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Du M, Jiang H, Song M, Zhang Y, Lv H, Zhao S, Du H, Dong Z. A phenothiazine-based ratiometric fluorescence probe for the detection of hydroxylamine in real water and living cells. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024. [PMID: 38967499 DOI: 10.1039/d4ay00881b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a phenothiazine-based ratiometric fluorescent probe PCHO was developed for highly sensitive and specific detection of hydroxylamine (HA). In the presence of HA, the aldehyde group on the PCHO molecule underwent a specific nucleophilic addition with HA to form an oxime group, accompanied by significant changes in fluorescence from green to blue. This detection mechanism was well supported by 1H NMR titration, HRMS and DFT calculations. The probe PCHO exhibited high sensitivity for HA detection (LOD was 0.19 μM) with a rapid response time (1 min), high selectivity and strong anti-interference performance. Surprisingly, the probe PCHO could selectively distinguish HA from its similar competing agents such as hydrazine and amines. Moreover, paper strips loaded with PCHO were prepared and combined with a smartphone to achieve point-of-care and visual detection of HA. The probe PCHO was further applied for the detection of HA in real water samples, achieving a recovery rate of 98.90% to 104.86% and an RSD of 0.86% to 2.44%, confirming the accuracy and reliability of the method. Additionally, the probe PCHO was used for imaging analysis of HA in living cells, providing a powerful visualization tool for exploring the physiological functions of HA in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Haohua Jiang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Meimei Song
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Haijun Lv
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Shuchun Zhao
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Hongxia Du
- College of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China.
| | - Zhipeng Dong
- Hebei Lansheng Bio-Tech Co., Ltd, Shijiazhuang, 052263, China.
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Akutsu Y, Fujiwara T, Suzuki R, Nishigaya Y, Yamazaki T. Juglone, a plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone, binds to hydroxylamine oxidoreductase and inhibits the electron transfer to cytochrome c554. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0129123. [PMID: 38009977 PMCID: PMC10734522 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01291-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Nitrification, the microbial conversion of ammonia to nitrate via nitrite, plays a pivotal role in the global nitrogen cycle. However, the excessive use of ammonium-based fertilizers in agriculture has disrupted this cycle, leading to groundwater pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we have demonstrated the inhibitory effects of plant-derived juglone and related 1,4-naphthoquinones on the nitrification process in Nitrosomonas europaea. Notably, the inhibition mechanism is elucidated in which 1,4-naphthoquinones interact with hydroxylamine oxidoreductase, disrupting the electron transfer to cytochrome c554, a physiological electron acceptor. These findings support the notion that phytochemicals can impede nitrification by interfering with the essential electron transfer process in ammonia oxidation. The findings presented in this article offer valuable insights for the development of strategies aimed at the management of nitrification, reduction of fertilizer utilization, and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukie Akutsu
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takaaki Fujiwara
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Rintaro Suzuki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | - Toshimasa Yamazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Analysis, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Mizukami-Murata S, Takanashi H, Sawai A, Suzuki Y, Tsushima I, Yamashita H, Goto Y, Toda M. Characteristics of compounds with strong or weak nitrification inhibition in sewage. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1437. [PMID: 37940732 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the characteristics of compounds with strong or weak nitrification inhibition in sewage, 64 organic compounds including compounds registered in Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (PRTR) were evaluated in terms of their chemical structures and molecular weights. Nineteen compounds showed strong nitrification inhibition by testing with Nitrosomonas europaea. Compounds with thioamide structures had the lowest median value of EC50 (0.017 mg/L), followed by those with alkyne structures (0.121 mg/L), chlorophenol structures (0.300 mg/L), and then azole structures (0.365 mg/L). In contrast, 33 of the 64 compounds showed weak nitrification inhibition at a concentration of 10 mg/L, 27 of which were categorized into three main groups: long-chain alcohol structures, alkyne structures with a phenyl group, and aromatic structures. Most compounds with strong nitrification inhibition had a low molecular weight (MW) from 50 to 200. Meanwhile, the proportion of compounds with weak nitrification inhibition tended to be greater with increasing MW and such compounds were predominant at higher molecular weights above 300. The correlations of results derived from tests of nitrification inhibition based on ISO 9509 and N. europaea showed that 24 out of 30 compounds provided results that were highly correlated between these tests (R = 0.85), while 4 compounds with chlorophenol structures and 2 compounds with alkyne structures showed weaker inhibition rates in the ISO 9509 test than in the N. europaea test. Our results indicate that the magnitude of nitrification inhibition depends on MW in addition to the chemical structure, which is helpful in the search for the cause of nitrification inhibition in wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satomi Mizukami-Murata
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan.
| | - Hirokazu Takanashi
- Chemistry and Biotechnology Program, Department of Engineering, Graduate School of Science, and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sawai
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Civil Engineering, Gifu University, C-214, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tsushima
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Yamashita
- Water Quality Team, Water Environment Research Group, Public Works Research Institute, 1-6 Minamihara, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8516, Japan
| | - Yasushi Goto
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
| | - Misa Toda
- IDEA Consultants, Inc., 3-15-1 Komazawa, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 154-8585, Japan
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Chawley P, Jagadevan S. Biodegradation of quinoline by Nitrosomonas mobilis Ms1 through nitrification: A mechanistic study. Biochem Eng J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2023.108933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Ohbayashi T, Wang Y, Aoyagi LN, Hara S, Tago K, Hayatsu M. Diversity of the Hydroxylamine Oxidoreductase (HAO) Gene and Its Enzyme Active Site in Agricultural Field Soils. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME23068. [PMID: 38092410 PMCID: PMC10728637 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrification is a key process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and a major emission source of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). The periplasmic enzyme hydroxylamine oxidoreductase (HAO) is involved in the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitric oxide in the second step of nitrification, producing N2O as a byproduct. Its three-dimensional structure demonstrates that slight differences in HAO active site residues have inhibitor effects. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the diversity of HAO active site residues in soil microorganisms is important for the development of novel nitrification inhibitors using structure-guided drug design. However, this has not yet been examined. In the present study, we investigated hao gene diversity in beta-proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (β-AOB) and complete ammonia-oxidizing (comammox; Nitrospira spp.) bacteria in agricultural fields using a clone library ana-lysis. A total of 1,949 hao gene sequences revealed that hao gene diversity in β-AOB and comammox bacteria was affected by the fertilizer treatment and field type, respectively. Moreover, hao sequences showed the almost complete conservation of the six HAO active site residues in both β-AOB and comammox bacteria. The diversity of nitrifying bacteria showed similarity between hao and amoA genes. The nxrB amplicon sequence revealed the dominance of Nitrospira cluster II in tea field soils. The present study is the first to reveal hao gene diversity in agricultural soils, which will accelerate the efficient screening of HAO inhibitors and evaluations of their suppressive effects on nitrification in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Ohbayashi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yong Wang
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Luciano Nobuhiro Aoyagi
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shintaro Hara
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanako Tago
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masahito Hayatsu
- Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 305–8604, Tsukuba, Japan
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Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) perform key steps in the global nitrogen cycle, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. While the ammonia oxidation pathway is well characterized in AOB, many knowledge gaps remain about the metabolism of AOA. Hydroxylamine is an intermediate in both AOB and AOA, but homologues of hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (HAO), catalyzing bacterial hydroxylamine oxidation, are absent in AOA. Hydrazine is a substrate for bacterial HAO, while phenylhydrazine is a suicide inhibitor of HAO. Here, we examine the effect of hydrazines in AOA to gain insights into the archaeal ammonia oxidation pathway. We show that hydrazine is both a substrate and an inhibitor for AOA and that phenylhydrazine irreversibly inhibits archaeal hydroxylamine oxidation. Both hydrazine and phenylhydrazine interfered with ammonia and hydroxylamine oxidation in AOA. Furthermore, the AOA “Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus” C13 oxidized hydrazine into dinitrogen (N2), coupling this reaction to ATP production and O2 uptake. This study expands the known substrates of AOA and suggests that despite differences in enzymology, the ammonia oxidation pathways of AOB and AOA are functionally surprisingly similar. These results demonstrate that hydrazines are valuable tools for studying the archaeal ammonia oxidation pathway. IMPORTANCE Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most numerous living organisms on Earth, and they play a pivotal role in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Despite this, little is known about the physiology and metabolism of AOA. We demonstrate in this study that hydrazines are inhibitors of AOA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the model soil AOA “Ca. Nitrosocosmicus franklandus” C13 oxidizes hydrazine to dinitrogen gas, and this reaction yields ATP. This provides an important advance in our understanding of the metabolism of AOA and expands the short list of energy-yielding compounds that AOA can use. This study also provides evidence that hydrazines can be useful tools for studying the metabolism of AOA, as they have been for the bacterial ammonia oxidizers.
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Horvat M, Weilch V, Rädisch R, Hecko S, Schiefer A, Rudroff F, Wilding B, Klempier N, Pátek M, Martínková L, Winkler M. Chemoenzymatic one-pot reaction from carboxylic acid to nitrile via oxime. Catal Sci Technol 2022; 12:62-66. [PMID: 35126993 PMCID: PMC8725990 DOI: 10.1039/d1cy01694f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation. The final step to the nitrile is catalyzed by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd). Full conversions of phenylacetic acid and hexanoic acid were achieved in a two-phase mode. We report a new chemoenzymatic cascade starting with aldehyde synthesis by carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) followed by chemical in situ oxime formation and enzymatic dehydration by aldoxime dehydratase (Oxd).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Horvat
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Victoria Weilch
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Rädisch
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic .,Department of Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University Viničná 5 CZ-12844 Prague 2 Czech Republic
| | - Sebastian Hecko
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Astrid Schiefer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Florian Rudroff
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Getreidemarkt 9/OC-163 A-1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Birgit Wilding
- Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Norbert Klempier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology Stremayrgasse 9 A-8010 Graz Austria
| | - Miroslav Pátek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Martínková
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Vídeňská 1083 CZ-142 20 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology Petersgasse 14 A-8010 Graz Austria .,Acib GmbH Krenngasse 37 A-8010 Graz Austria
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Lei Z, Wang L, Wang J, Yang S, Hou Z, Wang XC, Chen R. Partial-nitritation of low-strength anaerobic effluent: A moderate-high dissolved oxygen concentration facilitates ammonia-oxidizing bacteria disinhibition and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria suppression. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145337. [PMID: 33736393 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Integrating anaerobic treatment with partial nitritation (PN)/anammox is a promising technology to achieve energy-efficient wastewater treatment, while partial nitritation of the mainstream anaerobic effluent (Aneff) was rarely reported. A PN reactor fed with low-strength Aneff was employed in this study to investigate the performance and technology bottleneck of this process. When operated at low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration (0.30-0.43 mg/L), gene coding hydroxylamine oxidation (hao) was severely suppressed by bio-refractory organics, which results in a decreased ammonia-oxidizing bacteria activity and nitrite accumulation rate. The ammonium conversion and nitrite accumulation were recovered by increasing the DO concentration to a moderate-high level (1.10 ± 0.20 mg/L) and achieved long-term stable operation. At this condition, hao showed a dramatic increase while gene encoding nitrite oxidoreductase was appropriately suppressed; the effluent NO2-/NH4+ ratio reached 1.17, and a low NO3-/NOx- ratio of 0.38 was achieved simultaneously. The findings in this study revealed the adverse effects of Aneff on PN and supported a practical operating strategy for efficient PN of Aneff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Lei
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Lianxu Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Shuming Yang
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Zhaoyang Hou
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China
| | - Rong Chen
- Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, PR China; International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No.13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, PR China.
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Dong B, Tian M, Kong X, Song W, Lu Y, Lin W. Förster Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Fluorescent Probe for the Selective Imaging of Hydroxylamine in Living Cells. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11397-11402. [PMID: 31402659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxylamine (HA) is an important product of cell metabolism and plays a significant role in many biological processes, and therefore, real-time imaging of HA is of great importance for the in-depth study of its physiological and pathological functions. However, a HA-specific fluorescent probe is currently lacking primarily because the highly selective HA-responsive site is undeveloped. To address this critical issue, we present a HA-specific FRET-based fluorescent probe (RhChr) for the selective detection of HA in living systems. Inspired by aza-Michael addition, the unsaturated system appended with an iminium ion was employed as the new HA-specific response site. In response to HA, RhChr provided a ratiometric signal output with excellent selectivity toward HA over biothiols and ammonia. We have demonstrated that RhChr could be applied for the ratiometric imaging of endogenous HA in living cells and the evaluation of xanthine oxidase (XOD) activity in living organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoli Dong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Minggang Tian
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuqi Kong
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Song
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yaru Lu
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
| | - Weiying Lin
- Institute of Fluorescent Probes for Biological Imaging, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan , Shandong 250022 , People's Republic of China
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Yang W, Wang Y, Tago K, Tokuda S, Hayatsu M. Comparison of the Effects of Phenylhydrazine Hydrochloride and Dicyandiamide on Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria and Archaea in Andosols. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:2226. [PMID: 29184545 PMCID: PMC5694480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dicyandiamide, a routinely used commercial nitrification inhibitor (NI), inhibits ammonia oxidation catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). Phenylhydrazine hydrochloride has shown considerable potential for the development of next-generation NIs targeting hydroxylamine dehydrogenase (HAO). The effects of the AMO inhibitor and the HAO inhibitor on ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) present in agricultural soils have not been compared thus far. In the present study, the effects of the two inhibitors on soil nitrification and the abundance of AOA and AOB as well as their community structure were investigated in a soil microcosm using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and pyrosequencing. The net nitrification rates and the growth of AOA and AOB in this soil microcosm were inhibited by both NIs. Both NIs had limited effect on the community structure of AOB and no effect on that of AOA in this soil microcosm. The effects of phenylhydrazine hydrochloride were similar to those of dicyandiamide. These results indicated that organohydrazine-based NIs have potential for the development of next-generation NIs targeting HAO in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kanako Tago
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Tokuda
- Western Region Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahito Hayatsu
- Division of Biogeochemical Cycles, Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
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