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Liou RHC, Chen SW, Cheng HC, Wu PC, Chang YF, Wang AG, Fann MJ, Wong YH. The efficient induction of human retinal ganglion-like cells provides a platform for studying optic neuropathies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:239. [PMID: 37540379 PMCID: PMC10403410 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04890-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are essential for vision perception. In glaucoma and other optic neuropathies, RGCs and their optic axons undergo degenerative change and cell death; this can result in irreversible vision loss. Here we developed a rapid protocol for directly inducing RGC differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by the overexpression of ATOH7, BRN3B, and SOX4. The hiPSC-derived RGC-like cells (iRGCs) show robust expression of various RGC-specific markers by whole transcriptome profiling. A functional assessment was also carried out and this demonstrated that these iRGCs display stimulus-induced neuronal activity, as well as spontaneous neuronal activity. Ethambutol (EMB), an effective first-line anti-tuberculosis agent, is known to cause serious visual impairment and irreversible vision loss due to the RGC degeneration in a significant number of treated patients. Using our iRGCs, EMB was found to induce significant dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in cell death and neurite degeneration. Western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of p62 and LC3-II were upregulated, and further investigations revealed that EMB caused a blockade of lysosome-autophagosome fusion; this indicates that impairment of autophagic flux is one of the adverse effects of that EMB has on iRGCs. In addition, EMB was found to elevate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels increasing apoptotic cell death. This could be partially rescued by the co-treatment with the ROS scavenger NAC. Taken together, our findings suggest that this iRGC model, which achieves both high yield and high purity, is suitable for investigating optic neuropathies, as well as being useful when searching for potential drugs for therapeutic treatment and/or disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Hsiang-Chi Liou
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Wei Chen
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hui-Chen Cheng
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Program in Molecular Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Pei-Chun Wu
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Fen Chang
- LumiSTAR Biotechnology, Inc., Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC
| | - An-Guor Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Ji Fann
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Hui Wong
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, College of Life Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
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Irma J, Kartika A, Rini M, Setiohadji B, Salim J. A Protective Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Ethambutol-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Toxicity: A Randomised Controlled Trial in Mice. Neuroophthalmology 2022; 46:298-303. [DOI: 10.1080/01658107.2022.2047207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josiah Irma
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
- National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia
- Ophthalmology Department, Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
| | - Antonia Kartika
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
- National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Mayang Rini
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
- National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Setiohadji
- Ophthalmology Department, Medical Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia
- National Eye Center Cicendo Eye Hospital, Indonesia
| | - Jonathan Salim
- Ophthalmology Department, Siloam Hospitals Lippo Village, Tangerang, Indonesia
- Faculty of Medicine, Pelita Harapan University, Tangerang, Indonesia
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Oliveira MEFAG, Silva YJA, Azevedo LA, Linhares LA, Montenegro LML, Alves S, Amorim RVS. Antimycobacterial compound of chitosan and ethambutol: ultrastructural biological evaluation in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:9167-9179. [PMID: 34841463 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11690-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) is a promising biopolymer and has been tested as a complement to the action and compensation of toxicity presented by anti-tuberculosis drugs. The present work studied the adjuvant effect of CS with the drug ethambutol (EMB) as a compound (CS-EMB), to explore its antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity, using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), to examine ultracellular changes that represent possible antimycobacterial action of CS on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Antimycobacterial activities were tested against reference strains Mtb ATCC® H37Rv and multidrug resistant (MDR). In vitro cytotoxicity tests were performed on Raw 264.7. For the studied compounds, morphological, ultrastructural, and physical-chemical analyses were performed. Drug-polymer interactions that occur through the H bridges were confirmed by physical-chemical analyses. The CS-EMB compound is stable at pHs of 6.5-7.5, allowing its release at physiological pH. The antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration) of the CS-EMB compound was 50% greater than that of the EMB in the H37Rv and MDR strains and the ultrastructural changes in the bacilli observed by TEM proved that the CS-EMB compound has a bactericidal action, allowing it to break down the Mtb cell wall. The cytotoxicity of CS-EMB was higher than that of isolated EMB, IC50 279, and 176 μg/mL, respectively. It is concluded that CS-EMB forms a promising composite against strains Mtb H37Rv and multidrug resistant (MDR-TB).Key points• Our study will be the first to observe ultrastructurally the effects of the CS-EMB compound on Mtb cells.• CS-EMB antimicrobial activity in a multidrug-resistant clinical strain.• The CS-EMB compound has promising potential for the development of a new drug to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E F A G Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Morfotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
| | - Y J A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - L A Azevedo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Ciência de Materiais, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - L A Linhares
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM/FIOCRUZ), 50740-465, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - L M L Montenegro
- Instituto Aggeu Magalhães/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IAM/FIOCRUZ), 50740-465, Recife-PE, Brazil
| | - S Alves
- Departamento de Química Fundamental (dQF), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50740-560, Brazil
| | - R V S Amorim
- Departamento de Histologia E Embriologia (DHE-CB), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
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Villarejo-Zori B, Jiménez-Loygorri JI, Zapata-Muñoz J, Bell K, Boya P. New insights into the role of autophagy in retinal and eye diseases. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 82:101038. [PMID: 34620506 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.101038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a fundamental homeostatic pathway that mediates the degradation and recycling of intracellular components. It serves as a key quality control mechanism, especially in non-dividing cells such as neurons. Proteins, lipids, and even whole organelles are engulfed in autophagosomes and delivered to the lysosome for elimination. The retina is a light-sensitive tissue located in the back of the eye that detects and processes visual images. Vision is a highly demanding process, making the eye one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body and photoreceptors display glycolytic metabolism, even in the presence of oxygen. The retina and eye are also exposed to other stressors that can impair their function, including genetic mutations and age-associated changes. Autophagy, among other pathways, is therefore a key process for the preservation of retinal homeostasis. Here, we review the roles of both canonical and non-canonical autophagy in normal retinal function. We discuss the most recent studies investigating the participation of autophagy in eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy and its role protecting photoreceptors in several forms of retinal degeneration. Finally, we consider the therapeutic potential of strategies that target autophagy pathways to treat prevalent retinal and eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Villarejo-Zori
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Ignacio Jiménez-Loygorri
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Zapata-Muñoz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Katharina Bell
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Republic of Singapore
| | - Patricia Boya
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Margarita Salas Center for Biological Research, CSIC, Ramiro de Maetzu, 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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Huang TL, Lin YW, Wang JK. Ethambutol optic neuropathy with correspondent chiasmitis manifestation in magnetic resonance imaging. Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021; 12:343-346. [PMID: 36248082 PMCID: PMC9558461 DOI: 10.4103/tjo.tjo_27_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a case of an older patient with toxic chiasmatic optic neuropathy accompanied by bitemporal hemianopia associated with ethambutol use. The patient experienced gradual visual defect recovery that was concurrent with an improvement of chiasmal enhancement in the repeat magnetic resonance imaging performed at his 6-month follow-up. However, his visual field pattern sharply changed to left inferior homonymous quadrantanopia because of a new episode of occipital lobe infarction. After 2 years, the patient's visual function reached the best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes, although he had the sequela of homonymous quadrantanopia related to the infarction. Optical coherence tomography revealed that the loss on the macular ganglion cell–inner plexiform layer was related to retrograde transsynaptic degeneration caused by ethambutol-related chiasmopathy.
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Heaton RA, Heales S, Rahman K, Sexton DW, Hargreaves I. The Effect of Cellular Coenzyme Q 10 Deficiency on Lysosomal Acidification. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061923. [PMID: 32575494 PMCID: PMC7355799 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency currently represents the only treatable mitochondrial disorder, however, little is known about how it may affect other organelles. The lysosome has been found to have a large concentration of CoQ10 localised at its membrane; additionally, it has been suggested that it plays a role in the normal acidification of the lysosomal lumen. As a result, in this study we assessed the effect of CoQ10 deficiency on lysosomal acidification. In order to investigate this, a neuronal cell model of CoQ10 deficiency was established via the treatment of SH-SY5Y cells with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). This method works through the competitive inhibition of the CoQ10 biosynthetic pathway enzyme, CoQ2. A single 1 mM (5 days) treatment with PABA resulted in a decrease of up to 58% in cellular CoQ10 (p < 0.05). It was found that this resulted in a significant decrease in fluorescence of both the LysoSensor (23%) and LysoTracker (35%) probes used to measure lysosomal pH (p < 0.05). It was found that subsequent treatment with CoQ10 (5 µM, 3 days) was able to restore cellular CoQ10 concentration (p < 0.005), which was associated with an increase in fluorescence from both probes to around 90% of controls (p < 0.05), suggesting a restoration of lysosomal pH. This study provides insights into the association between lysosomal pH and cellular CoQ10 status and the possibility that a deficit in the status of this isoprenoid may result in an impairment of lysosomal acidification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert A. Heaton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simon Heales
- Neurometabolic Unit, National Hospital, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK;
- Enzyme Unit, Chemical Pathology, NIHR BRC Great Ormond Street Hospital, Foundation Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- NIHR BRC and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Khalid Rahman
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Darren W. Sexton
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
| | - Iain Hargreaves
- School of Pharmacy, Liverpool John Moore University, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK; (K.R.); (D.W.S.); (I.H.)
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Hirano K, Fujimaki M, Sasazawa Y, Yamaguchi A, Ishikawa KI, Miyamoto K, Souma S, Furuya N, Imamichi Y, Yamada D, Saya H, Akamatsu W, Saiki S, Hattori N. Neuroprotective effects of memantine via enhancement of autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 518:161-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Shah SQ, Ullah N. Preclinical Evaluation of 99mTc-Ethambutol, an Alternative Tuberculosis Diagnostic Tool. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362219020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Panozzo-Zénere EA, Porta EOJ, Arrizabalaga G, Fargnoli L, Khan SI, Tekwani BL, Labadie GR. A minimalistic approach to develop new anti-apicomplexa polyamines analogs. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 143:866-880. [PMID: 29223887 PMCID: PMC6209510 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The development of new chemical entities against the major diseases caused by parasites is highly desired. A library of thirty diamines analogs following a minimalist approach and supported by chemoinformatics tools have been prepared and evaluated against apicomplexan parasites. Different member of the series of N,N'-disubstituted aliphatic diamines shown in vitro activities at submicromolar concentrations and high levels of selectivity against Toxoplasma gondii and in chloroquine-sensitive and resistant-strains of Plasmodium falciparum. In order to demonstrate the importance of the secondary amines, ten N,N,N',N'-tetrasubstituted aliphatic diamines derivatives were synthesized being considerably less active than their disubstituted counterpart. Theoretical studies were performed to establish the electronic factors that govern the activity of the compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban A Panozzo-Zénere
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Exequiel O J Porta
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Arrizabalaga
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Lucía Fargnoli
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Shabana I Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research & Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research & Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, MS 38677, USA
| | - Guillermo R Labadie
- Instituto de Química Rosario (IQUIR-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK, Rosario, Argentina.
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