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Carney E, Ghasem Zadeh Moslabeh F, Kang SY, Bunnell BA, Lee MY, Habibi N. Self-assembling peptides induced by eyes absent enzyme to boost the efficacy of doxorubicin therapy in drug-resistant breast cancer cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33629. [PMID: 39071664 PMCID: PMC11283099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Enzyme-induced self-assembly (EISA) is a recently developed nanotechnology technique in which small molecules are induced by cellular enzymes self-assembling into nanostructures inside cancer cells. This technique can boost the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs by avoiding drug efflux, inhibiting the cells' DNA repair mechanisms, and targeting the mitochondria. In this work, we study the self-assembly of a short peptide and its fluorescence analogue induced by Eyes absent (EYA) tyrosine phosphatases to boost the efficacy of doxorubicin (DOX) therapy in drug-resistant types of breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. The peptides Fmoc-FF-YP and NBD-FF-YP were synthesized with the solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) method and analyzed with HPLC and MALDI-TOF. Dynamic light scattering was used to determine the size distribution of peptides exposed to the EYA enzyme in vitro. The presence of EYA enzymes in breast cancer cells was confirmed using the western blotting assay. The intracellular location of the peptide self-assembly was studied by imaging fluorescence NBD-tagged peptides. The efficacy of the peptide alone and with DOX was determined against MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 using MTT and LIVE-DEAD assays. Nucleus and cytoplasm F-actin (Phalloidin) staining was used to determine cell morphology changes in response to the combination therapy of peptides/DOX. At an optimal concentration, the peptides are not toxic to the cells; however, they boost the efficacy of DOX against drug-resistant breast cancer cells. We used state-of-the-art computer-aided techniques to predict the molecular structure of peptides and their interactions with EYA. This study demonstrates an approach for incorporating non-cytotoxic components into DOX combination therapy, thereby avoiding increased systemic burden or adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Carney
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Texas, United States
| | | | - Soo-Yeon Kang
- Bioprinting Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Texas, United States
| | - Bruce A. Bunnell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, United States
| | - Moo-Yeal Lee
- Bioprinting Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Texas, United States
| | - Neda Habibi
- Nanomedicine Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Texas, Texas, United States
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2
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Walweel N, Aydin O. Enhancing Therapeutic Efficacy in Cancer Treatment: Integrating Nanomedicine with Autophagy Inhibition Strategies. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:27832-27852. [PMID: 38973850 PMCID: PMC11223161 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The complicated stepwise lysosomal degradation process known as autophagy is in charge of destroying and eliminating damaged organelles and defective cytoplasmic components. This mechanism promotes metabolic adaptability and nutrition recycling. Autophagy functions as a quality control mechanism in cells that support homeostasis and redox balance under normal circumstances. However, the role of autophagy in cancer is controversial because, mostly depending on the stage of the tumor, it may either suppress or support the disease. While autophagy delays the onset of tumors and slows the dissemination of cancer in the early stages of tumorigenesis, numerous studies demonstrate that autophagy promotes the development and spread of tumors as well as the evolution and development of resistance to several anticancer drugs in advanced cancer stages. In this Review, we primarily emphasize the therapeutic role of autophagy inhibition in improving the treatment of multiple cancers and give a broad overview of how its inhibition modulates cancer responses. There have been various attempts to inhibit autophagy, including the use of autophagy inhibitor drugs, gene silencing therapy (RNA interference), and nanoparticles. In this Review, all these topics are thoroughly covered and illustrated by recent studies and field investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Walweel
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
| | - Omer Aydin
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- NanoThera
Lab, ERFARMA-Drug Application and Research Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey
- ERNAM-Nanotechnology
Research and Application Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38039, Turkey
- ERKAM-Clinical-Engineering
Research and Implementation Center, Erciyes
University, Kayseri 38030, Turkey
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3
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Lee CJ, Lee H, Kim SR, Nam SB, Lee GE, Yang KE, Lee GJ, Chun SH, Kang HC, Lee JY, Lee HS, Cho SJ, Cho YY. ELK3 destabilization by speckle-type POZ protein suppresses prostate cancer progression and docetaxel resistance. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:274. [PMID: 38632244 PMCID: PMC11024157 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence demonstrates that the activity regulation of ELK3, a member of the E26 transformation-specific oncogene family, is critical to regulating cell proliferation, migration, and survival in human cancers. However, the molecular mechanisms of how ELK3 induces chemoresistance in prostate cancer (PCa) have not been elucidated. In this study, we found that SPOP and ELK3 are an interacting partner. The interaction between SPOP and ELK3 resulted in increased ELK3 ubiquitination and destruction, assisted by checkpoint kinase-mediated ELK3 phosphorylation. Notably, the modulation of SPOP-mediated ELK3 protein stability affected the c-Fos-induced cell proliferation and invasion of PCa cells. The clinical involvement of the SPOP-ELK3 axis in PCa development was confirmed by an immunohistochemical assay on 123 PCa tissues, with an inverse correlation between increased ELK3 and decreased SPOP being present in ~80% of the specimens. This observation was supported by immunohistochemistry analysis using a SPOP-mutant PCa specimen. Finally, docetaxel treatment induced cell death by activating checkpoint kinase- and SPOP-mediated ELK3 degradation, while SPOP-depleted or SPOP-mutated PCa cells showed cell death resistance. Notably, this observation was correlated with the protein levels of ELK3. Taken together, our study reveals the precise mechanism of SPOP-mediated degradation of ELK3 and provides evidence that SPOP mutations contribute to docetaxel resistance in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Jung Lee
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
- Biopharmaceutical research center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 162, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Heejung Lee
- Department of Hospital Pathology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Ree Kim
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Bin Nam
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
- Biopharmaceutical research center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 162, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Ga-Eun Lee
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
| | - Kyeong Eun Yang
- Biopharmaceutical research center, Ochang Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 162, Cheongju, 28119, Korea
| | - Guk Jin Lee
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Chun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Chang Kang
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
- RCD Control·Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Young Lee
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
- RCD Control·Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Lee
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea
- RCD Control·Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Cho
- University of Minnesota Department of Medicine, 420, Delaware St., SE, Minneapolis, MN, MN55455, USA
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- BK21-4th Team, College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Korea.
- RCD Control·Material Research Institute, The Catholic University of Korea, 43, Jibong-ro, Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea.
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Sun M, Li Z, Wang X, Zhao M, Chu Y, Zhang Z, Fang K, Zhao Z, Feng A, Leng Z, Shi J, Zhang L, Chen T, Xu M. TAOK3 Facilitates Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression and Cisplatin Resistance Through Augmenting Autophagy Mediated by IRGM. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300864. [PMID: 37705061 PMCID: PMC10582451 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the deadliest cancers because of its robust aggressive phenotype and chemoresistance. TAO kinase belongs to mitogen-activated protein kinases, which mediate drug resistance in multiple cancers. However, the role of TAO kinase in ESCC progression and chemoresistance has never been explored. Here, it is reported that TAOK3 augments cell autophagy and further promotes ESCC progression and chemoresistance. Mechanistically, TAOK3 phosphorylates KMT2C at S4588 and strengthens the interaction between KMT2C and ETV5. Consequently, the nuclear translocation of KMT2C is increased, and the transcription of autophagy-relevant gene IRGM is further upregulated. Additionally, the inhibitor SBI-581 can significantly suppress cell autophagy mediated by TAOK3 and synergizes with cisplatin to treat ESCC in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuang Sun
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Shanghai East HospitalJinzhou Medical UniversityLiaoning121001China
| | - Yuan Chu
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zehua Zhang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Kang Fang
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Ziying Zhao
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Anqi Feng
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Zhuyun Leng
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Jianing Shi
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of PathologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Tao Chen
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
| | - Meidong Xu
- Endoscopy CenterDepartment of GastroenterologyShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai200120China
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5
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Al-Hawary SIS, Pallathadka H, Hjazi A, Zhumanov ZE, Alazbjee AAA, Imad S, Alsalamy A, Hussien BM, Jaafer NS, Mahmoudi R. ETS transcription factor ELK3 in human cancers: An emerging therapeutic target. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154728. [PMID: 37542863 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a genetic and complex disorder, resulting from several events associated with onset, development, and metastasis. Tumor suppressors and oncogenes are among the main regulators of tumor progression, contributing to various cancer-related behaviors like cell proliferation, invasion, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cell cycle, and apoptosis. Transcription factors (TFs) could act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer progression. E-twenty-six/E26 (ETS) family of TFs have a winged helix-turn-helix (HLH) motif, which interacted with specific DNA regions with high levels of purines and GGA core. ETS proteins act as transcriptional repressors or activators to modulate the expression of target genes. ETS transcription factor ELK3 (ELK3), as a type of ETS protein, was shown to enhance in various cancers, suggesting that it may have an oncogenic role. These studies indicated that ELK3 promoted invasion, migration, cell cycle, proliferation, and EMT, and suppressed cell apoptosis. In addition, these studies demonstrated that ELK3 could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in human cancer. Moreover, accumulating data proved that ELK3 could be a novel chemoresistance mediator in human cancer. Here, we aimed to explore the overall change of ELK3 and its underlying molecular mechanism in human cancers. Moreover, we aimed to investigate the potential role of ELK3 as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker as well as its capability as a chemoresistance mediator in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Hjazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziyadulla Eshmamatovich Zhumanov
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, With a Section-biopsy Course, Samarkand State Medical Institute, Amir Temur Street 18, Samarkand, Uzbekistan; Department of Scientific Affairs, Tashkent State Dental Institute, Makhtumkuli Street 103, Tashkent 100047, Uzbekistan
| | | | - Shad Imad
- Medical Technical College, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Technical Engineering, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna 66002, Iraq
| | - Beneen M Hussien
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Noor Sadiq Jaafer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Reza Mahmoudi
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Park JD, Jang HJ, Choi SH, Jo GH, Choi JH, Hwang S, Park W, Park KS. The ELK3-DRP1 axis determines the chemosensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer cells to CDDP by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:237. [PMID: 37422450 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01536-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer. TNBC patients have higher rates of metastasis and restricted therapy options. Although chemotherapy is the conventional treatment for TNBC, the frequent occurrence of chemoresistance significantly lowers the efficacy of treatment. Here, we demonstrated that ELK3, an oncogenic transcriptional repressor that is highly expressed in TNBC, determined the chemosensitivity of two representative TNBC cell lines (MDA-MB231 and Hs578T) to cisplatin (CDDP) by regulating mitochondrial dynamics. We observed that the knockdown of ELK3 in MDA-MB231 and Hs578T rendered these cell lines more susceptible to the effects of CDDP. We further demonstrated that the chemosensitivity of TNBC cells was caused by the CDDP-mediated acceleration of mitochondrial fission, excessive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and subsequent DNA damage. In addition, we identified DNM1L, a gene encoding the dynamin-related protein 1 (a major regulator of mitochondrial fission), as a direct downstream target of ELK3. Based on these results, we propose that the suppression of ELK3 expression could be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for overcoming the chemoresistance or inducing the chemosensitivity of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Dong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Gae Hoon Jo
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyun Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooram Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Mei Y, Chen D, He S, Ye J, Luo M, Wu Q, Huang Y. Transcription Factor ELK3 Promotes Stemness and Oxaliplatin Resistance of Glioma Cells by Regulating RNASEH2A. Horm Metab Res 2023; 55:149-155. [PMID: 36638810 DOI: 10.1055/a-1981-3328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxaliplatin is a member of the platinum group that is often used to treat glioma, a common type of malignant brain tumor, though it does not come with desirable and notable effects. This study attempted to investigate how ELK3 impacts the oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells and its molecular mechanism. Bioinformatics analysis was employed to screen mRNAs with differential expression in glioma cells and predict the possible regulator downstream. We used qRT-PCR to detect the expression of ELK3 and RNASEH2A. Dual-luciferase and ChIP assays were adopted to reassure the regulatory relationship between the two. We also evaluated cell viability and sphere formation efficiency through CCK-8 and sphere formation assay and calculated the IC50 value by using CCK-8 assay. The expression of stemness-related proteins (ALDH1 and Nanog) was assessed through western blot. Glioma cells and tissues presented a significantly high expression of ELK3, the knock-down of which would reduce the cell viability, stemness and oxaliplatin resistance dramatically. Bioinformatics analysis predicted RNASEH2A to be the downstream regulator of ELK3. RNASEH2A was remarkably upregulated in glioma tissue and cells. The results from dual luciferase assay and ChIP experiment verified the binding relationship between RNASEH2A promoter region and ELK3. Then through rescue experiments, we confirmed that overexpression of RNASEH2A could compensate for the inhibition of glioma cell progression resulting from the knock-down of ELK3. ELK3 could promote stemness and oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells by upregulating RNASEH2A, indicating that targeting ELK3/RNASEH2A axis may be a possible solution to overcome oxaliplatin resistance of glioma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Mei
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Duoning Chen
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Shike He
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Jinping Ye
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Qiangjun Wu
- Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Pathology, Zhejiang Lishui Central Hospital, Lishui, China
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Fan B, Zhang Q, Wang N, Wang G. LncRNAs, the Molecules Involved in Communications With Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2022; 12:811374. [PMID: 35155247 PMCID: PMC8829571 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.811374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer stem cells (CRCSCs) can actively self-renew, as well as having multidirectional differentiation and tumor regeneration abilities. Because the high functional activities of CRCSCs are associated with low cure rates in patients with colorectal cancer, efforts have sought to determine the function and regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs. To date, however, the potential regulatory mechanisms of CRCSCs remain incompletely understood. Many non-coding genes are involved in tumor invasion and spread through their regulation of CRCSCs, with long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) being important non-coding RNAs. LncRNAs may be involved in the colorectal cancer development and drug resistance through their regulation of CRCSCs. This review systematically evaluates the latest research on the ability of lncRNAs to regulate CRCSC signaling pathways and the involvement of these lncRNAs in colorectal cancer promotion and suppression. The regulatory network of lncRNAs in the CRCSC signaling pathway has been determined. Further analysis of the potential clinical applications of lncRNAs as novel clinical diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer may provide new ideas and protocols for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Fan
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pharmacology (State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guiyu Wang
- Department of Colorectal Cancer Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Yang Q, Sun K, Xia W, Li Y, Zhong M, Lei K. Autophagy-related prognostic signature for survival prediction of triple negative breast cancer. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12878. [PMID: 35186475 PMCID: PMC8840057 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of cancer with few available treatment methods. The aim of the current study was to provide a prognostic autophagy-related gene (ARG) model to predict the outcomes for TNBC patients using bioinformatic analysis. METHODS mRNA expression data and its clinical information for TNBC samples obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Metabric databases were extracted for bioinformatic analysis. Differentially expressed autophagy genes were identified using the Wilcoxon rank sum test in R software. ARGs were downloaded from the Human Autophagy Database. The Kaplan-Meier plotter was employed to determine the prognostic significance of the ARGs. The sample splitting method and Cox regression analysis were employed to establish the risk model and to demonstrate the association between the ARGs and the survival duration. The corresponding ARG-transcription factor interaction network was visualized using the Cytoscape software. RESULTS A signature-based risk score model was established for eight genes (ITGA3, HSPA8, CTSD, ATG12, CLN3, ATG7, MAP1LC3C, and WIPI1) using the TCGA data and the model was validated with the GSE38959 and Metabric datasets, respectively. Patients with high risk scores had worse survival outcomes than those with low risk scores. Of note, amplification of ATG12 and reduction of WIPI were confirmed to be significantly correlated with the clinical stage of TNBC. CONCLUSION An eight-gene autophagic signature model was developed in this study to predict the survival risk for TNBC. The genes identified in the study may favor the design of target agents for autophagy control in advanced TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kewang Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Miaochun Zhong
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kefeng Lei
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Division of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, People’s Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China,Department of General Surgery, The 7th Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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10
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Liu P, Zhang J, Wang Y, Shen Z, Wang C, Chen DQ, Qiu X. The Active Compounds and Therapeutic Target of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. in Attenuating Proteinuria in Diabetic Nephropathy: A Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:747922. [PMID: 34621768 PMCID: PMC8490618 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.747922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. (TWHF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine and widely used to treat diabetic kidney disease in China. Emerging evidences have revealed its ability to attenuate diabetic nephropathy (DN). Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycosides (TWPs), triptolide (TP), and celastrol are predominantly active compounds isolated from TWHF. The effects and molecular mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds have been investigated in recent years. Currently, it is becoming clearer that the effects of TWHF and its active compounds involve in anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, anti-fibrosis, regulating autophagy, apoptosis, and protecting podocytes effect. This review presents an overview of the current findings related to the effects and mechanisms of TWHF and its active compounds in therapies of DN, thus providing a systematic understanding of the mechanisms and therapeutic targets by which TWHF and its active compounds affect cells and tissues in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Plant Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengri Shen
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinping Qiu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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周 立, 吴 忧, 辛 林. [Expression characteristics and functional analysis of ELK3 in gastric cancer]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:1287-1295. [PMID: 34658341 PMCID: PMC8526318 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.09.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression characteristics of ELK3 and its role in the occurrence, progression and prognosis of gastric cancer. METHODS We analyzed the expression characteristics of ELK3 in gastric cancer based on E-MTAB-6693 dataset and explored the prognostic value of ELK3 using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Chip-Atlas, ChipBase, Genes Transcription Regulation Database, and hTFtarget were used for predicting the target genes of ELK3 and constructing the transcription regulation network. Functional enrichment analysis of the target genes was performed using R software. The proportions of infiltrating immune cells in gastric cancer were analyzed using Cibersort tool, and the Pearson coefficients between ELK3 and these cells were calculated. The expression profile of ELK3 was verified based on Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis and Human Protein Atlas databases. We also collected 5 pairs of gastric cancer and adjacent tissue samples and detected the expression of ELK3 at both the mRNA and protein levels using RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS In public datasets and clinical samples, ELK3 was highly expressed in gastric cancer (P < 0.05), and its expression increased with the progression of M stage, AJCC stage, and perineural invasion (P < 0.05). ELK3 expression was correlated with N stage, AJCC stage, Lauren classification, differentiation, pathological classification, and microsatellite status of gastric cancer (P < 0.05). A high expression of ELK3 was associated with significantly reduced overall survival and disease-free survival of the patients, and served as an independent prognostic factor of gastric cancer (P < 0.05). Comprehensive analysis identified 176 potential target genes of ELK3, and enrichment analysis showed that ELK3 may regulate Rap1, AMPK, chemokines, VEGF, TNF, and tumor PD-L1/PD-1 signaling (PP < 0.05). The expression of ELK3 was negatively correlated with regulatory T cells, follicular helper T cells, and CD8+T cells in gastric cancer (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION ELK3 acts as an oncogene in gastric cancer, and its high expression may promote the occurrence, progression and immune escape of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- 立强 周
- />南昌大学第二附属医院胃肠外科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 忧 吴
- />南昌大学第二附属医院胃肠外科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - 林 辛
- />南昌大学第二附属医院胃肠外科,江西 南昌 330006Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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12
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Wen N, Lv Q, Du ZG. MicroRNAs involved in drug resistance of breast cancer by regulating autophagy. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021; 21:690-702. [PMID: 32893526 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process characterized by degradation and recycling of cytosolic components or organelles through a lysosome-dependent pathway. It has a complex and close relationship to drug resistance in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding molecules that can influence numerous cellular processes including autophagy, through the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Autophagy is regulated by many proteins and pathways, some of which in turn have been found to be regulated by miRNAs. These miRNAs may affect the drug resistance of breast cancer. Drug resistance is the main cause of distant recurrence, metastasis and death in breast cancer patients. In this review, we summarize the causative relationship between autophagy and drug resistance of breast cancer. The roles of autophagy-related proteins and pathways and their associated miRNAs in drug resistance of breast cancer are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wen
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zheng-Gui Du
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Zhou L, Chen Z, Wu Y, Lu H, Xin L. Prognostic signature composed of transcription factors accurately predicts the prognosis of gastric cancer patients. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:357. [PMID: 34233659 PMCID: PMC8261954 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors (TFs) are involved in important molecular biological processes of tumor cells and play an essential role in the occurrence and development of gastric cancer (GC). METHODS Combined The Cancer Genome Atlas Program and Genotype-Tissue Expression database to extract the expression of TFs in GC, analyzed the differences, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to extract TFs related to GC. The cohort including the training and validation cohort. Univariate Cox, least absolute contraction and selection operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate Cox analysis was used for screening hub TFs to construct the prognostic signature in the training cohort. The Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was drawn to evaluate the predictive ability of the prognostic signature. A nomogram combining clinical information and prognostic signatures of TFs was constructed and its prediction accuracy was evaluated through various methods. The target genes of the hub TFs was predicted and enrichment analysis was performed to understand its molecular biological mechanism. Clinical samples and public data of GC was collected to verify its expression and prognosis. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine and Acridine Orange/Ethidium Bromide staining, flow cytometry and Western-Blot detection were used to analyze the effects of hub-TF ELK3 on the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer in vitro. RESULTS A total of 511 misaligned TFs were obtained and 200 GC-related TFs were exposed from them. After systematic analysis, a prognostic signature composed of 4 TFs (ZNF300, ELK3, SP6, MEF2B) were constructed. The KM and ROC curves demonstrated the good predictive ability in training, verification, and complete cohort. The areas under the ROC curve are respectively 0.737, 0.705, 0.700. The calibration chart verified that the predictive ability of the nomogram constructed by combining the prognostic signature of TFs and clinical information was accurate, with a C-index of 0.714. Enriching the target genes of hub TFs showed that it plays an vital role in tumor progression, and its expression and prognostic verification were consistent with the previous analysis. Among them, ELK3 was proved in vitro, and downregulation of its expression inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells, induced proliferation, and exerted anti-tumor effects. CONCLUSIONS The 4-TFs prognostic signature accurately predicted the overall survival of GC, and ELK3 may be potential therapeutic targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhiqing Chen
- Molecular Medicine Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - You Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, China.
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Chadar R, Kesharwani P. Nanotechnology-based siRNA delivery strategies for treatment of triple negative breast cancer. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120835. [PMID: 34197908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by absence of estrogen (ER) receptor, progesterone (PR) receptor, and human epidermal growth factor-2 (HER-2) receptor. TNBC is an aggressive disease that develops early Chemoresistance. The major pitfall associated is its poor prognosis, low overall survival, high relapse, and mortality as compared to other types of breast cancer. Chemotherapy could be helpful but do not contribute to an increase in survival of patient. To overcome such obstacles, in our article we explored advanced therapy using genes and nanocarrier along with its conjugation to achieve high therapeutic profile with reduced side effect. siRNAs are one of the class of RNA associated with gene silencing. They also regulate the expression of certain proteins that are involved in development of tumor cells. But they are highly unstable. So, for efficient delivery of siRNA, very intelligent, efficient delivery systems are required. Several nanotechnologies based non-viral vectors such as liposome, micelles, nanoparticles, dendrimers, exosomes, nanorods and nanobubbles etc. offers enormous unique properties such as nanometric size range, targeting potential with the capability to link with several targeting moieties for the gene delivery. These non-viral vectors are much safer, effective and efficient system for the delivery of genes along with chemotherapeutics. This review provides an overview of TNBC, conventional and advanced treatment approach of TNBC along with understanding of current status of several nanocarriers used for the delivery of siRNA for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Chadar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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Niklaus NJ, Tokarchuk I, Zbinden M, Schläfli AM, Maycotte P, Tschan MP. The Multifaceted Functions of Autophagy in Breast Cancer Development and Treatment. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061447. [PMID: 34207792 PMCID: PMC8229352 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy (herein referred to as autophagy) is a complex catabolic process characterized by the formation of double-membrane vesicles called autophagosomes. During this process, autophagosomes engulf and deliver their intracellular content to lysosomes, where they are degraded by hydrolytic enzymes. Thereby, autophagy provides energy and building blocks to maintain cellular homeostasis and represents a dynamic recycling mechanism. Importantly, the clearance of damaged organelles and aggregated molecules by autophagy in normal cells contributes to cancer prevention. Therefore, the dysfunction of autophagy has a major impact on the cell fate and can contribute to tumorigenesis. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and has the highest mortality rate among all cancers in women worldwide. Breast cancer patients often have a good short-term prognosis, but long-term survivors often experience aggressive recurrence. This phenomenon might be explained by the high heterogeneity of breast cancer tumors rendering mammary tumors difficult to target. This review focuses on the mechanisms of autophagy during breast carcinogenesis and sheds light on the role of autophagy in the traits of aggressive breast cancer cells such as migration, invasion, and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J. Niklaus
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Igor Tokarchuk
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mara Zbinden
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Anna M. Schläfli
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Puebla 74360, Mexico;
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland; (N.J.N.); (I.T.); (M.Z.); (A.M.S.)
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-632-87-80
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Xu T, Zhang J, Yang C, Pluta R, Wang G, Ye T, Ouyang L. Identification and optimization of 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide derivatives as mTOR inhibitors that induce autophagic cell death and apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113424. [PMID: 33862514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a worse prognosis than other types of breast cancer due to its special biological behavior and clinicopathological characteristics. TNBC cell proliferation and progression to metastasis can be suppressed by inducing cytostatic autophagy. mTOR is closely related to autophagy and is involved in protein synthesis, nutrient metabolism and activating mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. In this paper, we adopted the strategy of structure simplification, aimed to look for novel small-molecule inhibitors of mTOR by pharmacophore-based virtual screening and biological activity determination. We found a lead compound with 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide for rational drug design and structural modification, then studied its structure-activity relationship. After that, compound 7c with the best TNBC cells inhibitory activities and superior mTOR enzyme inhibitory activity was obtained. In addition, we found that compound 7c could induce autophagic cell death and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cell lines. In conclusion, these findings provide new clues for our 3-bromo-N'-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)-4-methylbenzohydrazide derivatives, which are expected to become drug candidates for the treatment of TNBC in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chengcan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ryszard Pluta
- Laboratory of Ischemic and Neurodegenerative Brain Research, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Tinghong Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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17
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Chen Z, Cheng LQ. Eupafolin induces autophagy and apoptosis in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:241-246. [PMID: 33793811 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eupafolin, an extract from Artemisia princeps, possesses multiple pharmacological activities. However, the effect of eupafolin on B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas is currently unknown. In this study, we report that eupafolin shows anticancer activity against B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas cell line, OCI-LY-3. METHODS A CCK-8 assay was used to detect the proliferation inhibition of OCI-LY-3 cells treated with additional concentrations of eupafolin. Flow cytometric analysis method of the cell apoptosis was detected after cells stained with Annexin-V-FITC/PI according to the manufacturer's instructions. The proteins in the cell were detected by western blot after treatment with eupafolin. KEY FINDINGS Eupafolin induced apoptosis in this cell line evidenced by the caspases activation, cleavage of PARP and downregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. Eupafolin-induced autophagy was verified by accumulation of LC3-II and beclin-1. Eupafolin induced autophagy promoting apoptosis by the treatment of eupafolin combined with autophagy inhibitors 3-methyladenine and bafilomycin A1, respectively. Moreover, we disclose that the expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR,p-P70S6K and p-4EBP1 decrease in the Akt/mTOR signalling pathway, and the expression levels of proteins in the NF-ΚB signalling pathway, such as p-p65, p-IκBα, is downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Together, these results provide crucial evidences explaining the antitumour activity of eupafolin in human NHL cell line, OCI-LY-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zui Chen
- Clinical Laboratory, Zhumadian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhumadian, China
| | - Long Qiu Cheng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Diniz WJS, Crouse MS, Cushman RA, McLean KJ, Caton JS, Dahlen CR, Reynolds LP, Ward AK. Cerebrum, liver, and muscle regulatory networks uncover maternal nutrition effects in developmental programming of beef cattle during early pregnancy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2771. [PMID: 33531552 PMCID: PMC7854659 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular basis underlying fetal programming in response to maternal nutrition remains unclear. Herein, we investigated the regulatory relationships between genes in fetal cerebrum, liver, and muscle tissues to shed light on the putative mechanisms that underlie the effects of early maternal nutrient restriction on bovine developmental programming. To this end, cerebrum, liver, and muscle gene expression were measured with RNA-Seq in 14 fetuses collected on day 50 of gestation from dams fed a diet initiated at breeding to either achieve 60% (RES, n = 7) or 100% (CON, n = 7) of energy requirements. To build a tissue-to-tissue gene network, we prioritized tissue-specific genes, transcription factors, and differentially expressed genes. Furthermore, we built condition-specific networks to identify differentially co-expressed or connected genes. Nutrient restriction led to differential tissue regulation between the treatments. Myogenic factors differentially regulated by ZBTB33 and ZNF131 may negatively affect myogenesis. Additionally, nutrient-sensing pathways, such as mTOR and PI3K/Akt, were affected by gene expression changes in response to nutrient restriction. By unveiling the network properties, we identified major regulators driving gene expression. However, further research is still needed to determine the impact of early maternal nutrition and strategic supplementation on pre- and post-natal performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J. S. Diniz
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Matthew S. Crouse
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE USA
| | - Robert A. Cushman
- grid.463419.d0000 0001 0946 3608USDA, ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE USA
| | - Kyle J. McLean
- grid.411461.70000 0001 2315 1184Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN USA
| | - Joel S. Caton
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Carl R. Dahlen
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Lawrence P. Reynolds
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
| | - Alison K. Ward
- grid.261055.50000 0001 2293 4611Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND USA
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Proteoglycans in the Pathogenesis of Hormone-Dependent Cancers: Mediators and Effectors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092401. [PMID: 32847060 PMCID: PMC7563227 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent cancers exhibit high morbidity and mortality. In spite of advances in therapy, the treatment of hormone-dependent cancers remains an unmet health need. The tumor microenvironment (TME) exhibits unique characteristics that differ among various tumor types. It is composed of cancerous, non-cancerous, stromal, and immune cells that are surrounded and supported by components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Therefore, the interactions among cancer cells, stromal cells, and components of the ECM determine cancer progression and response to therapy. Proteoglycans (PGs), hybrid molecules consisting of a protein core to which sulfated glycosaminoglycan chains are bound, are significant components of the ECM that are implicated in all phases of tumorigenesis. These molecules, secreted by both the stroma and cancer cells, are crucial signaling mediators that modulate the vital cellular pathways implicated in gene expression, phenotypic versatility, and response to therapy in specific tumor types. A plethora of deregulated signaling pathways contributes to the growth, dissemination, and angiogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Specific inputs from the endocrine and immune systems are some of the characteristics of hormone-dependent cancer pathogenesis. Importantly, the mechanisms involved in various aspects of cancer progression are executed in the ECM niche of the TME, and the PG components crucially mediate these processes. Here, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which PGs affect the multifaceted aspects of hormone-dependent cancer development and progression, including cancer metastasis, angiogenesis, immunobiology, autophagy, and response to therapy.
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Silencing of ELK3 Induces S-M Phase Arrest and Apoptosis and Upregulates SERPINE1 Expression Reducing Migration in Prostate Cancer Cells. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2406159. [PMID: 32104682 PMCID: PMC7040388 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2406159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ELK3, an ETS domain-containing transcription factor, participates in various physiological and pathological processes including cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and malignant progression. However, the role of ELK3 in prostate cancer cells and its mechanism are not fully understood. The contribution of ELK3 to prostate cancer progression was investigated in the present study. We showed that silencing of ELK3 by siRNA in prostate cancer cell DU145 induced S-M phase arrest, promoted apoptosis, inhibited cell proliferation and migration in vitro, and suppressed xenograft growth in mice in vivo. In accordance with its ability to arrest cells in S-M phase, the expression of cyclin A and cyclin B was downregulated. In addition, the expression of p53 was upregulated following ELK3 knockdown, while that of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 was decreased. The migration inhibition may partly due to upregulation of SERPINE1 (a serine protease inhibitor) followed ELK3 knockdown. Consistently, downregulation of SERPINE1 resulted in a modest elimination of migration inhibition resulted from ELK3 knockdown. Furthermore, we found that the AKT signaling was activated in ELK3 knockdown cells, and treatment these cells with AKT inhibitor attenuated SERPINE1 expression induced by ELK3 silencing, suggesting that activation of AKT pathway may be one of the reasons for upregulation of SERPINE1 after ELK3 knockdown. In conclusion, modulation of ELK3 expression may control the progression of prostate cancer partly by regulating cell growth, apoptosis, and migration.
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21
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Elia LP, Reisine T, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Approaches to develop therapeutics to treat frontotemporal dementia. Neuropharmacology 2020; 166:107948. [PMID: 31962288 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.107948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) is a complex disease presenting as a spectrum of clinical disorders with progressive degeneration of frontal and temporal brain cortices and extensive neuroinflammation that result in personality and behavior changes, and eventually, death. There are currently no effective therapies for FTD. While 60-70% of FTD patients are sporadic cases, the other 30-40% are heritable (familial) cases linked to mutations in several known genes. We focus here on FTD caused by mutations in the GRN gene, which encodes a secreted protein, progranulin (PGRN), that has diverse roles in regulating cell survival, immune responses, and autophagy and lysosome function in the brain. FTD-linked mutations in GRN reduce brain PGRN levels that lead to autophagy and lysosome dysfunction, TDP43 accumulation, excessive microglial activation, astrogliosis, and neuron death through still poorly understood mechanisms. PGRN insufficiency has also been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and so the development of therapeutics for GRN-linked FTD that restore PGRN levels and function may have broader application for other neurodegenerative diseases. This review focuses on a strategy to increase PGRN to functional, healthy levels in the brain by identifying novel genetic and chemical modulators of neuronal PGRN levels. This article is part of the special issue entitled 'The Quest for Disease-Modifying Therapies for Neurodegenerative Disorders'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Terry Reisine
- Independent Scientific Consultant, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
| | - Amela Alijagic
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, CA, USA; The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Xu Z, Han X, Ou D, Liu T, Li Z, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhang J. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy for tumor therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:575-587. [PMID: 31832711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and participates in a variety of cellular biological activities. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as a critical regulator of autophagy, is involved in the initiation and promotion of a series of pathological disorders including various tumors. Autophagy also participates in regulating the balance between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment. Natural products have been considered a treasure of new drug discoveries and are of great value to medicine. Mounting evidence has suggested that numerous natural products are targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, autophagy plays a "double-edged sword" role in different tumors. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy is an important therapeutic strategy for a variety of tumors, and plays important roles in enhancing the chemosensitivity of tumor cells and avoiding drug resistance. Therefore, we summarized the roles of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of tumors, which may be utilized to design preferably therapeutic strategies for various tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenru Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daming Ou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zunxiong Li
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
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Dou JW, Shang RG, Lei XQ, Li KL, Guo ZZ, Ye K, Yang XJ, Li YW, Zhou YY, Yao J, Huang Q. Total saponins of Bolbostemma paniculatum (maxim.) Franquet exert antitumor activity against MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:304. [PMID: 31703679 PMCID: PMC6842232 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2708-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of the Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim.) Franquet (BP) active compound, BP total saponins (BPTS), on MDA-MB-231 cells, and investigate the underlying mechanism regarding BPTS-mediated attenuation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. METHODS The effect of BPTS on cytotoxicity, induction of apoptosis and migration on MDA-MB-231 cells at three different concentrations was investigated. A CCK-8 assay, wound-healing assay and flow cytometry were used to demonstrate the effects of BPTS. Additionally, expression of the primary members of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was assessed using western blotting. To verify the underlying mechanisms, a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor were used. RESULTS BPTS inhibited proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells with an IC50 value of 10 μg/mL at 48 h. BPTS inhibited migration of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the western blot results demonstrated that BPTS reduced p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. Additionally, the results were confirmed using a PI3K inhibitor and an mTOR inhibitor. BPTS decreased proliferation and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells possibly through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the therapeutic potential of BPTS for treating patients with triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wei Dou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Guo Shang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kang-Le Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of "Qiyao" Resources And Anti-tumor Activities, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan-Zi Guo
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Ye
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Juan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Yun Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Guangren Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Yao
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Huang
- Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710021, People's Republic of China.
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Wang S, Li J, Yang X. Long Non-Coding RNA LINC00525 Promotes the Stemness and Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer by Targeting miR-507/ELK3 Axis. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:347-359. [PMID: 31242722 PMCID: PMC6657946 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives This study aims to explore the effects of a long non-coding RNA, LINC00525, on colorectal cancer (CRC) and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods The qPCR, MTT, colony formation, Western blotting, Luciferase reporter and biotin pull-down, shRNA knockdown and DNA fragmentation assays were performed in this study. Results High expressions of LINC00525 were associated with poor prognosis of CRC patients. LINC00525 knockdown decreased stemness properties and increased sensitivities to oxaliplatin. MiR-507 was a direct target of LINC00525 and overexpression of miR-507 significantly decreased abilities of tumorsphere formation and cell growth. Overexpression of miR-507 resulted in a decrease of expression of cancer stem cell markers and the increase of apoptosis rates. MiR-507 regulated the expression of ELK3. In addition, LINC00525 knockdown decreased the expression of ELK3. Restoration of ELK3 expression abrogated the effects of LINC00525 knockdown. LINC00525 could be served as prognostic marker of CRC. Conclusions LINC00525 enhanced stemness properties and increased sensitivities of CRC cells to oxaliplatin by targeting miR-507/ELK3 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsheng Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Qingzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Qingzhou, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang City, Qingzhou, China
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Tanshinone IIA Restores Dynamic Balance of Autophagosome/Autolysosome in Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Targeting Beclin1/LAMP1. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11070910. [PMID: 31261758 PMCID: PMC6679133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical use of the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) is largely limited due to its severe cardiotoxicity. Dysregulation of autophagy is implicated in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC). Prior studies have indicated that Beclin1 and lysosomal-associated membrane proteins-1 (LAMP1) are critical mediators of autophagy. In this work, by assessing autophagic flux in a DOX-stimulated H9C2 model, we observed autolysosome accumulation caused by interruption of autolysosome degradation. Tanshinone IIA (TSA) is a well-known small molecule that exerts impressive cardioprotective effects on heart failure. Here, we investigated the regulation of TSA in DOX-treated zebrafish, mice, and H9C2 models. Results demonstrated that TSA remarkably improved heart function and reversed pathological changes in vivo, while TSA restored autophagic flux by promoting autolysosome degradation and autophagosome formation. Further experiments demonstrated that these effects were mediated through upregulation of Beclin1 and LAMP1. The mTOR agonist MHY1485 was shown to abrogate the effect of TSA via the UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)-Beclin1/TFEB-LAMP1 signaling pathway in vitro, demonstrating that TSA protects against DIC by promoting autophagy via the Beclin1/LAMP1 signaling pathway. We further employed a U87 model to assess whether TSA would compromise the antitumor activity of DOX. Intriguingly, the co-treatment of TSA was able to synergistically inhibit proliferative activity. Collectively, in this study we uncover the novel insight that TSA is able to reduce the cardiotoxicity of DOX without compromising antitumor activity.
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De S, Das S, Sengupta S. Involvement of HuR in the serum starvation induced autophagy through regulation of Beclin1 in breast cancer cell-line, MCF-7. Cell Signal 2019; 61:78-85. [PMID: 31102648 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Starvation is a cellular stress that induces autophagy, a conserved cellular self-digestion mechanism that allows cells to degrade and recycle damaged proteins and organelles. The present study illustrated that during serum deprivation, Beclin1, a crucial gene that is essential for autophagosome formation in autophagy, gets controlled post-transcriptionally in breast cancer cell-line MCF-7. RNA affinity chromatography and co-immunoprecipitation confirmed the association of HuR with 3'-UTR of beclin1 mRNA. After cytosolic translocation, HuR enhances beclin1 protein synthesis in response to serum starvation by enhancing the association of beclin1 mRNA to the polysomes. Partial silencing of HuR resulted in reduction of beclin1 expression both at mRNA and protein levels, which in turn decreased starvation-induced autophagic flux. Thus, in conclusion, fine-tuning of beclin1 gene expression at post-transcriptional level by HuR is one of the key regulatory mechanisms of starvation induced autophagy in breast cancer cell-line, MCF-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumasree De
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sayantani Das
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Sumita Sengupta
- Department of Biophysics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92 A.P.C. Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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Elia LP, Mason AR, Alijagic A, Finkbeiner S. Genetic Regulation of Neuronal Progranulin Reveals a Critical Role for the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway. J Neurosci 2019; 39:3332-3344. [PMID: 30696728 PMCID: PMC6788815 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3498-17.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Deficient progranulin levels cause dose-dependent neurological syndromes: haploinsufficiency leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and nullizygosity produces adult-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Mechanisms controlling progranulin levels are largely unknown. To better understand progranulin regulation, we performed a genome-wide RNAi screen using an ELISA-based platform to discover genes that regulate progranulin levels in neurons. We identified 830 genes that raise or lower progranulin levels by at least 1.5-fold in Neuro2a cells. When inhibited by siRNA or some by submicromolar concentrations of small-molecule inhibitors, 33 genes of the druggable genome increased progranulin levels in mouse primary cortical neurons; several of these also raised progranulin levels in FTLD model mouse neurons. "Hit" genes regulated progranulin by transcriptional or posttranscriptional mechanisms. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment of hit genes from the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), suggesting a key role for this pathway in regulating progranulin levels. Progranulin itself regulates lysosome function. We found progranulin deficiency in neurons increased autophagy and caused abnormally enlarged lysosomes and boosting progranulin levels restored autophagy and lysosome size to control levels. Our data link the ALP to neuronal progranulin: progranulin levels are regulated by autophagy and, in turn, progranulin regulates the ALP. Restoring progranulin levels by targeting genetic modifiers reversed FTLD functional deficits, opening up potential opportunities for future therapeutics development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Progranulin regulates neuron and immune functions and is implicated in aging. Loss of one functional allele causes haploinsufficiency and leads to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), the second leading cause of dementia. Progranulin gene polymorphisms are linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and complete loss of function causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Despite the critical role of progranulin levels in neurodegenerative disease risk, almost nothing is known about their regulation. We performed an unbiased screen and identified specific pathways controlling progranulin levels in neurons. Modulation of these pathways restored levels in progranulin-deficient neurons and reversed FTLD phenotypes. We provide a new comprehensive understanding of the genetic regulation of progranulin levels and identify potential targets to treat FTLD and other neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa P Elia
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Amanda R Mason
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, 90033, and
| | - Amela Alijagic
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Steven Finkbeiner
- Center for Systems and Therapeutics and Taube/Koret Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, San Francisco, California,
- The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143
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Tian L, Cheng F, Wang L, Qin W, Zou K, Chen J. CLE-10 from Carpesium abrotanoides L. Suppresses the Growth of Human Breast Cancer Cells (MDA-MB-231) In Vitro by Inducing Apoptosis and Pro-Death Autophagy Via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24061091. [PMID: 30897708 PMCID: PMC6471079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antitumor activity of CLE-10 (4-epi-isoinuviscolide), a sesquiterpene lactone compound, isolated from Carpesium abrotanoides L. has rarely been reported. The aim of this study is to investigate the antitumor activity of CLE-10 and give a greater explanation of its underlying mechanisms. METHODS The cytotoxicity of CLE-10 was evaluated using MTT assay. Autophagy was detected by the formation of mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence puncta and observed using transmission electron microscopy, while flow cytometry was employed to detect apoptosis. The protein expressions were detected through Western blotting. RESULTS CLE-10 induced pro-death autophagy and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by increasing the protein expression of LC3-II, p-ULK1, Bax, and Bad, as well as downregulating p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p62, LC3-I, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl. CLE-10 that was pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) or chloroquine (CQ) weakened the upregulation of the protein expression of p-ULK1, or the downregulation of p62, p-mTOR, and decreased the level of cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells. Meanwhile, rapamycin enhanced the effect of CLE-10 on the expression of autophagy-related protein and its cytotoxicity, with the IC50 value of CLE-10 decreasing from 4.07 µM to 2.38 µM. CONCLUSION CLE-10 induced pro-death autophagy and apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by upregulating the protein expressions of LC3-II, p-ULK1, Bax, and Bad and downregulating p-PI3K, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p62, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Wen Qin
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Kun Zou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
| | - Jianfeng Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Products Research and Development, China Three Gorges University, Yichang 443002, China.
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Abstract
Fibrous sheath interacting protein 1 (FSIP1) is a cancer antigen expressed in the majority of breast cancer tissues and is associated with poor prognosis. However, the role of FSIP1 in the progression and drug sensitivity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has not been explored. Here, we show that FSIP1 deficiency by shRNA-mediated knockdown or CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockout significantly inhibits the proliferation and invasion of TNBC cells and impairs chemotherapy-induced growth inhibition in vivo. Computational modeling predicted that FSIP1 binds to ULK1, and this was established by coimmunoprecipitation. FSIP1 deficiency promoted autophagy, enhanced AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling, and decreased mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Wnt/β-catenin activity. In contrast, knockdown of AMPK or inhibition of autophagy restored the sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs in TNBC cells. Our findings uncover a role of FSIP1 as well as mechanisms underlying FSIP1 action in drug sensitivity and may, therefore, aid in design of TNBC therapies.
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Pei L, Kong Y, Shao C, Yue X, Wang Z, Zhang N. Heme oxygenase-1 induction mediates chemoresistance of breast cancer cells to pharmorubicin by promoting autophagy via PI3K/Akt pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5311-5321. [PMID: 30216645 PMCID: PMC6201364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Concerns about breast cancer had become the most dangerous cancer to women over the world, more and more anti‐cancer agents are developed to treat this malignancy. Pharmorubicin is a cytotoxic drug, widely used in the treatment of breast cancer, but its role is limited because of chemoresistance produced by cells. This study focused on exploring the influence of autophagy on the resistance of pharmorubicin in breast cancer cells. Methods The cell survival of breast cancer cells was detected by MTT. The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) was tested by qRT‐PCR. The protein expression of HO‐1, autophagic proteins (LC3‐I,LC3‐II and Beclin‐1), PI3K and Akt was detected by Western blot. Cell autophagy was examined by Cyto‐ID Autophagy Detection Kit. Results After being treated with pharmorubicin, the expression of HO‐1 and autophagy related proteins was significantly enhanced, but the cell survival ratio in the two cell lines decreased. After autophagy was inhibited, HO‐1 expression in two cells was down‐regulated. When pharmorubicin‐resistant cells were transfected with si‐HO‐1, the cell survival decreased and the protein expression of HO‐1, autophagic proteins (LC3‐II/LC3‐I and Beclin‐1) as well as autophagy were all down‐regulated, while in pharmorubicin‐resistant cells transfected with pcDNA3.1‐HO‐1, the results were reverse. When the PI3K or Akt was inhibited, PI3K, p‐Akt, HO‐1, autophagic proteins and autophagy were decreased remarkably. Conclusion It was proved that HO‐1 induction mediated chemoresistance of pharmorubicin in breast cancer cells by promoting autophagy via PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Pei
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Pingyi County, Pingyi, Shangdong, China
| | - Yirong Kong
- Department of the Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changfeng Shao
- Department of Transfusion, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xiao Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Pingyi County, Pingyi, Shangdong, China
| | - Zongling Wang
- Department of Dermatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The People's Hospital of Pingyi County, Pingyi, Shangdong, China
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Liang S, Jin J, Shen X, Jiang X, Li Y, He Q. Triptolide protects podocytes via autophagy in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2275-2280. [PMID: 30186468 PMCID: PMC6122401 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Triptolide is often used to treat patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), especially in Asia. However, its detailed mechanism remains unclear. In vitro experiments were conducted with podocytes exposed to aggregated IgA (aIgA)-MSC1097-conditioned media. A total of four groups were compared in this study: A control group (CON); a healthy supernatant group (HEAs); an IgAN supernatant group (IgANs); and a triptolide group (TRI). First, aggregated IgA1 (aIgA1) was generated by heating monomeric IgA1 (mIgA1) from IgAN patients or healthy subjects. Next, the conditioned supernatant of MSC-1097 cells cultured with aIgA1 (100 mg/l) from IgAN patients (IgANs) or healthy subjects (HEAs) or without aIgA1 (CON) were harvested and used to incubate MPC5 cells. MPC5 cells in the TRI group were cultured with triptolide (10 ng/ml) and conditioned media from MSC-1097 cells cultured with aIgA1 from IgAN patients. After 24 h of treatment, MPC5 cells were collected to measure autophagy-related protein levels, including microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), p62, cluster of differentiation (CD)63, phosphorylated-protein kinase B (Akt), Akt, p-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and mTOR, via western blotting, immunofluorescence or both, and to determine apoptosis by flow cytometry. All the results showed no difference between the CON and the HEAs. Compared to the CON and the HEAs, MPC5 cells in the IgANs group showed reduced autophagy, which was presented as decreased levels of LC3-II and CD63, as well as accumulation of p62, and an increased podocyte apoptosis rate. This was partly rescued by the addition of triptolide. Moreover, the p-mTOR/mTOR ratio increased in the IgANs group and decreased in the TRI group. Therefore, these results suggest that triptolide protects podocyte autophagy in IgAN patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikai Liang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Juan Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiaogang Shen
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Li
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Qiang He
- Department of Nephrology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX), also known as adriamycin, is a DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor and belongs to the family of anthracycline anticancer drugs. DOX is used for the treatment of a wide variety of cancer types. However, resistance among cancer cells has emerged as a major barrier to effective treatment using DOX. Currently, the role of autophagy in cancer resistance to DOX and the mechanisms involved have become one of the areas of intense investigation. More and more preclinical data are being obtained on reversing DOX resistance through modulation of autophagy as one of the promising therapeutic strategies. This review summarizes the recent advances in autophagy-targeting therapies that overcome DOX resistance from in-vitro studies to animal models for exploration of novel delivery systems. In-depth understanding of the mechanisms of autophagy regulation in relation to DOX resistance and development of molecularly targeted autophagy-modulating agents will provide a promising therapeutic strategy for overcoming DOX resistance in cancer treatment.
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Chalakur-Ramireddy NKR, Pakala SB. Combined drug therapeutic strategies for the effective treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171357. [PMID: 29298879 PMCID: PMC5789156 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
TNBC (Triple Negative Breast Cancer) is a subtype of breast cancer with an aggressive phenotype which shows high metastatic capability and poor prognosis. Owing to its intrinsic properties like heterogeneity, lack of hormonal receptors and aggressive phenotype leave chemotherapy as a mainstay for the treatment of TNBC. Various studies have demonstrated that chemotherapy alone or therapeutic drugs targeting TNBC pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and immunotherapy alone have not shown significant improvement in TNBC patients. On the other hand, a combination of therapeutic drugs or addition of chemotherapy with therapeutic drugs has shown substantial improvement in results and proven to be an effective strategy for TNBC treatment. This review sheds light on effective combinational drug strategies and current clinical trial status of various combinatorial drugs for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suresh B Pakala
- Biology Division, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Zhao S, Li L, Wang S, Yu C, Xiao B, Lin L, Cong W, Cheng J, Yang W, Sun W, Cui S. H2O2 treatment or serum deprivation induces autophagy and apoptosis in naked mole-rat skin fibroblasts by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84839-84850. [PMID: 27863375 PMCID: PMC5356702 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Naked mole-rats (NMR; Heterocephalus glaber) display extreme longevity and resistance to cancer. Here, we examined whether autophagy contributes to the longevity of NMRs by assessing the effects of the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002 and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ) on autophagy and apoptosis in NMR skin fibroblasts. Serum starvation, H2O2 treatment, and LY294002 treatment all increased the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and numbers of double-membraned autophagosomes and autophagic vacuoles, and decreased levels of p70S6K, p-AktSer473, and p-AktThr308. By contrast, CQ treatment decreased p70S6K, AktSer473, and AktThr308 levels. The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio increased after 12 h of exposure to LY294002 or CQ. These data show that inhibiting the Akt pathway promotes autophagy and apoptosis in NMR skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, LY294002 or CQ treatment decreased caspase-3, p53, and HIF1-α levels, suggesting that serum starvation or H2O2 treatment increase autophagy and apoptosis in NMR skin fibroblasts by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt pathway. CQ-induced inhibition of late autophagy stages also prevented Akt activation and induced apoptosis. Finally, the HIF-1α and p53 pathways were involved in serum starvation- or H2O2-induced autophagy in NMR skin fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmin Zhao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Training, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyong Wang
- Informatization Office, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenlin Yu
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang Xiao
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lifang Lin
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cong
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jishuai Cheng
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Yang
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shufang Cui
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Emad A, Cairns J, Kalari KR, Wang L, Sinha S. Knowledge-guided gene prioritization reveals new insights into the mechanisms of chemoresistance. Genome Biol 2017; 18:153. [PMID: 28800781 PMCID: PMC5554409 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of genes whose basal mRNA expression predicts the sensitivity of tumor cells to cytotoxic treatments can play an important role in individualized cancer medicine. It enables detailed characterization of the mechanism of action of drugs. Furthermore, screening the expression of these genes in the tumor tissue may suggest the best course of chemotherapy or a combination of drugs to overcome drug resistance. RESULTS We developed a computational method called ProGENI to identify genes most associated with the variation of drug response across different individuals, based on gene expression data. In contrast to existing methods, ProGENI also utilizes prior knowledge of protein-protein and genetic interactions, using random walk techniques. Analysis of two relatively new and large datasets including gene expression data on hundreds of cell lines and their cytotoxic responses to a large compendium of drugs reveals a significant improvement in prediction of drug sensitivity using genes identified by ProGENI compared to other methods. Our siRNA knockdown experiments on ProGENI-identified genes confirmed the role of many new genes in sensitivity to three chemotherapy drugs: cisplatin, docetaxel, and doxorubicin. Based on such experiments and extensive literature survey, we demonstrate that about 73% of our top predicted genes modulate drug response in selected cancer cell lines. In addition, global analysis of genes associated with groups of drugs uncovered pathways of cytotoxic response shared by each group. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that knowledge-guided prioritization of genes using ProGENI gives new insight into mechanisms of drug resistance and identifies genes that may be targeted to overcome this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Emad
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Junmei Cairns
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Gonda 19, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200, 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Krishna R. Kalari
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Gonda 19, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200, 1st St. SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Saurabh Sinha
- Department of Computer Science and Institute of Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2122 Siebel Center, 201N. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Oh N, Park JI, Park JH, Kim KS, Lee DR, Park KS. The role of ELK3 to regulate peritumoral lymphangiogenesis and VEGF-C production in triple negative breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 484:896-902. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ouyang DQ, Liang LZ, Ke ZF, Zheng GS, Weng DS, Yang WF, Su YX, Liao GQ. Association between high expression of phosphorylated Akt and mammalian target of rapamycin and improved survival in salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. Head Neck 2017; 39:1145-1154. [DOI: 10.1002/hed.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dai-qiao Ouyang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Li-zhong Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University; Zhuhai Guangdong China
| | - Zun-fu Ke
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Guang-sen Zheng
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - De-sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangzhou Guangdong China
| | - Wei-fa Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Yu-xiong Su
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong China
| | - Gui-qing Liao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology; Sun Yat-sen University; Guangzhou Guangdong China
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38
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Paris saponin-induced autophagy promotes breast cancer cell apoptosis via the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 264:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Xu Z, Yan Y, Qian L, Gong Z. Long non-coding RNAs act as regulators of cell autophagy in diseases (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 37:1359-1366. [PMID: 28184916 PMCID: PMC5364869 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) has provided a substantial increase in our understanding of the non-coding transcriptome. Studies have revealed a crucial function of lncRNAs in the modulation of cell autophagy in vitro and in vivo, further contributing to the hallmarks of disease phenotypes. These findings have profoundly altered our understanding of disease pathobiology, and may lead to the emergence of new biological concepts underlying autophagy-associated diseases, such as the carcinomas. Studies on the molecular mechanism of the lncRNA-autophagy axis may offer additional avenues for therapeutic intervention and biomarker assessment. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the multiple molecular roles of regulatory lncRNAs in the signaling pathways of cell autophagy. The emerging knowledge in this rapidly advancing field will offer novel insights into human diseases, especially cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Xu
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Yuanliang Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Long Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Zhicheng Gong
- Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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Zhang JF, Yan XM, Lan B, Lei YR, Li XH, Gao S, Guo YF, Guo F. Molecular mechanisms of synergistic induction of apoptosis by the combination therapy with hyperthermia and cisplatin in prostate cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 479:159-165. [PMID: 27524236 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Prostate Cancer has become the second leading cause of male cancer-related incidence and mortality in United States. Hyperthermia (HT) is known to serve as a powerful tool in treatment of prostate cancer in clinical. The combination treatment with HT and cisplatin has a synergistic effect to inhibit prostate cancer progression and demonstrates better clinical effectiveness than HT or chemotherapy alone. But molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon have not been illuminated clearly. In this study, we used MTS assay to examine cell viabilities of PC-3, LNCaP, DU-145 and RM-1 cells after treated by HT and cisplatin. Then colony formation of PC-3 and DU-145 cells after treated with HT and cisplatin were photographed. To investigate whether the combination therapy would enhance apoptosis of PC-3 and DU-145 cells, we used Western blot analysis to detect expression level of proteins on apoptosis-regulated signaling pathway in PC-3 and DU-145 cells. Our results showed that the combination treatment decreased cell viabilities and colony formation of prostate cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and this combination therapy enhanced apoptosis of PC-3 and DU-145 cells via activation of Caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP. We also found that the combination therapy could down-regulate the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and IAP family proteins. At last, the combination therapy activated AMPKα-JNK signaling pathway and inhibited Akt-mTOR-p70s6k signaling pathway to promote apoptosis of PC-3 and DU-145 cells. In conclusion, this study clearly elucidated how the combination therapy with HT and cisplatin promoted apoptosis of prostate cancer cells in synergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Fu Zhang
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang-Ming Yan
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Lan
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin-Rui Lei
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Hu Li
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Academy of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Feng Guo
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Fang Guo
- Laboratory of Tumor Targeted Therapy, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Biomedicine (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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