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Viana P, Hamar P. Targeting the heat shock response induced by modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) in cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189069. [PMID: 38176599 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The Heat Shock Response (HSR) is a cellular stress reaction crucial for cell survival against stressors, including heat, in both healthy and cancer cells. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is an emerging non-invasive cancer therapy utilizing electromagnetic fields to selectively target cancer cells via temperature-dependent and independent mechanisms. However, mEHT triggers HSR in treated cells. Despite demonstrated efficacy in cancer treatment, understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms for improved therapeutic outcomes remains a focus. This review examines the HSR induced by mEHT in cancer cells, discussing potential strategies to modulate it for enhanced tumor-killing effects. Approaches such as HSF1 gene-knockdown and small molecule inhibitors like KRIBB11 are explored to downregulate the HSR and augment tumor destruction. We emphasize the impact of HSR inhibition on cancer cell viability, mEHT sensitivity, and potential synergistic effects, addressing challenges and future directions. This understanding offers opportunities for optimizing treatment strategies and advancing precision medicine in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Viana
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-49, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 37-49, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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2
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Gumilar KE, Chin Y, Ibrahim IH, Tjokroprawiro BA, Yang JY, Zhou M, Gassman NR, Tan M. Heat Shock Factor 1 Inhibition: A Novel Anti-Cancer Strategy with Promise for Precision Oncology. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5167. [PMID: 37958341 PMCID: PMC10649344 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a transcription factor crucial for regulating heat shock response (HSR), one of the significant cellular protective mechanisms. When cells are exposed to proteotoxic stress, HSF1 induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to act as chaperones, correcting the protein-folding process and maintaining proteostasis. In addition to its role in HSR, HSF1 is overexpressed in multiple cancer cells, where its activation promotes malignancy and leads to poor prognosis. The mechanisms of HSF1-induced tumorigenesis are complex and involve diverse signaling pathways, dependent on cancer type. With its important roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression, targeting HSF1 offers a novel cancer treatment strategy. In this article, we examine the basic function of HSF1 and its regulatory mechanisms, focus on the mechanisms involved in HSF1's roles in different cancer types, and examine current HSF1 inhibitors as novel therapeutics to treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanisyah Erza Gumilar
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.C.); (I.H.I.); (J.-Y.Y.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Yeh Chin
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.C.); (I.H.I.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ibrahim Haruna Ibrahim
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.C.); (I.H.I.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Brahmana A. Tjokroprawiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60286, Indonesia;
| | - Jer-Yen Yang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.C.); (I.H.I.); (J.-Y.Y.)
| | - Ming Zhou
- Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Natalie R. Gassman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Ming Tan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan (Y.C.); (I.H.I.); (J.-Y.Y.)
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
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Combination of Melatonin and Small Molecules Improved Reprogramming Neural Cell Fates via Autophagy Activation. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2580-2590. [PMID: 34165669 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03382-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Reprogramming cell fates towards mature cell types are a promising cell supply for treating degenerative diseases. Recently, transcription factors and some small molecules have turned into impressive modulating elements for reprogramming cell fates. Melatonin, a pineal hormone, has neuroprotective functions including neural stem cell (NSC) proliferative and differentiative modulation in both embryonic and adult brain. We developed a protocol that could be implemented in the direct reprogramming of human skin fibroblast towards neural cells by using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3) inhibitor (CHIR99021), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), cAMP activator, and melatonin treatment. We found that melatonin enhanced neural-transcription factor genes expressions, including brain-specific homeobox/POU domain protein 2 (BRN2), Achaete-Scute Family BHLH transcription Factor 1 (ASCL1), and Myelin Transcription Factor 1 Like (MYT1L). Melatonin also increased the expression of different neural-specific proteins such as doublecortin (DCX), Sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), and neuronal nuclei (NeuN) compared with other five small molecules (valproic acid (VPA), CHIR99021, Forskolin, 1,9 pyrazoloanthrone (SP600125), and Y-27632) combination in the presence and absence of melatonin. A noticeable upregulation of autophagy proteins (microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC3) and Beclin-1) were seen in the melatonin treatment during the induction period while these were reverted in the presence of L-leucine, an autophagy inhibitor. In addition, the expression of NeuN was also significantly reduced by L-leucine. Collectively, our findings revealed an activation of autophagy during neural induction; melatonin enhanced reprogramming efficiency for neuron induction through the modulation of autophagy activation.
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Lallier M, Marchandet L, Moukengue B, Charrier C, Baud’huin M, Verrecchia F, Ory B, Lamoureux F. Molecular Chaperones in Osteosarcoma: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Issues. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040754. [PMID: 33808130 PMCID: PMC8067202 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common form of primary bone tumor affecting mainly children and young adults. Despite therapeutic progress, the 5-year survival rate is 70%, but it drops drastically to 30% for poor responders to therapies or for patients with metastases. Identifying new therapeutic targets is thus essential. Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) are the main effectors of Heat Shock Response (HSR), the expression of which is induced by stressors. HSPs are a large family of proteins involved in the folding and maturation of other proteins in order to maintain proteostasis. HSP overexpression is observed in many cancers, including breast, prostate, colorectal, lung, and ovarian, as well as OS. In this article we reviewed the significant role played by HSPs in molecular mechanisms leading to OS development and progression. HSPs are directly involved in OS cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, migration, and drug resistance. We focused on HSP27, HSP60, HSP70 and HSP90 and summarized their potential clinical uses in OS as either biomarkers for diagnosis or therapeutic targets. Finally, based on different types of cancer, we consider the advantage of targeting heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), the major transcriptional regulator of HSPs in OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lallier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Louise Marchandet
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Brice Moukengue
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Celine Charrier
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Marc Baud’huin
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- CHU Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France
| | - Franck Verrecchia
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - Benjamin Ory
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
| | - François Lamoureux
- UMR1238, Phy-OS, Sarcomes Osseux et Remodelage des Tissus Calcifiés, INSERM, Université de Nantes, 44035 Nantes, France; (M.L.); (L.M.); (B.M.); (C.C.); (M.B.); (F.V.); (B.O.)
- Correspondence:
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Carpenter RL, Gökmen-Polar Y. HSF1 as a Cancer Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2020; 19:515-524. [PMID: 30338738 DOI: 10.2174/1568009618666181018162117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) was discovered in 1984 as the master regulator of the heat shock response. In this classical role, HSF1 is activated following cellular stresses such as heat shock that ultimately lead to HSF1-mediated expression of heat shock proteins to protect the proteome and survive these acute stresses. However, it is now becoming clear that HSF1 also plays a significant role in several diseases, perhaps none more prominent than cancer. HSF1 appears to have a pleiotropic role in cancer by supporting multiple facets of malignancy including migration, invasion, proliferation, and cancer cell metabolism among others. Because of these functions, and others, of HSF1, it has been investigated as a biomarker for patient outcomes in multiple cancer types. HSF1 expression alone was predictive for patient outcomes in multiple cancer types but in other instances, markers for HSF1 activity were more predictive. Clearly, further work is needed to tease out which markers are most representative of the tumor promoting effects of HSF1. Additionally, there have been several attempts at developing small molecule inhibitors to reduce HSF1 activity. All of these HSF1 inhibitors are still in preclinical models but have shown varying levels of efficacy at suppressing tumor growth. The growth of research related to HSF1 in cancer has been enormous over the last decade with many new functions of HSF1 discovered along the way. In order for these discoveries to reach clinical impact, further development of HSF1 as a biomarker or therapeutic target needs to be continued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Carpenter
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.,Department of Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Yesim Gökmen-Polar
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Yun CW, Kim HJ, Lim JH, Lee SH. Heat Shock Proteins: Agents of Cancer Development and Therapeutic Targets in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010060. [PMID: 31878360 PMCID: PMC7017199 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) constitute a large family of molecular chaperones classified by their molecular weights, and they include HSP27, HSP40, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. HSPs function in diverse physiological and protective processes to assist in maintaining cellular homeostasis. In particular, HSPs participate in protein folding and maturation processes under diverse stressors such as heat shock, hypoxia, and degradation. Notably, HSPs also play essential roles across cancers as they are implicated in a variety of cancer-related activities such as cell proliferation, metastasis, and anti-cancer drug resistance. In this review, we comprehensively discuss the functions of HSPs in association with cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis and anti-cancer therapy resistance. Moreover, the potential utilization of HSPs to enhance the effects of chemo-, radio-, and immunotherapy is explored. Taken together, HSPs have multiple clinical usages as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis as well as the potential therapeutic targets for anti-cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Won Yun
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (C.W.Y.); (H.J.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Hyung Joo Kim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (C.W.Y.); (H.J.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Ji Ho Lim
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (C.W.Y.); (H.J.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Medical Science Research Institute, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul 04401, Korea; (C.W.Y.); (H.J.K.); (J.H.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan 31538, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-709-2029
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Dong B, Jaeger AM, Thiele DJ. Inhibiting Heat Shock Factor 1 in Cancer: A Unique Therapeutic Opportunity. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:986-1005. [PMID: 31727393 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The ability of cancer cells to cope with stressful conditions is critical for their survival, proliferation, and metastasis. The heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) protects cells from stresses such as chemicals, radiation, and temperature. These properties of HSF1 are exploited by a broad spectrum of cancers, which exhibit high levels of nuclear, active HSF1. Functions for HSF1 in malignancy extend well beyond its central role in protein quality control. While HSF1 has been validated as a powerful target in cancers by genetic knockdown studies, HSF1 inhibitors reported to date have lacked sufficient specificity and potency for clinical evaluation. We review the roles of HSF1 in cancer, its potential as a prognostic indicator for cancer treatment, evaluate current HSF1 inhibitors and provide guidelines for the identification of selective HSF1 inhibitors as chemical probes and for clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushu Dong
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alex M Jaeger
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Thiele
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
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Kijima T, Prince T, Neckers L, Koga F, Fujii Y. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1)-targeted anticancer therapeutics: overview of current preclinical progress. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:369-377. [PMID: 30931649 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1602119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) plays a pivotal role in guarding proteome stability or proteostasis by induction of heat shock proteins (HSPs). While HSF1 remains mostly latent in unstressed normal cells, it is constitutively active in malignant cells, rendering them addicted to HSF1 for their growth and survival. HSF1 affects tumorigenesis, cancer progression, and treatment resistance by preserving cancer proteostasis, thus suggesting disruption of HSF1 activity as a potential anticancer strategy. Areas covered: In this review, we focus on the HSF1 activation cycle and its interaction with HSPs, the role of HSF1 in oncogenesis, and development of HSF1-targeted drugs as a potential anticancer therapy for disrupting cancer proteostasis. Expert opinion: HSF1 systematically maintains proteostasis in malignant cancer cells. Although genomic instability is widely accepted as a hallmark of cancer, little is known about the role of proteostasis in cancer. Unveiling the complicated mechanism of HSF1 regulation, particularly in cancer cells, will enable further development of proteostasis-targeted anticancer therapy. ABBREVIATIONS AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; DBD: DNA-binding domain; HR-A/B; HR-C: heptad repeats; HSE: heat shock elements; HSF1: heat shock factor; HSPs: heat shock proteins; HSR: heat shock response; MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; NF1: neurofibromatosis type 1; P-TEFb: positive transcription elongation factor b; RD: regulatory domain; RNAi: RNA interference; TAD: transactivation domain; TRiC: TCP-1 ring complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Kijima
- a Department of Urology , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Thomas Prince
- b Departments of Urology and Molecular Functional Genomics , Geisinger Clinic , Danville , PA , USA
| | - Len Neckers
- c Urologic Oncology Branch , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Fumitaka Koga
- d Department of Urology , Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Fujii
- a Department of Urology , Tokyo Medical and Dental University , Tokyo , Japan
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Small Molecule Inhibitors of HSF1-Activated Pathways as Potential Next-Generation Anticancer Therapeutics. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112757. [PMID: 30356024 PMCID: PMC6278446 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted therapy is an emerging paradigm in the development of next-generation anticancer drugs. Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) has been identified as a promising drug target because it regulates several pathways responsible for cancer cell growth, metastasis, and survival. Studies have clearly demonstrated that HSF1 is an effective drug target. Herein, we provide a concise yet comprehensive and integrated overview of progress in developing small molecule inhibitors of HSF1 as next-generation anticancer chemotherapeutics while critically evaluating their potential and challenges. We believe that this review will provide a better understanding of important concepts helpful for outlining the strategy to develop new chemotherapeutic agents with promising anticancer activities by targeting HSF1.
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Dayalan Naidu S, Dinkova-Kostova AT. Regulation of the mammalian heat shock factor 1. FEBS J 2017; 284:1606-1627. [PMID: 28052564 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Living organisms are endowed with the capability to tackle various forms of cellular stress due to the presence of molecular chaperone machinery complexes that are ubiquitous throughout the cell. During conditions of proteotoxic stress, the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) mediates the elevation of heat shock proteins, which are crucial components of the chaperone complex machinery and function to ameliorate protein misfolding and aggregation and restore protein homeostasis. In addition, HSF1 orchestrates a versatile transcriptional programme that includes genes involved in repair and clearance of damaged macromolecules and maintenance of cell structure and metabolism, and provides protection against a broad range of cellular stress mediators, beyond heat shock. Here, we discuss the structure and function of the mammalian HSF1 and its regulation by post-translational modifications (phosphorylation, sumoylation and acetylation), proteasomal degradation, and small-molecule activators and inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharadha Dayalan Naidu
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Albena T Dinkova-Kostova
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, UK
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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