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Tang T, Lu T, Li B, Zhou Y, Huang L, Zhang L, Chen Y, Li H. Deletion of vitamin D receptor exacerbated temporomandibular joint pathological changes under abnormal mechanical stimulation. Life Sci 2024; 353:122913. [PMID: 39004274 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Temporomandibular disorder can cause degenerative pathological changes by aseptic inflammation in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Vitamin D (VD) is known for maintaining calcium homeostasis, and recent studies indicated that VD and the vitamin D receptor (VDR) are important in inflammatory responses. In this study, we explored the anti-inflammatory effect of VD-VDR signaling axis in TMJ pathological degeneration. MAIN METHODS Mice ablated for Vdr (Vdr-/-res) were fed with a rescue diet to avoid hypocalcemia. With abnormal mechanical stimulation, unilateral anterior crossbite (UAC) induced temporomandibular disorders in mice. Histological staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and micro-CT analysis were performed to evaluate TMJ pathological changes. To identify the mechanisms in the aseptic inflammatory process, in vitro experiments were conducted on wild-type (WT) and Vdr-/- chondrocytes with compressive mechanical stress loading, and the related inflammatory markers were examined. KEY FINDINGS Vdr-/-res mice did not develop rickets with a high calcium rescue diet. The TMJ cartilage thickness in Vdr-/-res mice was significantly decreased with mechanical stress stimulation compared to WT mice. UAC-induced bone resorption was obvious, and the number of osteoclasts significantly increased in Vdr-/-res mice. The proliferation was inhibited and the gene expression of Il1b, Mmp3, and Mmp13 was significantly increased in Vdr-/- chondrocytes. However, WT chondrocytes showed significantly increased Tnfa gene expression as a response to mechanical stress but not in Vdr-/- chondrocytes. SIGNIFICANCE VD-VDR is crucial in TMJ pathological changes under abnormal mechanical stimulation. Deletion of Vdr exacerbated inflammatory response excluding TNFα, inhibited chondrocyte proliferation, and promoted bone resorption in TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China; Division of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London NW3 2PF, UK.
| | - Tong Lu
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Baochao Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Ling Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Yunzi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
| | - Huang Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Joko Y, Yamamoto Y, Kato S, Takemoto T, Abe M, Matsumoto T, Fukumoto S, Sawatsubashi S. VDR is an essential regulator of hair follicle regression through the progression of cell death. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202302014. [PMID: 37673445 PMCID: PMC10485823 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202302014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is essential for hair follicle homeostasis as its deficiency induces hair loss, although the mechanism involved remains unknown. Our research shows that, in Vdr-knockout mice, the hair cycle is halted during the catagen stage, preceding alopecia. In addition, in Vdr-knockout hair follicles, epithelial strands that normally regress during the catagen phase persist as "surviving epithelial strands." Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis suggests that these surviving epithelial strands are formed by cells in the lower part of the hair follicle. These findings emphasize the importance of the regression phase in hair follicle regeneration and establish VDR as a regulator of the catagen stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Joko
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yoko Yamamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Kato
- Graduate School of Life Science and Technology, Iryo Sosei University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takemoto
- Laboratory for Embryology, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Masahiro Abe
- Department of Hematology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsumoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Seiji Fukumoto
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Shun Sawatsubashi
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, Fujii Memorial Institute of Medical Sciences, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Research and Innovation Liaison Office, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
- Laboratory of Integrative Nuclear Dynamics, Institute of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Andrographolide derivative as antagonist of vitamin D receptor to induce lipidation of microtubule associate protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116505. [PMID: 34781081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Lipidation of microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) is the critical step in autophagosome formation, numerous efforts have been made to design and develop small molecules that trigger LC3 lipidation to activate autophagy. In this study, we discovered a series of andrographolide derivatives as potent antagonists of vitamin D receptor (VDR) by luciferase reporter assay. Structure-activity-relationship study revealed that andrographolide derivative ZAV-12 specifically inhibited VDR signaling but not NF-κB or STAT3 activation. Western blot analysis indicates that ZAV-12 markedly triggered lipidation of LC3 in MPP+-induced Parkinsonism in vitro in an mTOR-independent manner. The ZAV-12 triggered lipidation was mediated through SREBP2 activation instead of changing expression levels of lipid synthesis genes. Furthermore, ZAV-12 treatment increased the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I and oligomerization of A53T α-synuclein (SNCA) in SNCA triggered neurotoxicity. Taken together, these results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of VDR antagonist as novel drug candidate for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Yasuda K, Nishikawa M, Mano H, Takano M, Kittaka A, Ikushiro S, Sakaki T. Development of In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation Systems for Vitamin D Derivatives and Their Application to Drug Discovery. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111839. [PMID: 34769269 PMCID: PMC8584323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed an in vitro system to easily examine the affinity for vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP24A1-mediated metabolism as two methods of assessing vitamin D derivatives. Vitamin D derivatives with high VDR affinity and resistance to CYP24A1-mediated metabolism could be good therapeutic agents. This system can effectively select vitamin D derivatives with these useful properties. We have also developed an in vivo system including a Cyp27b1-gene-deficient rat (a type I rickets model), a Vdr-gene-deficient rat (a type II rickets model), and a rat with a mutant Vdr (R270L) (another type II rickets model) using a genome editing method. For Cyp27b1-gene-deficient and Vdr mutant (R270L) rats, amelioration of rickets symptoms can be used as an index of the efficacy of vitamin D derivatives. Vdr-gene-deficient rats can be used to assess the activities of vitamin D derivatives specialized for actions not mediated by VDR. One of our original vitamin D derivatives, which displays high affinity VDR binding and resistance to CYP24A1-dependent metabolism, has shown good therapeutic effects in Vdr (R270L) rats, although further analysis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan; (M.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Hiroki Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.)
| | - Masashi Takano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (M.T.); (A.K.)
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan; (M.N.); (S.I.)
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu 939-0398, Toyama, Japan; (K.Y.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Yin L, Mao Y, Zhou Y, Shen Y, Chen H, Zhou W, Jin Y, Huang H, Yu Y, Wang J. A retrospective study of nine patients with progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia: to explore early diagnosis and further treatment. Clin Rheumatol 2021; 41:877-888. [PMID: 34674084 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-021-05959-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Most patients with progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) are initially misdiagnosed because of disease rarity and lack of awareness by most clinicians. The purpose of this study was to provide further early diagnostic options and potential treatment to patients with PPRD. METHODS A retrospective study was performed by collecting and organizing clinical manifestations, radiographic features, laboratory test results, genetic test outcome, treatment, and follow-up records of the patients with PPRD. Age of diagnosis and genotype-phenotype correlation were further analyzed. RESULTS Nine PPRD children with causative CCN6 mutation were included. There were 3 pairs of siblings and 1 patient from inbred family. Five patients were primarily misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The interval between onset of symptoms and definite diagnosis of 8 patients varied from 3.6 to 20 years. Symptoms at the onset included enlarged and stiff interphalangeal joints of the fingers, gait disturbance, or joint pain. Laboratory tests revealed normal range of inflammatory parameters. Radiographic findings disclosed different degrees of abnormal vertebral bodies and epiphyseal enlargement of the interphalangeal joints. After the treatment of calcitriol in 5 patients with low level 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 for around 1.25 years to 1.75 years, 2 patients kept stable, while 3 of them improved gradually. CONCLUSIONS Combining the patient's family history, clinical features, normal inflammatory markers, and the characteristic radiographic findings, the clinical diagnosis of PPRD for the patients could be obtained at very early stage of the disease. The patients with PPRD carrying c.624dupA variant in CCN6 may have delayed onset. Underlying vitamin D deficiency should be sought and corrected in patients with PPRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China. .,Special Consultation Clinic for Rare and Complicated Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Youying Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfang Zhou
- Special Consultation Clinic for Rare and Complicated Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yongnian Shen
- Special Consultation Clinic for Rare and Complicated Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Huijin Chen
- Special Consultation Clinic for Rare and Complicated Diseases, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanliang Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Hua Huang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1678 Dongfang Road, Shanghai, 200127, People's Republic of China.
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Kikuyama T, Susa T, Tamamori-Adachi M, Iizuka M, Akimoto M, Okinaga H, Fujigaki Y, Uchida S, Shibata S, Okazaki T. 25(OH)D 3 stimulates the expression of vitamin D target genes in renal tubular cells when Cyp27b1 is abrogated. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 199:105593. [PMID: 31945466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it was reported that 25(OH)D3 (25D3) has physiological bioactivity in certain tissues derived from Cyp27b1 knockout mice. To investigate the function of 25D3 in the kidney as an informational crossroad of various calciotropic substances, we employed the CRISPR-Cas9 system to knock out Cyp27b1 in the mouse renal distal tubular mDCT cell line. Unlike the previously reported mice in which Cyp27b1 was targeted systemically, Cyp27b1 knockout mDCT cells did not produce any measurable 1α,25(OH)2D3 (1,25D3) after 25D3 administration. As was seen with treatment of Cyp27b1 knockout mDCT cells with ≥10-8 M of 1,25D3, the administration of 10-7 M of 25D3 translocated the vitamin D3 receptor (VDR) into the nucleus and promoted the expression of the representative 1,25D3-responsive gene Cyp24a1. The exhaustive target gene profiles of 25D3 were similar to those of 1,25D3. Subsequently, we confirmed that 25D3 induced the expression of the calcium reabsorption-related gene calbindin-D9K, in a way similar to 1,25D3. We also found that 1,25D3 and 25D3 induced the expression of the megalin gene. A chromatin immunoprecipitation assay identified two vitamin D response elements in the upstream region of the megalin gene that seemed to contribute to its expression. Together, we surmise that the ability of 25D3 to stimulate VDR target genes may provide a novel perspective for its role in certain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kikuyama
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Susa
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | - Masayoshi Iizuka
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Akimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Okinaga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Fujigaki
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunya Uchida
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Shibata
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Okazaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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7
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Williams EAJ, Douard V, Sugimoto K, Inui H, Devime F, Zhang X, Kishida K, Ferraris RP, Fritton JC. Bone Growth is Influenced by Fructose in Adolescent Male Mice Lacking Ketohexokinase (KHK). Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 106:541-552. [PMID: 31996963 PMCID: PMC9466006 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00663-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fructose is metabolized in the cytoplasm by the enzyme ketohexokinase (KHK), and excessive consumption may affect bone health. Previous work in calcium-restricted, growing mice demonstrated that fructose disrupted intestinal calcium transport. Thus, we hypothesized that the observed effects on bone were dependent on fructose metabolism and took advantage of a KHK knockout (KO) model to assess direct effects of high plasma fructose on the long bones of growing mice. Four groups (n = 12) of 4-week-old, male, C57Bl/6 background, congenic mice with intact KHK (wild-type, WT) or global knockout of both isoforms of KHK-A/C (KHK-KO), were fed 20% glucose (control diet) or fructose for 8 weeks. Dietary fructose increased by 40-fold plasma fructose in KHK-KO compared to the other three groups (p < 0.05). Obesity (no differences in epididymal fat or body weight) or altered insulin was not observed in either genotype. The femurs of KHK-KO mice with the highest levels of plasma fructose were shorter (2%). Surprisingly, despite the long-term blockade of KHK, fructose feeding resulted in greater bone mineral density, percent volume, and number of trabeculae as measured by µCT in the distal femur of KHK-KO. Moreover, higher plasma fructose concentrations correlated with greater trabecular bone volume, greater work-to-fracture in three-point bending of the femur mid-shaft, and greater plasma sclerostin. Since the metabolism of fructose is severely inhibited in the KHK-KO condition, our data suggest mechanism(s) that alter bone growth may be related to the plasma concentration of fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edek A J Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Veronique Douard
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | | | - Hiroshi Inui
- Center for Research and Development of Bioresources & Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Health and Human Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Habikino, Osaka, Japan
| | - Fabienne Devime
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Xufei Zhang
- MICALIS Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Kunihiro Kishida
- Department of Science and Technology On Food Safety, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ronaldo P Ferraris
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - J Christopher Fritton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
- Departments of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, Grove School of Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, Steinman Hall T401, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Takamatsu M, Abe K, Okamoto K, Horibe K, Mano H, Nakagawa K, Tsugawa N, Hirota Y, Horie T, Hinoi E, Okano T, Ikushiro S, Sakaki T. Generation of novel genetically modified rats to reveal the molecular mechanisms of vitamin D actions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5677. [PMID: 32231239 PMCID: PMC7105495 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62048-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have suggested that vitamin D activities involve vitamin D receptor (VDR)-dependent and VDR-independent effects of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and ligand-independent effects of the VDR. Here, we describe a novel in vivo system using genetically modified rats deficient in the Cyp27b1 or Vdr genes. Type II rickets model rats with a mutant Vdr (R270L), which recognizes 1,25(OH)2D3 with an affinity equivalent to that for 25(OH)D3, were also generated. Although Cyp27b1-knockout (KO), Vdr-KO, and Vdr (R270L) rats each showed rickets symptoms, including abnormal bone formation, they were significantly different from each other. Administration of 25(OH)D3 reversed rickets symptoms in Cyp27b1-KO and Vdr (R270L) rats. Interestingly, 1,25(OH)2D3 was synthesized in Cyp27b1-KO rats, probably by Cyp27a1. In contrast, the effects of 25(OH)D3 on Vdr (R270L) rats strongly suggested a direct action of 25(OH)D3 via VDR-genomic pathways. These results convincingly suggest the usefulness of our in vivo system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamatsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Keisuke Abe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kairi Okamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kyohei Horibe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsugawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University, 4-2-26 Hishiya-nishi, Higashi-Osaka, 577-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, 337-8570, Japan
| | - Tetsuhiro Horie
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Eiichi Hinoi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Bioactive Molecules, Gifu Pharmaceutical University, Gifu, Japan.,United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshio Okano
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, 658-8558, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, 939-0398, Japan.
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Nishikawa M, Yasuda K, Takamatsu M, Abe K, Nakagawa K, Tsugawa N, Hirota Y, Tanaka K, Yamashita S, Ikushiro S, Suda T, Okano T, Sakaki T. Generation of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 in Cyp27b1 knockout mice by treatment with 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 rescued their rachitic phenotypes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 185:71-79. [PMID: 30031146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] binds to vitamin D receptor and exhibits several biological functions directly in vitro. To evaluate the direct effect of 25(OH)D3 in vivo, we used Cyp27b1 knockout (KO) mice, which had no detectable plasma 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] when fed a diet containing normal Ca and vitamin D. Daily treatment with 25(OH)D3 at 250 μg kg-1 day-1 rescued rachitic phenotypes in the Cyp27b1 KO mice. Bone mineral density, female sexual cycles, and plasma levels of Ca, P, and PTH were all normalized following 25(OH)D3 administration. An elevated Cyp24a1 mRNA expression was observed in the kidneys, and plasma concentrations of Cyp24a1-dependent metabolites of 25(OH)D3 were increased. To our surprise, 1,25(OH)2D3 was detected at a normal level in the plasma of Cyp27b1 KO mice. The F1 to F4 generations of Cyp27b1 KO mice fed 25(OH)D3 showed normal growth, normal plasma levels of Ca, P, and parathyroid hormone, and normal bone mineral density. The curative effect of 25(OH)D3 was considered to depend on the de novo synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the Cyp27b1 KO mice. This suggests that another enzyme than Cyp27b1 is present for the 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis. Interestingly, the liver mitochondrial fraction prepared from Cyp27b1 KO mice converted 25(OH)D3 to 1,25(OH)2D3. The most probable candidate is Cyp27a1. Our findings suggest that 25(OH)D3 may be useful for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis for patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyu Nishikawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Masashi Takamatsu
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Keisuke Abe
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Naoko Tsugawa
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Health and Nutrition, Osaka Shoin Women's University, 4-2-26 Hishiya-nishi, Higashi, Osaka 577-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Hirota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, 307 Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama 337-8570, Japan
| | - Kazuma Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shigeaki Yamashita
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinichi Ikushiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Suda
- Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka, Saitama 350-1241, Japan
| | - Toshio Okano
- Department of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, 4-19-1 Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-8558, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, 5180 Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan.
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Hirota Y, Nakagawa K, Isomoto K, Sakaki T, Kubodera N, Kamao M, Osakabe N, Suhara Y, Okano T. Eldecalcitol is more effective in promoting osteogenesis than alfacalcidol in Cyp27b1-knockout mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199856. [PMID: 30281599 PMCID: PMC6169848 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca) absorption from the intestinal tract is promoted by active vitamin D (1α,25D3). Vitamin D not only promotes Ca homeostasis, but it also inhibits bone resorption and promotes osteogenesis, thus playing a role in the maintenance of normal bone metabolism. Because 1α,25D3 plays an important role in osteogenesis, vitamin D formulations, such as alfacalcidol (ALF) and eldecalcitol (ELD), are used for treating osteoporosis. While it is known that, in contrast to ALF, ELD is an active ligand that directly acts on bone, the reason for its superior osteogenesis effects is unknown. Cyp27b1-knockout mice (Cyp27b1-/-mice) are congenitally deficient in 1α,25D3 and exhibit marked hypocalcemia and high parathyroid hormone levels, resulting in osteodystrophy involving bone hypocalcification and growth plate cartilage hypertrophy. However, because the vitamin D receptor is expressed normally in Cyp27b1-/-mice, they respond normally to 1α,25D3. Accordingly, in Cyp27b1-/-mice, the pharmacological effects of exogenously administered active vitamin D derivatives can be analyzed without being affected by 1α,25D3. We used Cyp27b1-/-mice to characterize and clarify the superior osteogenic effects of ELD on the bone in comparison with ALF. The results indicated that compared to ALF, ELD strongly induces ECaC2, calbindin-D9k, and CYP24A1 in the duodenum, promoting Ca absorption and decreasing the plasma concentration of 1α,25D3, resulting in improved osteogenesis. Because bone morphological measurements demonstrated that ELD has stronger effects on bone calcification, trabecular formation, and cancellous bone density than ALF, ELD appears to be a more effective therapeutic agent for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis, in which cancellous bone density decreases markedly. By using Cyp27b1-/-mice, this study was the first to succeed in clarifying the osteogenic effect of ELD without any influence of endogenous 1α,25D3. Furthermore, ELD more strongly enhanced bone mineralization, trabecular proliferation, and cancellous bone density than did ALF. Thus, ELD is expected to show an effect on postmenopausal osteoporosis, in which cancellous bone mineral density decreases markedly. In the future, this study may enable the development of next-generation active vitamin D derivatives with higher affinity for bone than ELD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Hirota
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Kimie Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keigo Isomoto
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Kurokawa, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Noboru Kubodera
- International Institute of Active Vitamin D Analogs, Sankeidai, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Maya Kamao
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naomi Osakabe
- Food and Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshitomo Suhara
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Engineering, College of Systems Engineering and Science, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Fukasaku, Minuma-ku, Saitama, Japan
| | - Toshio Okano
- Laboratory of Hygienic Sciences, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Japan
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