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Recent advances on the piezoelectric, electrochemical, and optical biosensors for the detection of protozoan pathogens. Trends Analyt Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2022.116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Arshad R, Sargazi S, Fatima I, Mobashar A, Rahdar A, Ajalli N, Kyzas GZ. Nanotechnology for Therapy of Zoonotic Diseases: A Comprehensive Overview. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202201271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Arshad
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases Zahedan University of Medical Sciences Zahedan 98167-43463 Iran
| | - Iqra Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Aisha Mobashar
- Faculty of Pharmacy University of Lahore Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Abbas Rahdar
- Department of Physics University of Zabol Zabol P. O. Box. 98613–35856 Iran
| | - Narges Ajalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - George Z. Kyzas
- Department of Chemistry International Hellenic University Kavala Greece
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Kumari D, Perveen S, Sharma R, Singh K. Advancement in leishmaniasis diagnosis and therapeutics: An update. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 910:174436. [PMID: 34428435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is regarded as a neglected tropical disease by World Health Organization (WHO) and is ranked next to malaria as the deadliest protozoan disease. The primary causative agents of the disease comprise of diverse leishmanial species sharing clinical features ranging from skin abrasions to lethal infection in the visceral organs. As several Leishmania species are involved in infection, the role of accurate diagnosis becomes pivotal in adding new dimensions to anti-leishmanial therapy. Diagnostic methods must be fast, reliable, easy to perform, highly sensitive, and specific to differentiate among similar parasitic diseases. Herein, we present the conventional and recent approaches impended for the disease diagnosis and their sensitivity, specificity, and clinical application in parasite detection. Furthermore, we have also elaborated various new methods to cure leishmaniasis, which include host-directed therapies, drug repurposing, nanotechnology, and combinational therapy. This review addresses novel techniques and innovations in leishmaniasis, which can aid in unraveling new strategies to fight against the deadly infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Kumari
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kuljit Singh
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Kammona O, Tsanaktsidou E. Nanotechnology-aided diagnosis, treatment and prevention of leishmaniasis. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120761. [PMID: 34081999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a prevalent parasitic infection belonging to neglected tropical diseases. It is caused by Leishmania protozoan parasites transmitted by sandflies and it is responsible for increased morbidity/mortality especially in low- and middle-income countries. The lack of cheap, portable, easy to use diagnostic tools exhibiting high efficiency and specificity impede the early diagnosis of the disease. Furthermore, the typical anti-leishmanial agents are cytotoxic, characterized by low patient compliance and require long-term regimen and usually hospitalization. In addition, due to the intracellular nature of the disease, the existing treatments exhibit low bioavailability resulting in low therapeutic efficacy. The above, combined with the common development of resistance against the anti-leishmanial agents, denote the urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the lack of effective prophylactic vaccines hinders the control of the disease. The development of nanoparticle-based biosensors and nanocarrier-aided treatment and vaccination strategies could advance the diagnosis, therapy and prevention of leishmaniasis. The present review intends to highlight the various nanotechnology-based approaches pursued until now to improve the detection of Leishmania species in biological samples, decrease the side effects and increase the efficacy of anti-leishmanial drugs, and induce enhanced immune responses, specifically focusing on the outcome of their preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kammona
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Evgenia Tsanaktsidou
- Chemical Process and Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, P.O. Box 60361, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Gedda MR, Madhukar P, Shukla A, Mudavath SL, Srivastava ON, Singh OP, Sundar S. Nanodiagnostics in leishmaniasis: A new frontiers for early elimination. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 13:e1675. [PMID: 33142369 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is still a major public health concern in developing countries having the highest outbreak and mortality potential. While the treatment of VL has greatly improved in recent times, the current diagnostic tools are limited for use in the post-elimination setting. Although conventional serological methods of detection are rapid, they can only differentiate between active disease in strict combination with clinical criteria, and thus are not sufficient enough to diagnose relapse patients. Therefore, there is a dire need for a portable, authentic, and reliable assay that does not require large space, specialized instrument facilities, or highly trained laboratory personnel and can be carried out in primary health care settings. Advances in the nanodiagnostic approaches have led to the expansion of new frontiers in the concerned area. The nanosized particles are blessed with an ability to interact one-on-one with the biomolecules because of their unique optical and physicochemical properties and high surface area to volume ratio. Biomolecular detection systems based on nanoparticles (NPs) are cost-effective, rapid, nongel, non-PCR, and nonculture based that provide fast, one-step, and reliable results with acceptable sensitivity and specificity. In this review, we discuss different NPs that are being used for the identification of molecular markers and other biomarkers, such as toxins and antigens associated with leishmaniasis. The most promising diagnostic approaches have been included in the article, and the ability of biomolecular recognition, advantages, and disadvantages have been discussed in detail to showcase the enormous potential of nanodiagnostics in human and veterinary medicine. This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India.,Center for Cellular Engineering, NIH Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Prasoon Madhukar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ashish Shukla
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Biology Laboratory, Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Onkar Nath Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Om Prakash Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kumar P, Shivam P, Mandal S, Prasanna P, Kumar S, Prasad SR, Kumar A, Das P, Ali V, Singh SK, Mandal D. Synthesis, characterization, and mechanistic studies of a gold nanoparticle-amphotericin B covalent conjugate with enhanced antileishmanial efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:6073-6101. [PMID: 31686803 PMCID: PMC6709383 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s196421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amphotericin B (AmB) as a liposomal formulation of AmBisome is the first line of treatment for the disease, visceral leishmaniasis, caused by the parasite Leishmania donovani. However, nephrotoxicity is very common due to poor water solubility and aggregation of AmB. This study aimed to develop a water-soluble covalent conjugate of gold nanoparticle (GNP) with AmB for improved antileishmanial efficacy and reduced cytotoxicity. Methods Citrate-reduced GNPs (~39 nm) were functionalized with lipoic acid (LA), and the product GNP-LA (GL ~46 nm) was covalently conjugated with AmB using carboxyl-to-amine coupling chemistry to produce GNP-LA-AmB (GL-AmB ~48 nm). The nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and spectroscopic (ultraviolet–visible and infrared) methods. Experiments on AmB uptake of macrophages, ergosterol depletion of drug-treated parasites, cytokine ELISA, fluorescence anisotropy, flow cytometry, and gene expression studies established efficacy of GL-AmB over standard AmB. Results Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a covalent amide bond in the conjugate. TEM images showed uniform size with smooth surfaces of GL-AmB nanoparticles. Efficiency of AmB conjugation was ~78%. Incubation in serum for 72 h showed <7% AmB release, indicating high stability of conjugate GL-AmB. GL-AmB with AmB equivalents showed ~5-fold enhanced antileishmanial activity compared with AmB against parasite-infected macrophages ex vivo. Macrophages treated with GL-AmB showed increased immunostimulatory Th1 (IL-12 and interferon-γ) response compared with standard AmB. In parallel, AmB uptake was ~5.5 and ~3.7-fold higher for GL-AmB-treated (P<0.001) macrophages within 1 and 2 h of treatment, respectively. The ergosterol content in GL-AmB-treated parasites was ~2-fold reduced compared with AmB-treated parasites. Moreover, GL-AmB was significantly less cytotoxic and hemolytic than AmB (P<0.01). Conclusion GNP-based delivery of AmB can be a better, cheaper, and safer alternative than available AmB formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, India
| | - Pushkar Shivam
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Saptarshi Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Pragya Prasanna
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, India
| | - Surendra Rajit Prasad
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Prolay Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India
| | - Vahab Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Shubhankar Kumar Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, India
| | - Debabrata Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) - Hajipur, Vaishali, India
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Oliveira FAF, Fernandes Forte CP, Silva PGDB, Lopes CDB, Montenegro RC, Dos Santos ÂKCR, Mota MRL, Sousa FB, Alves APNN. Relationship of Streptococcus mutans with valvar cardiac tissue: A molecular and immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med 2019; 48:745-753. [PMID: 31323147 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to investigate the presence or absence of Streptococcus mutans in oral cavity and valvular samples associating with the histomorphologic alterations of calcified aortic stenosis. METHODOLOGY Dental plaque and cardiac valve samples were collected from 10 patients with calcified aortic stenosis for molecular analysis of S mutans by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Healthy valve tissue was also collected from five young cadavers and analyzed for S mutans. Moreover, fragments of all valvar specimens were submitted for histomorphological analysis and immunohistochemistry (anti-S mutans and anti-CD61). RESULTS Streptococcus mutans was present in 100% of the oral cavity samples from the patients with calcified aortic stenosis in the molecular analysis. The analysis by real-time PCR showed that S mutans presented the same proportion in healthy valves and those with calcified aortic stenosis (80%; P = 1.000). Conversely, the immunoexpression of S mutans was 37.40 (IC95% = 1.49-937.00) times superior in samples of patients with cardiac disease (P = .007). The immunoexpression analysis showed that CD61 was present in seven (70%) calcified aortic stenosis samples, all of which were also immunopositive for S mutans. CONCLUSIONS Streptococcus mutans was found in the oral cavity, healthy valve tissue, and calcified aortic stenosis samples. However, the microorganism was visualized by immunohistochemistry only in the calcified aortic stenosis samples, which may suggest viability and an increased bacterial density in this condition. The association of the presence of S mutans and positive CD61 immunoexpression suggests a probable relationship with calcified aortic stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Artur Forte Oliveira
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Camile de Barros Lopes
- Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics, Graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | - Raquel Carvalho Montenegro
- Department of Human Cytogenetics, School of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Para, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Mário Rogério Lima Mota
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Bitu Sousa
- Department of Stomatology and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.,Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Singh OP, Gedda MR, Mudavath SL, Srivastava ON, Sundar S. Envisioning the innovations in nanomedicine to combat visceral leishmaniasis: for future theranostic application. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2019; 14:1911-1927. [PMID: 31313971 PMCID: PMC7006826 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2018-0448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a life-threatening parasitic disease affecting impoverished people of the developing world; and much effort has been spent on the early case detection and treatment. However, current diagnostics and treatment options are not sufficient for appropriate surveillance in VL elimination setting. Hence, there is a dire need to develop highly sensitive diagnostics and less toxic effective treatments for proper management of cases and to achieve the sustained disease elimination. Although, promising results have been observed with nanomedicines in leishmaniasis; there are great challenges ahead especially in translating this to clinical setting. This review provides updated progress of nanomedicines in VL, and discussed how these innovations and future directions play vital role in achieving VL elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Om Prakash Singh
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mallikarjuna Rao Gedda
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Lal Mudavath
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
- Department of Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science & Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Onkar Nath Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Infectious Disease Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Kumar P, Bose PP. Visual Detection ofLeishmania donovaniandLeptomonas seymouriin Co-Infected Samples by Their Specific DNA Biomarker and Gold Nanoparticle. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Partha Pratim Bose
- Amity Institute of Applied Sciences (AIAS); Amity University; Noida India
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Bose PP, Kumar P. High-throughput clone screening followed by protein expression cross-check: A visual assay platform. Anal Biochem 2017; 516:48-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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