerful design platform for vaccines as well as immunization enhancers. Liposomes, as organic nanomaterials, are widely used in the preparation of nanodrugs and vaccines. Currently, most of the anticancer drugs that have been approved and entered clinical practice are prepared from lipid materials. However, the current clinical conversion rate of NPs is still extremely low, and the transition of NPs from the laboratory to clinical practice is still a substantial challenge. In this paper, we review the in vivo targeted delivery methods, material characteristics of NPs and the application of NPs in vaccine preparation. The application of nanoliposomes is also emphasized. Furthermore, the challenges and limitations of NPs are briefly discussed.
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Liao S, Wang B, Zeng R, Bao H, Chen X, Dixit R, Xing X. Recent advances in trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 targeted therapy for solid tumors. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:1096-1110. [PMID: 34462935 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (Trop 2) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed in various cancer types with relatively low or no baseline expression in most normal tissues. Its overexpression is associated with tumor growth and poor prognosis; Trop 2 is, therefore, an ideal therapeutic target for epithelial cancers. Several Trop 2 targeted therapeutics have recently been developed for the treatment of cancers, such as anti-Trop 2 antibodies and antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), as well as Trop 2-specific cell therapy. In particular, the safety and clinical benefit of Trop 2-based ADCs have been demonstrated in clinical trials across multiple tumor types, including those with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer, platinum-resistant urothelial cancer, and heavily pretreated non-small cell lung cancer. In this review, we elaborate on recent advances in Trop 2 targeted modalities and provide an overview of novel insights for future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutan Liao
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Bao
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rakesh Dixit
- Department of Consultation, Bionavigen LLC, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Xing
- Department of Consultation, Amador Bioscience Ltd, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Trop-2 cleavage by ADAM10 is an activator switch for cancer growth and metastasis. Neoplasia 2021; 23:415-428. [PMID: 33839455 PMCID: PMC8042651 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Trop-2 is a transmembrane signal transducer that can induce cancer growth. Using antibody targeting and N-terminal Edman degradation, we show here that Trop-2 undergoes cleavage in the first thyroglobulin domain loop of its extracellular region, between residues R87 and T88. Molecular modeling indicated that this cleavage induces a profound rearrangement of the Trop-2 structure, which suggested a deep impact on its biological function. No Trop-2 cleavage was detected in normal human tissues, whereas most tumors showed Trop-2 cleavage, including skin, ovary, colon, and breast cancers. Coimmunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis revealed that ADAM10 physically interacts with Trop-2. Immunofluorescence/confocal time-lapse microscopy revealed that the two molecules broadly colocalize at the cell membrane. We show that ADAM10 inhibitors, siRNAs and shRNAs abolish the processing of Trop-2, which indicates that ADAM10 is an effector protease. Proteolysis of Trop-2 at R87-T88 triggered cancer cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. A corresponding role was shown for metastatic spreading of colon cancer, as the R87A-T88A Trop-2 mutant abolished xenotransplant metastatic dissemination. Activatory proteolysis of Trop-2 was recapitulated in primary human breast cancers. Together with the prognostic impact of Trop-2 and ADAM10 on cancers of the skin, ovary, colon, lung, and pancreas, these data indicate a driving role of this activatory cleavage of Trop-2 on malignant progression of tumors.
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12
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Zaman S, Jadid H, Denson AC, Gray JE. Targeting Trop-2 in solid tumors: future prospects. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:1781-1790. [PMID: 30881031 PMCID: PMC6402435 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s162447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Trop-2 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is upregulated in all cancer types independent of baseline levels of Trop-2 expression. Trop-2 is an ideal candidate for targeted therapeutics due to it being a transmembrane protein with an extracellular domain overexpressed on a wide variety of tumors as well as its upregulated expression relative to normal cells. As a result, several Trop-2-targeted therapeutics have recently been developed for clinical use, such as anti-Trop-2 antibodies and Trop-2-targeted antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Subsequently, multiple early-phase clinical trials have demonstrated safety and clinical benefit of Trop-2-based ADCs across multiple tumor types. This includes clinical benefit and tolerability in tumor types with limited treatment options, such as triple-negative breast cancer, platinum-resistant urothelial cancer, and small-cell lung cancer. In this review, we elaborate on all clinical trials involving Trop-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Zaman
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hassan Jadid
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
| | - Aaron C Denson
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
| | - Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA,
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A novel immunotoxin reveals a new role for CD321 in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181502. [PMID: 29028806 PMCID: PMC5640210 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are currently several antibody therapies that directly target tumors, and antibody-drug conjugates represent a novel moiety as next generation therapeutics. Here, we used a unique screening probe, DT3C, to identify functional antibodies that recognized surface molecules and functional epitopes, and which provided toxin delivery capability. Accordingly, we generated the 90G4 antibody, which induced DT3C-dependent cytotoxicity in endothelial cells. Molecular analysis revealed that 90G4 recognized CD321, a protein localized at tight junctions. Although CD321 plays a pivotal role in inflammation and lymphocyte trans-endothelial migration, little is known about its mechanism of action in endothelial cells. Targeting of CD321 by the 90G4 immunotoxin induced cell death. Moreover, 90G4 immunotoxin caused cytotoxicity primarily in migratory endothelial cells, but not in those forming sheets, suggesting a critical role for CD321 in tumor angiogenesis. We also found that hypoxia triggered redistribution of CD321 to a punctate localization on the basal side of cells, resulting in functional impairment of tight junctions and increased motility. Thus, our findings raise the intriguing possibility that endothelial CD321 presented cellular localization in tight junction as well as multifunctional dynamics in several conditions, leading to illuminate the importance of widely-expressed CD321 as a potential target for antitumor therapy.
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