1
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Lamandé SR, Ng ES, Cameron TL, Kung LHW, Sampurno L, Rowley L, Lilianty J, Patria YN, Stenta T, Hanssen E, Bell KM, Saxena R, Stok KS, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Bateman JF. Modeling human skeletal development using human pluripotent stem cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2211510120. [PMID: 37126720 PMCID: PMC10175848 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2211510120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes and osteoblasts differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will provide insights into skeletal development and genetic skeletal disorders and will generate cells for regenerative medicine applications. Here, we describe a method that directs iPSC-derived sclerotome to chondroprogenitors in 3D pellet culture then to articular chondrocytes or, alternatively, along the growth plate cartilage pathway to become hypertrophic chondrocytes that can transition to osteoblasts. Osteogenic organoids deposit and mineralize a collagen I extracellular matrix (ECM), mirroring in vivo endochondral bone formation. We have identified gene expression signatures at key developmental stages including chondrocyte maturation, hypertrophy, and transition to osteoblasts and show that this system can be used to model genetic cartilage and bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Elizabeth S. Ng
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Trevor L. Cameron
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Louise H. W. Kung
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lisa Sampurno
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lynn Rowley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jinia Lilianty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Yudha Nur Patria
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Child Health, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta55281, Indonesia
| | - Tayla Stenta
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Eric Hanssen
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center and Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katrina M. Bell
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Ritika Saxena
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kathryn S. Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Edouard G. Stanley
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G. Elefanty
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Medicine (reNEW), Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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2
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Zhang S, Tang J, Sun C, Zhang N, Ning X, Li X, Wang J. Dexmedetomidine attenuates hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis via reducing oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109959. [PMID: 36881980 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (DEX) affords a hepatoprotective effect during ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury (IRI); however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this work, using a rat liver IR model and a BRL-3A cell hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) model, we explored whether DEX protects the liver against IRI by decreasing oxidative stress (OS), endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), and apoptotic pathways. We found that DEX significantly increased SOD and GSH activity while decreasing ROS and MDA levels in BRL-3A cells, successfully preventing HR-induced OS damage. DEX administration reduced JNK, ERK, and P38 phosphorylation and blocked HR-induced MAPK signaling pathway activation. Additionally, DEX administration reduced the expression of GRP78, IRE1α, XBP1, TRAF2, and CHOP, which reduced HR-induced ERS. NAC prevented the MAPK pathway from being activated and inhibited the ERS pathway. Further research showed that DEX significantly reduced HR-induced apoptosis by suppressing the expression of Bax/Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3. Similarly, animal studies demonstrated DEX exerted a protective effect of the liver by alleviating histopathological injury and enhancing liver function, mechanically DEX reduced cell apoptosis in liver tissue by reducing oxidative stress and ERS. In conclusion, DEX mitigates OS and ERS during IR, thereby suppressing cell apoptosis, thus providing protection to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixia Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Jilang Tang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Chen Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Nuannuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Xiaqing Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Xueqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, PR China.
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3
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Young M, Richard D, Grabowski M, Auerbach BM, de Bakker BS, Hagoort J, Muthuirulan P, Kharkar V, Kurki HK, Betti L, Birkenstock L, Lewton KL, Capellini TD. The developmental impacts of natural selection on human pelvic morphology. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4884. [PMID: 35977020 PMCID: PMC9385149 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Evolutionary responses to selection for bipedalism and childbirth have shaped the human pelvis, a structure that differs substantially from that in apes. Morphology related to these factors is present by birth, yet the developmental-genetic mechanisms governing pelvic shape remain largely unknown. Here, we pinpoint and characterize a key gestational window when human-specific pelvic morphology becomes recognizable, as the ilium and the entire pelvis acquire traits essential for human walking and birth. We next use functional genomics to molecularly characterize chondrocytes from different pelvic subelements during this window to reveal their developmental-genetic architectures. We then find notable evidence of ancient selection and genetic constraint on regulatory sequences involved in ilium expansion and growth, findings complemented by our phenotypic analyses showing that variation in iliac traits is reduced in humans compared to African apes. Our datasets provide important resources for musculoskeletal biology and begin to elucidate developmental mechanisms that shape human-specific morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Young
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Richard
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mark Grabowski
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Benjamin M. Auerbach
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Bernadette S. de Bakker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaco Hagoort
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Vismaya Kharkar
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Helen K. Kurki
- Department of Anthropology, University of Victoria, STN CSC, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Lia Betti
- School of Life and Health Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | | | - Kristi L. Lewton
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Terence D. Capellini
- Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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4
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Bateman JF, Shoulders MD, Lamandé SR. Collagen misfolding mutations: the contribution of the unfolded protein response to the molecular pathology. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:210-227. [PMID: 35225118 PMCID: PMC8977234 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2022.2036735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in collagen genes cause a broad range of connective tissue pathologies. Structural mutations that impact procollagen assembly or triple helix formation and stability are a common and important mutation class. How misfolded procollagens engage with the cellular proteostasis machinery and whether they can elicit a cytotoxic unfolded protein response (UPR) is a topic of considerable research interest. Such interest is well justified since modulating the UPR could offer a new approach to treat collagenopathies for which there are no current disease mechanism-targeting therapies. This review scrutinizes the evidence underpinning the view that endoplasmic reticulum stress and chronic UPR activation contributes significantly to the pathophysiology of the collagenopathies. While there is strong evidence that the UPR contributes to the pathology for collagen X misfolding mutations, the evidence that misfolding mutations in other collagen types induce a canonical, cytotoxic UPR is incomplete. To gain a more comprehensive understanding about how the UPR amplifies to pathology, and thus what types of manipulations of the UPR might have therapeutic relevance, much more information is needed about how specific misfolding mutation types engage differentially with the UPR and downstream signaling responses. Most importantly, since the capacity of the proteostasis machinery to respond to collagen misfolding is likely to vary between cell types, reflecting their functional roles in collagen and extracellular matrix biosynthesis, detailed studies on the UPR should focus as much as possible on the actual target cells involved in the collagen pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- John F. Bateman
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Shireen R. Lamandé
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Australia,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Australia
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5
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Yu H, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Wen K, Yan Z, Fu H, Zhu Y. Flutamide induces uterus and ovary damage in the mouse via apoptosis and excessive autophagy of cells following triggering of the unfolded protein response. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:466-475. [PMID: 33789078 DOI: 10.1071/rd20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine exposure to flutamide not only causes abnormal development of the reproductive organs in male offspring, but also damages ovaries and uteri. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is believed to play an important role in embryo development and teratogenic processes. In the present study, pregnant mice were administered either flutamide (300mg kg-1 day-1, p.o.) on an equivalent volume of soybean oil (control) on Days 12-18 of gestation. Eight weeks after birth, female offspring in the flutamide-treated group had a lower bodyweight and lower ovarian and uterine weights, but there was no significant difference in uterine and ovarian weights normalised by bodyweight between the flutamide-treated and control groups. Furthermore, histopathological changes were observed in all uteri and ovaries in the flutamide-treated group, with fewer and less-developed follicles in the ovaries. In both the uteri and ovaries, flutamide increased the expression of UPR members, although the expression of cell cycle-related genes remained unchanged compared with the control group. Flutamide increased the expression of all autophagy- and apoptosis-related genes evaluated in the uterus, as well as some in the ovary. The results suggest that the in utero exposure of mice to flutamide may contribute to uterine and ovarian damage in the offspring, with endoplasmic reticulum stress possibly triggered by the UPR leading to the induction of excessive autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiming Yu
- Department of Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University (The People's Hospital of Hunan Province), Changsha 410002, PR China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China; and Department of Infection Control, The Eighth Hospital of Xi'An/Shanxi Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital, Xi'An 710061, PR China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Kexin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China; and Changsha Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hunan Province, Changsha 410004, PR China
| | - Zhengli Yan
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Hu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Yongfei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Medical School, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410013, PR China; and Corresponding author.
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6
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Dennis EP, Greenhalgh-Maychell PL, Briggs MD. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia and related disorders: Molecular genetics, disease mechanisms, and therapeutic avenues. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:345-359. [PMID: 32633442 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
For the vast majority of the 6000 known rare disease the pathogenic mechanisms are poorly defined and there is little treatment, leading to poor quality of life and high healthcare costs. Genetic skeletal diseases (skeletal dysplasias) are archetypal examples of rare diseases that are chronically debilitating, often life-threatening and for which no treatments are currently available. There are more than 450 unique phenotypes that, although individually rare, have an overall prevalence of at least 1 per 4000 children. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by disproportionate short stature, joint pain, and early-onset osteoarthritis. MED is caused by mutations in the genes encoding important cartilage extracellular matrix proteins, enzymes, and transporter proteins. Recently, through the use of various cell and mouse models, disease mechanisms underlying this diverse phenotypic spectrum are starting to be elucidated. For example, ER stress induced as a consequence of retained misfolded mutant proteins has emerged as a unifying disease mechanisms for several forms of MED in particular and skeletal dysplasia in general. Moreover, targeting ER stress through drug repurposing has become an attractive therapeutic avenue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella P Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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7
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Crim1 C140S mutant mice reveal the importance of cysteine 140 in the internal region 1 of CRIM1 for its physiological functions. Mamm Genome 2019; 30:329-338. [PMID: 31776724 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-019-09822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich transmembrane bone morphogenetic protein regulator 1 (CRIM1) is a type I transmembrane protein involved in the organogenesis of many tissues via its interactions with growth factors including BMP, TGF-β, and VEGF. In this study, we used whole-exome sequencing and linkage analysis to identify a novel Crim1 mutant allele generated by ENU mutagenesis in mice. This allele is a missense mutation that causes a cysteine-to-serine substitution at position 140, and is referred to as Crim1C140S. In addition to the previously reported phenotypes in Crim1 mutants, Crim1C140S homozygous mice exhibited several novel phenotypes, including dwarfism, enlarged seminal vesicles, and rectal prolapse. In vitro analyses showed that Crim1C140S mutation affected the formation of CRIM1 complexes and decreased the amount of the overexpressed CRIM1 proteins in the cell culture supernatants. Cys140 is located in the internal region 1 (IR1) of the N-terminal extracellular region of CRIM1 and resides outside any identified functional domains. Inference of the domain architecture suggested that the Crim1C140S mutation disturbs an intramolecular disulfide bond in IR1, leading to the protein instability and the functional defects of CRIM1. Crim1C140S highlights the functional importance of the IR1, and Crim1C140S mice should serve as a valuable model for investigating the functions of CRIM1 that are unidentified as yet.
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Kasamatsu A, Uzawa K, Hayashi F, Kita A, Okubo Y, Saito T, Kimura Y, Miyamoto I, Oka N, Shiiba M, Ito C, Toshimori K, Miki T, Yamauchi M, Tanzawa H. Deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase 2 in mice causes systemic endoplasmic reticulum stress leading to early embryonic lethality. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:486-491. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Lamandé SR, Bateman JF. Genetic Disorders of the Extracellular Matrix. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 303:1527-1542. [PMID: 30768852 PMCID: PMC7318566 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the genes for extracellular matrix (ECM) components cause a wide range of genetic connective tissues disorders throughout the body. The elucidation of mutations and their correlation with pathology has been instrumental in understanding the roles of many ECM components. The pathological consequences of ECM protein mutations depend on its tissue distribution, tissue function, and on the nature of the mutation. The prevalent paradigm for the molecular pathology has been that there are two global mechanisms. First, mutations that reduce the production of ECM proteins impair matrix integrity largely due to quantitative ECM defects. Second, mutations altering protein structure may reduce protein secretion but also introduce dominant negative effects in ECM formation, structure and/or stability. Recent studies show that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, caused by mutant misfolded ECM proteins, makes a significant contribution to the pathophysiology. This suggests that targeting ER‐stress may offer a new therapeutic strategy in a range of ECM disorders caused by protein misfolding mutations. Anat Rec, 2019. © 2019 The Authors. The Anatomical Record published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Anatomists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shireen R Lamandé
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
| | - John F Bateman
- Musculoskeletal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville Victoria, Australia
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10
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Li J, Zhao Y, Zhou N, Li L, Li K. Dexmedetomidine Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diabetes Mellitus by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. J Diabetes Res 2019; 2019:7869318. [PMID: 31886285 PMCID: PMC6914963 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7869318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) combined with myocardial ischemia, how to reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in DM patients has become a major problem faced by clinicians. We investigated the therapeutic effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in DM rats and its effect on endoplasmic reticulum stress. METHODS SD rats with SPF grade were randomly divided into 6 groups: non-DM rats were divided into the sham operation group (NDM-S group), ischemia-reperfusion group (NDM-IR group), and dexmedetomidine group (NDM-DEX group); DM rats were divided into the diabetic sham operation group (DM-S group), diabetes-reperfusion group (DM-IR group), and diabetes-dexmedetomidine (DM-DEX) group, with 10 rats in each group. Then the effects of DEX on the changes of CK-MB and cTnT levels were examined. The effects of myocardial pathological damage and myocardial infarct size were detected. The apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was detected. The apoptosis of heart tissue cells was also tested through the expressions of cleaved caspase-3, Bcl-2, and Bax proteins. The expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins GRP78, CHOP, ERO1α, ERO1β, and PDI was examined. The hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury cell model was established, the effects of DEX, DEX+ ERS agonist on cell apoptosis was also detected. RESULTS The myocardial damage of DM-IR was more severe than that of NDM-IR rats. DEX could reduce the expression of CK-MB and cTnT, reduce pathological damage, and reduce scar formation and improve fibrosis. DEX can reduce the expression of GRP78, CHOP, ERO1α, ERO1β, and PDI proteins in vivo and in vitro. And the effect of DEX on cell apoptosis could be blocked by ERS agonist. CONCLUSION DEX attenuates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in DM rats and H/R injury cell, which is associated with the reduction of ERS-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Creatine Kinase, MB Form/blood
- Dexmedetomidine/pharmacology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress/drug effects
- Fibrosis
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocardial Infarction/pathology
- Myocardial Infarction/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/complications
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Protein Disulfide-Isomerases/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Transcription Factor CHOP/metabolism
- Troponin T/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjie Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun Jilin 130021, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesia, The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Longyun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, No. 126, Xiantai Street, Changchun, Jilin 130033, China
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