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Smart A, Gilmer O, Caliskan N. Translation Inhibition Mediated by Interferon-Stimulated Genes during Viral Infections. Viruses 2024; 16:1097. [PMID: 39066259 PMCID: PMC11281336 DOI: 10.3390/v16071097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses often pose a significant threat to the host through the exploitation of cellular machineries for their own benefit. In the context of immune responses, myriad host factors are deployed to target viral RNAs and inhibit viral protein translation, ultimately hampering viral replication. Understanding how "non-self" RNAs interact with the host translation machinery and trigger immune responses would help in the development of treatment strategies for viral infections. In this review, we explore how interferon-stimulated gene products interact with viral RNA and the translation machinery in order to induce either global or targeted translation inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandria Smart
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Orian Gilmer
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
| | - Neva Caliskan
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-Based Infection Research, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HIRI-HZI), Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, 97080 Würzburg, Germany; (A.S.); (O.G.)
- Regensburg Center for Biochemistry (RCB), University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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2
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Abedeera SM, Davila-Calderon J, Haddad C, Henry B, King J, Penumutchu S, Tolbert BS. The Repurposing of Cellular Proteins during Enterovirus A71 Infection. Viruses 2023; 16:75. [PMID: 38257775 PMCID: PMC10821071 DOI: 10.3390/v16010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose a great threat to people's lives. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infects children and infants all over the world with no FDA-approved treatment to date. Understanding the basic mechanisms of viral processes aids in selecting more efficient drug targets and designing more effective antivirals to thwart this virus. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the viral RNA genome is composed of a cloverleaf structure and an internal ribosome entry site (IRES). Cellular proteins that bind to the cloverleaf structure regulate viral RNA synthesis, while those that bind to the IRES also known as IRES trans-acting factors (ITAFs) regulate viral translation. In this review, we survey the cellular proteins currently known to bind the 5'-UTR and influence viral gene expression with emphasis on comparing proteins' functions and localizations pre- and post-(EV-A71) infection. A comprehensive understanding of how the host cell's machinery is hijacked and reprogrammed by the virus to facilitate its replication is crucial for developing effective antivirals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudeshi M. Abedeera
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.A.); (B.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Jesse Davila-Calderon
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.D.-C.); (C.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Christina Haddad
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.D.-C.); (C.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Barrington Henry
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.A.); (B.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Josephine King
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (J.D.-C.); (C.H.); (J.K.)
| | - Srinivasa Penumutchu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.A.); (B.H.); (S.P.)
| | - Blanton S. Tolbert
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (S.M.A.); (B.H.); (S.P.)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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3
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Liu Q, Yi D, Ding J, Mao Y, Wang S, Ma L, Li Q, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Guo S, Liu Z, Guo F, Zhao D, Liang C, Li X, Peng X, Cen S. MOV10 recruits DCP2 to decap human LINE-1 RNA by forming large cytoplasmic granules with phase separation properties. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e56512. [PMID: 37437058 PMCID: PMC10481665 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202256512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Long interspersed element 1 (LINE-1) is the only active autonomous mobile element in the human genome. Its transposition can exert deleterious effects on the structure and function of the host genome and cause sporadic genetic diseases. Tight control of LINE-1 mobilization by the host is crucial for genetic stability. In this study, we report that MOV10 recruits the main decapping enzyme DCP2 to LINE-1 RNA and forms a complex of MOV10, DCP2, and LINE-1 RNP, exhibiting liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) properties. DCP2 cooperates with MOV10 to decap LINE-1 RNA, which causes degradation of LINE-1 RNA and thus reduces LINE-1 retrotransposition. We here identify DCP2 as one of the key effector proteins determining LINE-1 replication, and elucidate an LLPS mechanism that facilitates the anti-LINE-1 action of MOV10 and DCP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Dongrong Yi
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Yang Mao
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Shujie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Quanjie Li
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Yongxin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Saisai Guo
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen BiologyChinese Academy of Medical ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Dongbing Zhao
- National Cancer CenterChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
| | - Xiaozhong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center, Neuroscience Center, Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesSchool of Basic Medicine Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal BiotechnologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical SchoolBeijingChina
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4
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Wang L, Guzmán M, Sola I, Enjuanes L, Zuñiga S. Cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes, RNA helicases and coronavirus infection. FRONTIERS IN VIROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fviro.2022.1078454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA metabolism in the eukaryotic cell includes the formation of ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNPs) that, depending on their protein components, have a different function. Cytoplasmic RNPs, such as stress granules (SGs) or P-bodies (PBs) are quite relevant during infections modulating viral and cellular RNA expression and as key players in the host cell antiviral response. RNA helicases are abundant components of RNPs and could have a significant effect on viral infection. This review focuses in the role that RNPs and RNA helicases have during coronavirus (CoVs) infection. CoVs are emerging highly pathogenic viruses with a large single-stranded RNA genome. During CoV infection, a complex network of RNA-protein interactions in different RNP structures is established. In general, RNA helicases and RNPs have an antiviral function, but there is limited knowledge on whether the viral protein interactions with cell components are mediators of this antiviral effect or are part of the CoV antiviral counteraction mechanism. Additional data is needed to elucidate the role of these RNA-protein interactions during CoV infection and their potential contribution to viral replication or pathogenesis.
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Kleer M, Mulloy RP, Robinson CA, Evseev D, Bui-Marinos MP, Castle EL, Banerjee A, Mubareka S, Mossman K, Corcoran JA. Human coronaviruses disassemble processing bodies. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010724. [PMID: 35998203 PMCID: PMC9439236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysregulated proinflammatory cytokine response is characteristic of severe coronavirus infections caused by SARS-CoV-2, yet our understanding of the underlying mechanism responsible for this imbalanced immune response remains incomplete. Processing bodies (PBs) are cytoplasmic membraneless ribonucleoprotein granules that control innate immune responses by mediating the constitutive decay or suppression of mRNA transcripts, including many that encode proinflammatory cytokines. PB formation promotes turnover or suppression of cytokine RNAs, whereas PB disassembly corresponds with the increased stability and/or translation of these cytokine RNAs. Many viruses cause PB disassembly, an event that can be viewed as a switch that rapidly relieves cytokine RNA repression and permits the infected cell to respond to viral infection. Prior to this submission, no information was known about how human coronaviruses (CoVs) impacted PBs. Here, we show SARS-CoV-2 and the common cold CoVs, OC43 and 229E, induced PB loss. We screened a SARS-CoV-2 gene library and identified that expression of the viral nucleocapsid (N) protein from SARS-CoV-2 was sufficient to mediate PB disassembly. RNA fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that transcripts encoding TNF and IL-6 localized to PBs in control cells. PB loss correlated with the increased cytoplasmic localization of these transcripts in SARS-CoV-2 N protein-expressing cells. Ectopic expression of the N proteins from five other human coronaviruses (OC43, MERS, 229E, NL63 and SARS-CoV) did not cause significant PB disassembly, suggesting that this feature is unique to SARS-CoV-2 N protein. These data suggest that SARS-CoV-2-mediated PB disassembly contributes to the dysregulation of proinflammatory cytokine production observed during severe SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Kleer
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Rory P. Mulloy
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carolyn-Ann Robinson
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Danyel Evseev
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Maxwell P. Bui-Marinos
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Elizabeth L. Castle
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arinjay Banerjee
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo; Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karen Mossman
- Department of Medicine, Master University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Corcoran
- Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases Department, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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6
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Yang X, Xiang Z, Sun Z, Ji F, Ren K, Pan D. Host MOV10 is induced to restrict herpes simplex virus 1 lytic infection by promoting type I interferon response. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010301. [PMID: 35157734 PMCID: PMC8880913 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Moloney leukemia virus 10 protein (MOV10) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible RNA helicase implicated in antiviral activity against RNA viruses, yet its role in herpesvirus infection has not been investigated. After corneal inoculation of mice with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), we observed strong upregulation of both MOV10 mRNA and protein in acutely infected mouse trigeminal ganglia. MOV10 suppressed HSV-1 replication in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells, and this suppression required the N-terminus, but not C-terminal helicase domain of MOV10. MOV10 repressed expression of the viral gene ICP0 in transfected cells, but suppressed HSV-1 replication independently of ICP0. MOV10 increased expression of type I IFN in HSV-1 infected cells with little effect on IFN downstream signaling. Treating the cells with IFN-α or an inhibitor of the IFN receptor eliminated MOV10 suppression of HSV-1 replication. MOV10 enhanced IFN production stimulated by cytoplasmic RNA rather than DNA. IKKε co-immunoprecipitated with MOV10 and was required for MOV10 restriction of HSV-1 replication. Mass spectrometry identified ICP27 as a viral protein interacting with MOV10. Co-immunoprecipitation results suggested that this interaction depended on the RGG box of ICP27 and both termini of MOV10. Overexpressed ICP27, but not its RGG-Box deletion mutant, rendered MOV10 unable to regulate HSV-1 replication and type I IFN production. In summary, MOV10 is induced to restrict HSV-1 lytic infection by promoting the type I IFN response through an IKKε-mediated RNA sensing pathway, and its activity is potentially antagonized by ICP27 in an RGG box dependent manner. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous DNA virus that can cause various human diseases. Upon HSV-1 invasion, the host elicited the type I interferon (IFN) response as the first line of defense, in which numerous host factors are induced to restrict viral infection, yet our knowledge about these restriction factors remains limited. Here we show that during HSV-1 acute infection Moloney leukemia virus 10 protein (MOV10) was induced to restrict HSV-1 productive infection. MOV10 restricted HSV-1 replication by promoting type I IFN production through an IKKε-mediated RNA sensing pathway. Moreover, we identified ICP27 as a viral protein that can interact with MOV10 and antagonize its antiviral activity. Thus we establish MOV10 as a host restriction factor against a herpesvirus for the first time and expand our knowledge about how viral and host proteins modulate the IFN response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zeyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feiyang Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keyi Ren
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongli Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are emergent pathogens that may cause life-threatening respiratory diseases in humans. Understanding of CoV-host interactions may help to identify novel therapeutic targets. MOV10 is an RNA helicase involved in different steps of cellular RNA metabolism. Both MOV10 antiviral and proviral activities have been described in a limited number of viruses, but this protein has not been previously associated with CoVs. We found that during Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection, MOV10 aggregated in cytoplasmic structures colocalizing with viral nucleocapsid (N) protein. MOV10-N interaction was confirmed by endogenous MOV10 coimmunoprecipitation, and the presence of other cellular proteins was also detected in MOV10 complexes. MOV10 silencing significantly increased both N protein accumulation and virus titer, with no changes in the accumulation of viral RNAs. Moreover, MOV10 overexpression caused a 10-fold decrease in viral titers. These data indicated that MOV10 has antiviral activity during MERS-CoV infection. We postulated that this activity could be mediated by viral RNA sequestration, and in fact, RNA immunoprecipitation data showed the presence of viral RNAs in the MOV10 cytoplasmic complexes. Expression of wild-type MOV10 or of a MOV10 mutant without helicase activity in MOV10 knockout cell lines, developed by CRISPR-Cas technology, indicated that the helicase activity of MOV10 was required for its antiviral effect. Interestingly MOV10-N interaction was conserved in other mildly or highly pathogenic human CoVs, including the recently emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), although MOV10 antiviral activity was found only in highly pathogenic CoVs, suggesting a potential role of MOV10 in the modulation of human CoVs pathogenesis.
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8
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Castle EL, Robinson CA, Douglas P, Rinker KD, Corcoran JA. Viral Manipulation of a Mechanoresponsive Signaling Axis Disassembles Processing Bodies. Mol Cell Biol 2021; 41:e0039921. [PMID: 34516278 PMCID: PMC8547432 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00399-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing bodies (PBs) are ribonucleoprotein granules important for cytokine mRNA decay that are targeted for disassembly by many viruses. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus is the etiological agent of the inflammatory endothelial cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, and a PB-regulating virus. The virus encodes kaposin B (KapB), which induces actin stress fibers (SFs) and cell spindling as well as PB disassembly. We now show that KapB-mediated PB disassembly requires actin rearrangements, RhoA effectors, and the mechanoresponsive transcription activator, YAP. Moreover, ectopic expression of active YAP or exposure of ECs to mechanical forces caused PB disassembly in the absence of KapB. We propose that the viral protein KapB activates a mechanoresponsive signaling axis and links changes in cell shape and cytoskeletal structures to enhanced inflammatory molecule expression using PB disassembly. Our work implies that cytoskeletal changes in other pathologies may similarly impact the inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth L. Castle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Carolyn-Ann Robinson
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Pauline Douglas
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Kristina D. Rinker
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering and Centre for Bioengineering Research and Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer A. Corcoran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Charbonneau Cancer Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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9
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Enterovirus 71 infection induced Aquaporin-4 depolarization by increasing matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity. Neurosci Lett 2021; 759:136049. [PMID: 34126180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the key water channel protein that regulates brain water homeostasis. Polarized expression of AQP4 on the astroglial endfeet facilitates its role in bi-directional brain water flux control. In the current study, we found that enterovirus 71 (EV71) infection induced depolarization of AQP4 in mouse brain, and demonstrated that β-dystroglycan (β-DG), the key component of dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) that anchors AQP4 to the astroglial endfeet, was degraded upon infection. Elevated activity or expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) upon infection was found in both mouse brains and patient cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Inhibiting MMP9 activity by SB-3CT rescued the decay of β-DG and reduced the depolarization of AQP4. Brain edema induced by viral infection was also ameliorated by SB-3CT treatment in mice.
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10
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Induction of SOCS Expression by EV71 Infection Promotes EV71 Replication. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2430640. [PMID: 32149091 PMCID: PMC7054758 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2430640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the causative pathogen of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). However, no effective antiviral therapy is currently available. Some viruses could escape the host's innate immunity by upregulating suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins. Until now, whether EV71 evades the host immune system by regulating the expression of SOCS proteins remains unknown. In this study, we found that EV71 infection promoted SOCS expression at both mRNA and protein levels in vitro and in vivo. Consistently, the infectivity of EV71 was decreased significantly in the SOCS3 or SOCS1 knockdown cells, suggesting that SOCS1 and especially SOCS3 are crucial for EV71 infection. Further investigation showed that SOCS3 promoted virus infection by inhibiting interferon-induced STAT3 phosphorylation. SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA expressions were independent on virus-induced type I interferon expression but were blocked by the inhibitor of NF-κB. Therefore, EV71 infection stimulates the expression of SOCS proteins in an interferon-independent way and negatively regulates the JAK/STAT signaling pathway, thus escaping host immunity. All these results may add new information to the mechanism of EV71 in fighting against type I interferon responses.
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11
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Gaete-Argel A, Márquez CL, Barriga GP, Soto-Rifo R, Valiente-Echeverría F. Strategies for Success. Viral Infections and Membraneless Organelles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:336. [PMID: 31681621 PMCID: PMC6797609 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of RNA homeostasis or “RNAstasis” is a central step in eukaryotic gene expression. From transcription to decay, cellular messenger RNAs (mRNAs) associate with specific proteins in order to regulate their entire cycle, including mRNA localization, translation and degradation, among others. The best characterized of such RNA-protein complexes, today named membraneless organelles, are Stress Granules (SGs) and Processing Bodies (PBs) which are involved in RNA storage and RNA decay/storage, respectively. Given that SGs and PBs are generally associated with repression of gene expression, viruses have evolved different mechanisms to counteract their assembly or to use them in their favor to successfully replicate within the host environment. In this review we summarize the current knowledge about the viral regulation of SGs and PBs, which could be a potential novel target for the development of broad-spectrum antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelly Gaete-Argel
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Chantal L Márquez
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo P Barriga
- Emerging Viruses Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Soto-Rifo
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Valiente-Echeverría
- Molecular and Cellular Virology Laboratory, Virology Program, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,HIV/AIDS Workgroup, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Wang H, Li Y. Recent Progress on Functional Genomics Research of Enterovirus 71. Virol Sin 2018; 34:9-21. [PMID: 30552635 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-018-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main pathogens that causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). HFMD caused by EV71 infection is mostly self-limited; however, some infections can cause severe neurological diseases, such as aseptic meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, and even death. There are still no effective clinical drugs used for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Studying EV71 protein function is essential for elucidating the EV71 replication process and developing anti-EV71 drugs and vaccines. In this review, we summarized the recent progress in the studies of EV71 non-coding regions (5' UTR and 3' UTR) and all structural and nonstructural proteins, especially the key motifs involving in viral infection, replication, and immune regulation. This review will promote our understanding of EV71 virus replication and pathogenesis, and will facilitate the development of novel drugs or vaccines to treat EV71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China. .,NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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13
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Thukral V, Varshney B, Ramly RB, Ponia SS, Mishra SK, Olsen CM, Banerjea AC, Mukherjee SK, Zaidi R, Rimstad E, Lal SK. s8ORF2 protein of infectious salmon anaemia virus is a RNA-silencing suppressor and interacts with Salmon salar Mov10 (SsMov10) of the host RNAi machinery. Virus Genes 2017; 54:199-214. [PMID: 29218433 PMCID: PMC7089075 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a piscine virus, a member of Orthomyxoviridae family. It encodes at least 10 proteins from eight negative-strand RNA segments. Since ISAV belongs to the same virus family as Influenza A virus, with similarities in protein functions, they may hence be characterised by analogy. Like NS1 protein of Influenza A virus, s8ORF2 of ISAV is implicated in interferon antagonism and RNA-binding functions. In this study, we investigated the role of s8ORF2 in RNAi suppression in a well-established Agrobacterium transient suppression assay in stably silenced transgenic Nicotiana xanthi. In addition, s8ORF2 was identified as a novel interactor with SsMov10, a key molecule responsible for RISC assembly and maturation in the RNAi pathway. This study thus sheds light on a novel route undertaken by viral proteins in promoting viral growth, using the host RNAi machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Thukral
- Virology & Plant Molecular Biology Groups, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Bhavna Varshney
- Virology & Plant Molecular Biology Groups, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rimatulhana B Ramly
- Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sanket S Ponia
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sumona Karjee Mishra
- Virology & Plant Molecular Biology Groups, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India.,Prantae Solutions Pvt. Ltd., KIIT-Campus 11, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Christel M Olsen
- Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Akhil C Banerjea
- Department of Virology, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sunil K Mukherjee
- Virology & Plant Molecular Biology Groups, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Rana Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Norwegian University of Life Science, P.O. Box 8146 Dep., 0033, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sunil K Lal
- Virology & Plant Molecular Biology Groups, International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Road, New Delhi, 110067, India. .,School of Science, Monash University, Sunway Campus, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
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