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Letsoalo K, Nortje E, Patrick S, Nyakudya T, Hlophe Y. Decoding the synergistic potential of MAZ-51 and zingerone as therapy for melanoma treatment in alignment with sustainable development goals. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3950. [PMID: 38348768 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma, an invasive class of skin cancer, originates from mutations in melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells. Globally, approximately 132,000 new cases are reported each year, and in South Africa, the incidence stands at 2.7 per 100,000 people, signifying a worrisome surge in melanoma rates. Therefore, there is a need to explore treatment modalities that will target melanoma's signalling pathways. Melanoma metastasis is aided by ligand activity of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) and C-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) which bind to their receptors and promote tumour cell survival, lymphangiogenesis and chemotaxis. (3-(4-dimethylaminonaphthelen-1-ylmethylene)-1,3-dihydroindol-2-one) MAZ-51 is an indolinone-based molecule that inhibits VEGF-C induced phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3). Despite the successful use of conventional cancer therapies, patients endure adverse side effects and cancer drug resistance. Moreover, conventional therapies are toxic to the environment and caregivers. The use of medicinal plants and their phytochemical constituents in cancer treatment strategies has become more widespread because of the rise in drug resistance and the development of unfavourable side effects. Zingerone, a phytochemical derived from ginger exhibits various pharmacological properties positioning it as a promising candidate for cancer treatment. This review provides an overview of melanoma biology and the intracellular signalling pathways promoting cell survival, proliferation and adhesion. There is a need to align health and environmental objectives within sustainable development goals 3 (good health and well-being), 13 (climate action) and 15 (life on land) to promote early detection of skin cancer, enhance sun-safe practices, mitigation of environmental factors and advancing the preservation of biodiversity, including medicinal plants. Thus, this review discusses the impact of cytostatic cancer drugs on patients and the environment and examines the potential use of phytochemicals as adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kganya Letsoalo
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Evangeline Nortje
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sean Patrick
- Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Trevor Nyakudya
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Yvette Hlophe
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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2
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Ju W, Cai HH, Zheng W, Li DM, Zhang W, Yang XH, Yan ZX. Cross‑talk between lymphangiogenesis and malignant melanoma cells: New opinions on tumour drainage and immunization (Review). Oncol Lett 2024; 27:81. [PMID: 38249813 PMCID: PMC10797314 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive tumour that can easily metastasize through the lymphatic system at the early stages. Lymph node (LN) involvement and lymphatic vessel (LV) density (LVD) represent a harbinger of an adverse prognosis, indicating a strong link between the state of the lymphatic system and the advancement of MM. Permeable capillary lymphatic vessels are the optimal conduits for melanoma cell (MMC) invasion, and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) can also release a variety of chemokines that actively attract MMCs expressing chemokine ligands through a gradient orientation. Moreover, due to the lower oxidative stress environment in the lymph compared with the blood circulation, MMCs are more likely to survive and colonize. The number of LVs surrounding MM is associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which is crucial for the effectiveness of immunotherapy. On the other hand, MMCs can release various endothelial growth factors such as VEGF-C/D-VEGFR3 to mediate LN education and promote lymphangiogenesis. Tumour-derived extracellular vesicles are also used to promote lymphangiogenesis and create a microenvironment that is more conducive to tumour progression. MM is surrounded by a large number of lymphocytes. However, both LECs and MMCs are highly plastic, playing multiple roles in evading immune surveillance. They achieve this by expressing inhibitory ligands or reducing antigen recognition. In recent years, tertiary lymphoid structures have been shown to be associated with response to anti-immune checkpoint therapy, which is often a positive prognostic feature in MM. The present review discusses the interaction between lymphangiogenesis and MM metastasis, and it was concluded that the relationship between LVD and TILs and patient prognosis is analogous to a dynamically tilted scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ju
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Hua Cai
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - De-Ming Li
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Fourth People's Hospital of Taizhou, Taizhou, Jiangsu 225300, P.R. China
| | - Xi-Hu Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Xin Yan
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212000, P.R. China
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3
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Wang C, Chu M. Advances in Drugs Targeting Lymphangiogenesis for Preventing Tumor Progression and Metastasis. Front Oncol 2022; 11:783309. [PMID: 35087755 PMCID: PMC8787832 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.783309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other organs and tissues in the body is the leading cause of death in patients with malignancies. One of the principal ways cancer cells travel is through lymphatic vessels, and tumor invasion into the regional lymph nodes is a hallmark of early metastasis; thus, the formation of especially peritumoral lymphatic vessels is essential for tumor transportation that gives rise to further progression. In the past few decades, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis has been testified to its tight correlation with lymphatic metastasis and poor clinical outcomes in multiple types of human malignancies, which warrants novel potential therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. As the understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms has grown tremendously over the years, an inexorable march of anti-lymphangiogenic therapy also aroused terrific interest. As a result, a great number of drugs have entered clinical trials, and some of them exhibited predominant contributions in cancer management. Herein, this review provides an updated summary of the current advances in therapies preventing lymphatic metastasis and discusses the validity of different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China.,I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ming Chu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
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4
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Black LM, Farrell ER, Barwinska D, Osis G, Zmijewska AA, Traylor AM, Esman SK, Bolisetty S, Whipple G, Kamocka MM, Winfree S, Spangler DR, Khan S, Zarjou A, El-Achkar TM, Agarwal A. VEGFR3 tyrosine kinase inhibition aggravates cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F675-F688. [PMID: 34658261 PMCID: PMC8714977 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00186.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Expansion of renal lymphatic networks, or lymphangiogenesis (LA), is well recognized during development and is now being implicated in kidney diseases. Although LA is associated with multiple pathological conditions, very little is known about its role in acute kidney injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of LA in a model of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. LA is predominately regulated by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, ligands that exert their function through their cognate receptor VEGF receptor 3 (VEGFR3). We demonstrated that use of MAZ51, a selective VEGFR3 inhibitor, caused significantly worse structural and functional kidney damage in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Apoptotic cell death and inflammation were also increased in MAZ51-treated animals compared with vehicle-treated animals following cisplatin administration. Notably, MAZ51 caused significant upregulation of intrarenal phospho-NF-κB, phospho-JNK, and IL-6. Cisplatin nephrotoxicity is associated with vascular congestion due to endothelial dysfunction. Using three-dimensional tissue cytometry, a novel approach to explore lymphatics in the kidney, we detected significant vascular autofluorescence attributed to erythrocytes in cisplatin alone-treated animals. Interestingly, no such congestion was detected in MAZ51-treated animals. We found increased renal vascular damage in MAZ51-treated animals, whereby MAZ51 caused a modest decrease in the endothelial markers endomucin and von Willebrand factor, with a modest increase in VEGFR2. Our findings identify a protective role for de novo LA in cisplatin nephrotoxicity and provide a rationale for the development of therapeutic approaches targeting LA. Our study also suggests off-target effects of MAZ51 on the vasculature in the setting of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Little is known about injury-associated LA in the kidney and its role in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury (AKI). Observed exacerbation of cisplatin-induced AKI after LA inhibition was accompanied by increased medullary damage and cell death in the kidney. LA inhibition also upregulated compensatory expression of LA regulatory proteins, including JNK and NF-κB. These data support the premise that LA is induced during AKI and lymphatic expansion is a protective mechanism in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence M Black
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Elisa R Farrell
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Daria Barwinska
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Gunars Osis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anna A Zmijewska
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Amie M Traylor
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stephanie K Esman
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Subhashini Bolisetty
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Grace Whipple
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Malgorzata M Kamocka
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Seth Winfree
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Daryll R Spangler
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Shehnaz Khan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Abolfazl Zarjou
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tarek M El-Achkar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana Center for Biological Microscopy, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indianapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Nephrology Research and Training Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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CD147 Promotes Tumor Lymphangiogenesis in Melanoma via PROX-1. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13194859. [PMID: 34638342 PMCID: PMC8508014 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13194859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers, characterized by metastasis to the lymph nodes and a high capacity to develop drug resistance. There is a lack of knowledge on the mechanisms contributing to lymphatic vessel formation and metastasis regulation in malignant melanoma. We previously reported the involvement of CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in melanoma, in the regulation of the tumor microenvironment and angiogenesis. The aim of our study was to further determine how CD147 is involved in lymphangiogenesis regulation. Our results revealed that high CD147 expression is correlated with the number of lymphatic vessels in the human melanoma lymph nodes and that paracrine CD147 upregulates lymphangiogenesis through lymphangiogenic mediators in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that CD147 could be a promising target for melanoma-associated lymphangiogenesis inhibition. Abstract Malignant melanoma is one of the most aggressive skin cancers and is characterized by early lymph node metastasis and the capacity to develop resistance to therapies. Hence, understanding the regulation of lymphangiogenesis through mechanisms contributing to lymphatic vessel formation represents a treatment strategy for metastatic cancer. We have previously shown that CD147, a transmembrane glycoprotein overexpressed in melanoma, regulates the angiogenic process in endothelial cells. In this study, we show a correlation between high CD147 expression levels and the number of lymphatic vessels expressing LYVE-1, Podoplanin, and VEGFR-3 in human melanoma lymph nodes. CD147 upregulates in vitro lymphangiogenesis and its related mediators through the PROX-1 transcription factor. In vivo studies in a melanoma model confirmed that CD147 is involved in metastasis through a similar mechanism as in vitro. This study, demonstrating the paracrine role of CD147 in the lymphangiogenesis process, suggests that CD147 could be a promising target for the inhibition of melanoma-associated lymphangiogenesis.
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6
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Rezzola S, Sigmund EC, Halin C, Ronca R. The lymphatic vasculature: An active and dynamic player in cancer progression. Med Res Rev 2021; 42:576-614. [PMID: 34486138 PMCID: PMC9291933 DOI: 10.1002/med.21855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic vasculature has been widely described and explored for its key functions in fluid homeostasis and in the organization and modulation of the immune response. Besides transporting immune cells, lymphatic vessels play relevant roles in tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination. Cancer cells that have invaded into afferent lymphatics are propagated to tumor‐draining lymph nodes (LNs), which represent an important hub for metastatic cell arrest and growth, immune modulation, and secondary dissemination to distant sites. In recent years many studies have reported new mechanisms by which the lymphatic vasculature affects cancer progression, ranging from induction of lymphangiogenesis to metastatic niche preconditioning or immune modulation. In this review, we provide an up‐to‐date description of lymphatic organization and function in peripheral tissues and in LNs and the changes induced to this system by tumor growth and progression. We will specifically focus on the reported interactions that occur between tumor cells and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as on interactions between immune cells and LECs, both in the tumor microenvironment and in tumor‐draining LNs. Moreover, the most recent prognostic and therapeutic implications of lymphatics in cancer will be reported and discussed in light of the new immune‐modulatory roles that have been ascribed to LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elena C Sigmund
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia Halin
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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7
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Dono A, Takayasu T, Yan Y, Bundrant BE, Arevalo O, Lopez-Garcia CA, Esquenazi Y, Ballester LY. Differences in Genomic Alterations Between Brain Metastases and Primary Tumors. Neurosurgery 2021; 88:592-602. [PMID: 33369669 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BMs) occur in ∼1/3 of cancer patients and are associated with poor prognosis. Genomic alterations contribute to BM development; however, mutations that predispose and promote BM development are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE To identify differences in genomic alterations between BM and primary tumors. METHODS A retrospective cohort of 144 BM patients were tested for genomic alterations (85 lung, 21 breast, 14 melanoma, 4 renal, 4 colon, 3 prostate, 4 others, and 9 unknown carcinomas) by a next-generation sequencing assay interrogating 315 genes. The differences in genomic alterations between BM and primary tumors from COSMIC and TCGA were evaluated by chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Overall survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS The comparison of BM and primary tumors revealed genes that were mutated in BM with increased frequency: TP53, ATR, and APC (lung adenocarcinoma); ARID1A and FGF10 (lung small-cell); PIK3CG, NOTCH3, and TET2 (lung squamous); ERBB2, BRCA2, and AXL1 (breast carcinoma); CDKN2A/B, PTEN, RUNX1T1, AXL, and FLT4 (melanoma); and ATM, AR, CDKN2A/B, TERT, and TSC1 (renal clear-cell carcinoma). Moreover, our results indicate that lung adenocarcinoma BM patients with CREBBP, GPR124, or SPTA1 mutations have a worse prognosis. Similarly, ERBB2, CDK12, or TP53 mutations are associated with worse prognosis in breast cancer BM patients. CONCLUSION The present study demonstrates significant differences in the frequency of mutations between primary tumors and BM and identifies targetable alterations and genes that correlate with prognosis. Identifying the genomic alterations that are enriched in metastatic central nervous system tumors could help our understanding of BM development and improve patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dono
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Takeshi Takayasu
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Yuanqing Yan
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Bethany E Bundrant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Octavio Arevalo
- Department of Diagnostic and Inteventional Imaging, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Carlos A Lopez-Garcia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas
| | - Yoshua Esquenazi
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
| | - Leomar Y Ballester
- Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas.,Memorial Hermann Hospital-TMC, Houston, Texas
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8
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Yamamura A, Nayeem MJ, Muramatsu H, Nakamura K, Sato M. MAZ51 Blocks the Tumor Growth of Prostate Cancer by Inhibiting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:667474. [PMID: 33959030 PMCID: PMC8093795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.667474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) signaling plays a critical role in the carcinogenesis and tumor development of several cancer types. However, its pathological significance in prostate cancer, one of the most frequent and lethal malignancies in men, remains unclear. In the present study, we focused on a pathological role of the VEGF receptors (VEGFRs), and examined their expression and effects of MAZ51 (an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase of VEGFR-3) on cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth in human prostate cancer cells. The expression level of VEGFR-3 was higher in androgen-independent and highly metastatic prostate cancer PC-3 cells than in other prostate PrEC, LNCaP, and DU145 cells. In PC-3 cells, VEGFR-3 and Akt were phosphorylated following a stimulation with 50 ng/ml VEGF-C, and these phosphorylations were blocked by 3 μM MAZ51. Interestingly, PC-3 cells themselves secreted VEGF-C, which was markedly larger amount compared with PrEC, LNCaP, and DU145 cells. MAZ51 reduced the expression of VEGFR-3 but not VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. The proliferation of PC-3 cells was inhibited by MAZ51 (IC50 = 2.7 μM) and VEGFR-3 siRNA, and partly decreased by 100 nM GSK690693 (an Akt inhibitor) and 300 nM VEGFR2 Kinase Inhibitor I. MAZ51 and VEGFR-3 siRNA also attenuated the VEGF-C-induced migration of PC-3 cells. Moreover, MAZ51 blocked the tumor growth of PC-3 cells in a xenograft mouse model. These results suggest that VEGFR-3 signaling contributes to the cell proliferation, migration, and tumor growth of androgen-independent/highly metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, the inhibition of VEGFR-3 has potential as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment for prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Yamamura
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | | | | | - Kogenta Nakamura
- Department of Urology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Motohiko Sato
- Department of Physiology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
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9
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Vasiliev G, Chadaeva I, Rasskazov D, Ponomarenko P, Sharypova E, Drachkova I, Bogomolov A, Savinkova L, Ponomarenko M, Kolchanov N, Osadchuk A, Oshchepkov D, Osadchuk L. A Bioinformatics Model of Human Diseases on the Basis of Differentially Expressed Genes (of Domestic Versus Wild Animals) That Are Orthologs of Human Genes Associated with Reproductive-Potential Changes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2346. [PMID: 33652917 PMCID: PMC7956675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier, after our bioinformatic analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of TATA-binding protein-binding sites within gene promoters on the human Y chromosome, we suggested that human reproductive potential diminishes during self-domestication. Here, we implemented bioinformatics models of human diseases using animal in vivo genome-wide RNA-Seq data to compare the effect of co-directed changes in the expression of orthologous genes on human reproductive potential and during the divergence of domestic and wild animals from their nearest common ancestor (NCA). For example, serotonin receptor 3A (HTR3A) deficiency contributes to sudden death in pregnancy, consistently with Htr3a underexpression in guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus) during their divergence from their NCA with cavy (C. aperea). Overall, 25 and three differentially expressed genes (hereinafter, DEGs) in domestic animals versus 11 and 17 DEGs in wild animals show the direction consistent with human orthologous gene-markers of reduced and increased reproductive potential. This indicates a reliable association between DEGs in domestic animals and human orthologous genes reducing reproductive potential (Pearson's χ2 test p < 0.001, Fisher's exact test p < 0.05, binomial distribution p < 0.0001), whereas DEGs in wild animals uniformly match human orthologous genes decreasing and increasing human reproductive potential (p > 0.1; binomial distribution), thus enforcing the norm (wild type).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady Vasiliev
- Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Irina Chadaeva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Dmitry Rasskazov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Petr Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ekaterina Sharypova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Irina Drachkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Anton Bogomolov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ludmila Savinkova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Mikhail Ponomarenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Nikolay Kolchanov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Alexander Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Dmitry Oshchepkov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
| | - Ludmila Osadchuk
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (I.C.); (D.R.); (P.P.); (E.S.); (I.D.); (A.B.); (L.S.); (N.K.); (A.O.); (D.O.); (L.O.)
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10
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Gagliano T, Shah K, Gargani S, Lao L, Alsaleem M, Chen J, Ntafis V, Huang P, Ditsiou A, Vella V, Yadav K, Bienkowska K, Bresciani G, Kang K, Li L, Carter P, Benstead-Hume G, O’Hanlon T, Dean M, Pearl FM, Lee SC, Rakha EA, Green AR, Kontoyiannis DL, Song E, Stebbing J, Giamas G. PIK3Cδ expression by fibroblasts promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression. J Clin Invest 2020; 130:3188-3204. [PMID: 32125284 PMCID: PMC7260014 DOI: 10.1172/jci128313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
As there is growing evidence for the tumor microenvironment's role in tumorigenesis, we investigated the role of fibroblast-expressed kinases in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a high-throughput kinome screen combined with 3D invasion assays, we identified fibroblast-expressed PIK3Cδ (f-PIK3Cδ) as a key regulator of cancer progression. Although PIK3Cδ was expressed in primary fibroblasts derived from TNBC patients, it was barely detectable in breast cancer (BC) cell lines. Genetic and pharmacological gain- and loss-of-function experiments verified the contribution of f-PIK3Cδ in TNBC cell invasion. Integrated secretomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed a paracrine mechanism via which f-PIK3Cδ confers its protumorigenic effects. Inhibition of f-PIK3Cδ promoted the secretion of factors, including PLGF and BDNF, that led to upregulation of NR4A1 in TNBC cells, where it acts as a tumor suppressor. Inhibition of PIK3Cδ in an orthotopic BC mouse model reduced tumor growth only after inoculation with fibroblasts, indicating a role of f-PIK3Cδ in cancer progression. Similar results were observed in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic BC mouse model, along with a decrease in tumor metastasis, emphasizing the potential immune-independent effects of PIK3Cδ inhibition. Finally, analysis of BC patient cohorts and TCGA data sets identified f-PIK3Cδ (protein and mRNA levels) as an independent prognostic factor for overall and disease-free survival, highlighting it as a therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gagliano
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kalpit Shah
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sofia Gargani
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Liyan Lao
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jianing Chen
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Vasileios Ntafis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
| | - Penghan Huang
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Angeliki Ditsiou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Viviana Vella
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Kritika Yadav
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kamila Bienkowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Giulia Bresciani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Kai Kang
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Leping Li
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Philip Carter
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graeme Benstead-Hume
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy O’Hanlon
- Cancer Genomics Research Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Dean
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Frances M.G. Pearl
- Bioinformatics Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Soo-Chin Lee
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
- National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew R. Green
- Nottingham Breast Cancer Research Centre, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, Nottingham City Hospital, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris L. Kontoyiannis
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, Vari, Greece
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Erwei Song
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Justin Stebbing
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom
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11
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Mosquera Orgueira A, Antelo Rodríguez B, Díaz Arias JÁ, González Pérez MS, Bello López JL. New Recurrent Structural Aberrations in the Genome of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Based on Exome-Sequencing Data. Front Genet 2019; 10:854. [PMID: 31616467 PMCID: PMC6764480 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent lymphoproliferative syndrome in Western countries, and it is characterized by recurrent large genomic rearrangements. During the last decades, array techniques have expanded our knowledge about CLL's karyotypic aberrations. The advent of large sequencing databases expanded our knowledge cancer genomics to an unprecedented resolution and enabled the detection of small-scale structural aberrations in the cancer genome. In this study, we have performed exome-sequencing-based copy number aberration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis in order to detect new recurrent structural aberrations. We describe 54 recurrent focal CNAs enriched in cancer-related pathways, and their association with gene expression and clinical evolution. Furthermore, we discovered recurrent large copy number neutral LOH events affecting key driver genes, and we recapitulate most of the large CNAs that characterize the CLL genome. These results provide "proof-of-concept" evidence supporting the existence of new genes involved in the pathogenesis of CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Mosquera Orgueira
- Research Group on Lymphoproliferative Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Division of Hematology, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Beatriz Antelo Rodríguez
- Research Group on Lymphoproliferative Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Division of Hematology, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Ángel Díaz Arias
- Research Group on Lymphoproliferative Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Division of Hematology, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Marta Sonia González Pérez
- Research Group on Lymphoproliferative Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Division of Hematology, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - José Luis Bello López
- Research Group on Lymphoproliferative Diseases, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), Division of Hematology, SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Department of Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Wang M, Xu Y, Wen GZ, Wang Q, Yuan SM. Rapamycin suppresses angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in melanoma by downregulating VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 expression. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4643-4654. [PMID: 31354297 PMCID: PMC6580124 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s205160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous melanoma is a highly malignant tumor which tends to metastasize in the early stage and leads to poor prognosis. Hematogenous and lymphatic metastasis are common in the dissemination of melanoma. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, was reported to have anti-angiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic properties. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate if rapamycin can inhibit the formation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels in melanoma. Methods: A melanoma xenograft model was generated by subcutaneously transplanting A375 human melanoma cells into the back of immunodeficient mice. Two weeks after cell transplantation, rapamycin was injected intraperitoneally every other day seven times. Then, tumors were harvested.
Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E)
staining, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and quantitative PCR were performed to observe the pathological structure of the tumor, the distribution of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and the expression of mTOR signal pathway, VEGF-A/VEGFR-2, and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3. Results: The results showed that CD34(+) blood vessels and LYVE-1(+) lymphatic vessels decreased in the peritumor and intratumor region in rapamycin-treated tumors. Expression of p-4EBP1 and p-S6K1 proteins was downregulated. Expression of both proteins and mRNAs of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 was downregulated. Conclusion: In conclusion, rapamycin suppresses angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in melanoma by blocking the mTOR signal pathway and subsequently downregulating the expression of VEGF-A/VEGFR-2 and VEGF-C/VEGFR-3. Therefore, targeted therapy via mTOR signal pathway may control the hematogenous and lymphatic metastasis of melanoma, and even prolong patients’ survival time. ![]()
Point your SmartPhone at the code above. If you have a QR code reader the video abstract will appear. Or use: https://youtu.be/Q1fo3NUeLpY
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Zhong Wen
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Ming Yuan
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
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13
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Cote B, Rao D, Alany RG, Kwon GS, Alani AW. Lymphatic changes in cancer and drug delivery to the lymphatics in solid tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 144:16-34. [PMID: 31461662 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many solid tumors use the lymphatic system to metastasize, there are few treatment options that directly target cancer present in the lymphatic system, and those that do are highly invasive, uncomfortable, and/or have limitations. In this review we provide a brief overview of lymphatic function and anatomy, discusses changes that befall the lymphatics in cancer and the mechanisms by which these changes occur, and highlight limitations of lymphatic drug delivery. We then go on to summarize relevant techniques and new research for targeting cancer populations in the lymphatics and enhancing drug delivery intralymphatically, including intralymphatic injections, isolated limb perfusion, passive nano drug delivery systems, and actively targeted nanomedicine.
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14
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Zhang L, Huang Y, Ling J, Zhuo W, Yu Z, Luo Y, Zhu Y. Is Integrin Subunit Alpha 2 Expression a Prognostic Factor for Liver Carcinoma? A Validation Experiment Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1545-1552. [PMID: 30515639 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0551-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
ITGA2 (Integrin alpha-2) has been detected to be over-expressed in a number of cancers and has been suggested to be involved in cell adhesion and cell-surface mediated signaling. Our previous study using bioinformatic analyses has shown that ITGA2 might be a key gene being involved in the Cadmium-induced malignant transformation of liver cells. In the present study, we firstly aimed to learn the possible functions of ITGA2 via bioinformatics analysis, and then test its expression and clinical significance in liver carcinoma specimens through laboratory experiments. Gene ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, as well as protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis has been conducted in Genecards. Then, a tissue microarray containing 90 cases of liver cancer and 90 paired adjacent non-cancerous samples was used for detection of ITGA2 expression by immunohistochemistry assay. Consequently, ITGA2 may be enriched in pathways regarding cell adhesion and migration. PPI analysis suggests that ITGA1, ITGB2, FLT4, LAMB1 and AGRN may have a close relationship with ITGA2. No association between ITGA2 expression and clinical parameters was observed. However, the data showed that ITGA2 might be an independent prognostic factor for liver cancer patients. In conclusion, the data suggest that ITGA2 over-expression might be a potential unfavorable prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for liver carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- College of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - JunJun Ling
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenlei Zhuo
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- College of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunbo Luo
- College of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- College of food science and nutritional engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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15
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Blei F. Update September 2016. Lymphat Res Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/lrb.2016.29012.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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