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Gabl M, Sundqvist M, Holdfeldt A, Lind S, Mårtensson J, Christenson K, Marutani T, Dahlgren C, Mukai H, Forsman H. Mitocryptides from Human Mitochondrial DNA-Encoded Proteins Activate Neutrophil Formyl Peptide Receptors: Receptor Preference and Signaling Properties. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 200:3269-3282. [PMID: 29602776 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Phagocytic neutrophils express formyl peptide receptors (FPRs; FPR1 and FPR2) that distinctly recognize peptides starting with an N-formylated methionine (fMet). This is a hallmark of bacterial metabolism; similar to prokaryotes, the starting amino acid in synthesis of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins is an fMet. Mitochondrial cryptic peptides (mitocryptides; MCTs) with an N-terminal fMet could be identified by our innate immune system; however, in contrast to our knowledge about bacterial metabolites, very little is known about the recognition profiles of MCTs. In this study, we determined the neutrophil-recognition profiles and functional output of putative MCTs originating from the N termini of the 13 human mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins. Six of the thirteen MCTs potently activated neutrophils with distinct FPR-recognition profiles: MCTs from ND3 and ND6 have a receptor preference for FPR1; MCTs from the proteins ND4, ND5, and cytochrome b prefer FPR2; and MCT-COX1 is a dual FPR1/FPR2 agonist. MCTs derived from ND2 and ND4L are very weak neutrophil activators, whereas MCTs from ND1, ATP6, ATP8, COX2, and COX3, do not exert agonistic or antagonistic FPR effects. In addition, the activating MCTs heterologously desensitized IL-8R but primed the response to the platelet-activating factor receptor agonist. More importantly, our data suggest that MCTs have biased signaling properties in favor of activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase or recruitment of β-arrestin. In summary, we identify several novel FPR-activating peptides with sequences present in the N termini of mitochondrial DNA-encoded proteins, and our data elucidate the molecular basis of neutrophil activation by MCTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martina Sundqvist
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Andre Holdfeldt
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Simon Lind
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonas Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden; and
| | - Takayuki Marutani
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 526-0829 Nagahama, Japan
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hidehito Mukai
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, 526-0829 Nagahama, Japan
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden;
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Hattori T, Yamada T, Morikawa H, Marutani T, Tsutsumi K, Nishino K, Shimizu T, Nishi Y, Kiso Y, Mukai H. Generation of monoclonal antibodies against mitocryptide-2: toward a new strategy to investigate the biological roles of cryptides. J Pept Sci 2017; 23:610-617. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Hattori
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Takenori Yamada
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Hiroki Morikawa
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Takayuki Marutani
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Koki Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Kodai Nishino
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Shimizu
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yoshisuke Nishi
- Laboratory of Protein Engineering, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
| | - Hidehito Mukai
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science; Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology; Nagahama Shiga 526-0829 Japan
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Marutani T, Hattori T, Tsutsumi K, Koike Y, Harada A, Noguchi K, Kiso Y, Mukai H. Mitochondrial protein-derived cryptides: Are endogenous N-formylated peptides including mitocryptide-2 components of mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns? Biopolymers 2017; 106:580-7. [PMID: 26600263 DOI: 10.1002/bip.22788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recently, much attention has been paid to "nonclassical" bioactive peptides, which are fragmented peptides simultaneously produced during maturation and degradation of various functional proteins. We identified many fragmented peptides derived from various mitochondrial proteins including mitocryptide-1 and mitocryptide-2 that efficiently activate neutrophils. These endogenous, functionally active, fragmented peptides are referred to as "cryptides." Among them, mitocryptide-2 is an N-formylated cryptide cleaved from mitochondrial cytochrome b that is encoded in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). It is known that 13 proteins encoded in mtDNA are translated in mitochondria as N-formylated forms, suggesting the existence of endogenous N-formylated peptides other than mitocryptide-2. Here, we investigated the effects of N-formylated peptides presumably cleaved from mtDNA-encoded proteins other than cytochrome b on the functions of neutrophilic cells to elucidate possible regulation by endogenous N-formylated cryptides. Four N-formylated cryptides derived from cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and NADH dehydrogenase subunits 4, 5, and 6 among 12 peptides from mtDNA-encoded proteins efficiently induced not only migration but also β-hexosaminidase release, which is an indicator of neutrophilic phagocytosis, in HL-60 cells differentiated into neutrophilic cells. These activities were comparable to or higher than those induced by mitocryptide-2. Although endogenous N-formylated peptides that are contained in mitochondrial damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) have yet to be molecularly identified, they have been implicated in innate immunity. Thus, N-formylated cryptides including mitocryptide-2 are first-line candidates for the contents of mitochondrial DAMPs to promote innate immune responses. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 106: 580-587, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Marutani
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hattori
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Koki Tsutsumi
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Yusuke Koike
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Akihiko Harada
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Kosuke Noguchi
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiso
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
| | - Hidehito Mukai
- Laboratory of Peptide Science, Graduate School of Bio-Science, Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology, Nagahama, Shiga, 526-0829, Japan
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