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Ríos JA, Bórquez JC, Godoy JA, Zolezzi JM, Furrianca MC, Inestrosa NC. Emerging role of Metformin in Alzheimer's disease: A translational view. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102439. [PMID: 39074563 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes a major public-health issue of our time. Regrettably, despite our considerable understanding of the pathophysiological aspects of this disease, current interventions lead to poor outcomes. Furthermore, experimentally promising compounds have continuously failed when translated to clinical trials. Along with increased population ageing, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has become an extremely common condition, mainly due to unbalanced dietary habits. Substantial epidemiological evidence correlates T2DM with cognitive impairment as well. Considering that brain insulin resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and amyloidogenesis are common phenomena, further approaching the common features among these pathological conditions. Metformin constitutes the first-choice drug to preclude insulin resistance in T2DM clinical management. Experimental evidence suggests that its functions might include neuroprotective effects, in addition to its hypoglycemic activity. This review aims to summarize and discuss current knowledge of experimental data on metformin on this path towards translational medicine. Finally, we discuss the controversial data of responses to metformin in vitro, and in vivo, animal models and human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juvenal A Ríos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Carlos Bórquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juan A Godoy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | | | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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2
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Yang C, Chen W, Ye B, Nie K. An overview of 6-shogaol: new insights into its pharmacological properties and potential therapeutic activities. Food Funct 2024; 15:7252-7270. [PMID: 38287779 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04753a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) has traditionally been used as a cooking spice and herbal medicine for treating nausea and vomiting. More recently, ginger was found to effectively reduce the risk of diseases such as gastroenteritis, migraine, gonarthritis, etc., due to its various bioactive compounds. 6-Shogaol, the pungent phenolic substance in ginger, is the most pharmacologically active among such compounds. The aim of the present study was to review the pharmacological characteristic of 6-shogaol, including the properties of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antitumour, and its corresponding molecular mechanism. With its multiple mechanisms, 6-shogaol is considered a beneficial natural compound, and therefore, this review will shed some light on the therapeutic role of 6-shogaol and provide a theoretical basis for the development and clinical application of 6-shogaol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglu Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weijian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Binbin Ye
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ke Nie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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3
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Mohd Sahardi NFN, Makpol S. Suppression of Inflamm-Aging by Moringa oleifera and Zingiber officinale Roscoe in the Prevention of Degenerative Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence. Molecules 2023; 28:5867. [PMID: 37570837 PMCID: PMC10421196 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation or inflamm-aging is a chronic low-grade inflammation that contributes to numerous types of degenerative diseases among the elderly and might be impeded by introducing an anti-inflammatory agent like Moringa oleifera Lam (moringa) and Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger). Therefore, this paper aims to review the role of moringa and ginger in suppressing inflamm-aging to prevent degenerative diseases. Various peer-reviewed publications were searched and downloaded using the reputed search engine "Pubmed" and "Google Scholar". These materials were reviewed and tabulated. A comparison between these previous findings was made based on the mechanism of action of moringa and ginger against degenerative diseases, focusing on their anti-inflammatory properties. Many studies have reported the efficacy of moringa and ginger in type 2 diabetes mellitus, neurodegenerative disease, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and kidney disease by reducing inflammatory cytokines activities, mainly of TNF-α and IL-6. They also enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase. The anti-inflammatory activities can be seen by inhibiting NF-κβ activity. Thus, the anti-inflammatory potential of moringa and ginger in various types of degenerative diseases due to inflamm-aging has been shown in many recent types of research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
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4
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Antioxidant Compounds in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Natural, Hybrid, and Synthetic Products. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2023; 2023:8056462. [PMID: 36865743 PMCID: PMC9974281 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8056462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) which is associated with cognitive dysfunction and memory lapse has become a health concern. Various targets and pathways have been involved in AD's progress, such as deficit of acetylcholine (ACh), oxidative stress, inflammation, β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits, and biometal dyshomeostasis. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that stress oxidative participation in an early stage of AD and the generated ROS could enable neurodegenerative disease leading to neuronal cell death. Hence, antioxidant therapies are applied in treating AD as a beneficial strategy. This review refers to the development and use of antioxidant compounds based on natural products, hybrid designs, and synthetic compounds. The results of using these antioxidant compounds were discussed with the given examples, and future directions for the development of antioxidants were evaluated.
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Ozkur M, Benlier N, Takan I, Vasileiou C, Georgakilas AG, Pavlopoulou A, Cetin Z, Saygili EI. Ginger for Healthy Ageing: A Systematic Review on Current Evidence of Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Properties. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4748447. [PMID: 35585878 PMCID: PMC9110206 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4748447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The world's population is ageing at an accelerated pace. Ageing is a natural, physiological but highly complex and multifactorial process that all species in the Tree of Life experience over time. Physical and mental disabilities, and age-related diseases, would increase along with the increasing life expectancy. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is a plant that belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, native to Southeast Asia. For hundreds of years, ginger has been consumed in various ways by the natives of Asian countries, both as culinary and medicinal herb for the treatment of many diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that ginger can promote healthy ageing, reduce morbidity, and prolong healthy lifespan. Ginger, a well-known natural product, has been demonstrated to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and antimicrobial properties, as well as an outstanding antiviral activity due to a high concentration of antiviral compounds. In this review, the current evidence on the potential role of ginger and its active compounds in the prevention of ageing is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehtap Ozkur
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Necla Benlier
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Işıl Takan
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Christina Vasileiou
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros G. Georgakilas
- DNA Damage Laboratory, Physics Department, School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasia Pavlopoulou
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Izmir International Biomedicine and Genome Institute, Dokuz Eylül University, Balcova, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Zafer Cetin
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Graduate Education Institute, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Eyup Ilker Saygili
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Graduate Education Institute, SANKO University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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6
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Wang Y, Luan M, Xue L, Jin J, Xie A. Evaluation of the relationship between SORL1 gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease in the Chinese population. Neurosci Lett 2022; 778:136602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2022.136602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schepici G, Contestabile V, Valeri A, Mazzon E. Ginger, a Possible Candidate for the Treatment of Dementias? Molecules 2021; 26:5700. [PMID: 34577171 PMCID: PMC8470323 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As the human life expectancy increases, age-linked diseases have become more and more frequent. The worldwide increment of dementia cases demands medical solutions, but the current available drugs do not meet all the expectations. Recently the attention of the scientific community was attracted by natural compounds, used in ancient medicine, known for their beneficial effects and high tolerability. This review is focused on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and explore its properties against Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, two of the most common and devastating forms of dementia. This work resumes the beneficial effects of Ginger compounds, tested in computational in vitro and in vivo models of Alzheimer's Disease and Vascular Dementia, along with some human tests. All these evidences suggest a potential role of the compounds of ginger not only in the treatment of the disease, but also in its prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emanuela Mazzon
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino-Pulejo”, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy; (G.S.); (V.C.); (A.V.)
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8
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Talebi M, İlgün S, Ebrahimi V, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Ebrahimi H, Samarghandian S. Zingiber officinale ameliorates Alzheimer's disease and Cognitive Impairments: Lessons from preclinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:111088. [PMID: 33378982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition mostly communal in people of advanced years accompanying various dysfunctionalities especially cognitive impairments. A number of cellular damages, such as amyloid-beta aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, some neurotransmitter imbalances, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses are responsible for AD incidence. As a reason for inadequate efficacy, side effects, and pharmacokinetic problems of conventional drugs used for AD, the discovery of novel therapeutic agents with multi-targeted potential is desirable. Protective properties of phytochemicals combat numerous diseases and their vast acceptance and demand in human beings encouraged scientists to assess their effective activities. Zingiber officinale, gingerol, shogaol, and borneol were evaluated against memory impairments. Online databases including; Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Pubmed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane Library were searched until 3th February 2020. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies are included after screening their eligibility. Mostly interventive mechanisms such as; oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and apoptosis are described. Correlation between the pathogenesis of AD and signaling pathways is explicated. Results and scores of cognition measurements are clarified due to in vivo studies and clinical trials. Some traditional aspects of consuming ginger in AD are also mentioned in the present review. In accumulation ginger and its components possess great potency for improving and abrogating memory dysfunctions but conducting further studies to evaluate their pharmacological and pharmaceutical aspects is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Vida Ebrahimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Viatris Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3300 Research Plaza, San Antonio, TX, 78235, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Ebrahimi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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9
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Al-Yozbaki M, Acha-Sagredo A, George A, Liloglou T, Wilson CM. Balancing neurotrophin pathway and sortilin function: Its role in human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188429. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Guimas Almeida C, Sadat Mirfakhar F, Perdigão C, Burrinha T. Impact of late-onset Alzheimer's genetic risk factors on beta-amyloid endocytic production. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:2577-2589. [PMID: 29704008 PMCID: PMC11105284 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2825-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The increased production of the 42 aminoacids long beta-amyloid (Aβ42) peptide has been established as a causal mechanism of the familial early onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). In contrast, the causal mechanisms of the late-onset AD (LOAD), that affects most AD patients, remain to be established. Indeed, Aβ42 accumulation has been detected more than 30 years before diagnosis. Thus, the mechanisms that control Aβ accumulation in LOAD likely go awry long before pathogenesis becomes detectable. Early on, APOE4 was identified as the biggest genetic risk factor for LOAD. However, since APOE4 is not present in all LOAD patients, genome-wide association studies of thousands of LOAD patients were undertaken to identify other genetic variants that could explain the development of LOAD. PICALM, BIN1, CD2AP, SORL1, and PLD3 are now with APOE4 among the identified genes at highest risk in LOAD that have been implicated in Aβ42 production. Recent evidence indicates that the regulation of the endocytic trafficking of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and/or its secretases to and from sorting endosomes is determinant for Aβ42 production. Thus, here, we will review the described mechanisms, whereby these genetic risk factors can contribute to the enhanced endocytic production of Aβ42. Dissecting causal LOAD mechanisms of Aβ42 accumulation, underlying the contribution of each genetic risk factor, will be required to identify therapeutic targets for novel personalized preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Guimas Almeida
- Neuronal Trafficking in Aging Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Mirfakhar
- Neuronal Trafficking in Aging Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Perdigão
- Neuronal Trafficking in Aging Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tatiana Burrinha
- Neuronal Trafficking in Aging Lab, CEDOC, Chronic Diseases Research Centre, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Campo Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056, Lisbon, Portugal
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Xu SY, Jiang J, Pan A, Yan C, Yan XX. Sortilin: a new player in dementia and Alzheimer-type neuropathology. Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 96:491-497. [PMID: 29687731 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2018-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related dementias are now a major mortality factor among most human populations in the world, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) being the leading dementia-causing neurodegenerative disease. The pathogenic mechanism underlying dementia disorders, and AD in particular, remained largely unknown. Efforts to develop drugs targeting the disease's hallmark lesions, such as amyloid plaque and tangle pathologies, have been unsuccessful so far. The vacuolar protein sorting 10p (Vps10p) family plays a critical role in membrane signal transduction and protein sorting and trafficking between intracellular compartments. Data emerging during the past few years point to an involvement of this family in the development of AD. Specifically, the Vps10p member sortilin has been shown to participate in amyloid plaque formation, tau phosphorylation, abnormal protein sorting and apoptosis. In this minireview, we update some latest findings from animal experiments and human brain studies suggesting that abnormal sortilin expression is associated with AD-type neuropathology, warranting further research that might lead to novel targets for the development of AD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yin Xu
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Aihua Pan
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Cai Yan
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China.,b Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- a Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
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12
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Cong L, Kong X, Wang J, Du J, Xu Z, Xu Y, Zhao Q. Association between SORL1 polymorphisms and the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. J Integr Neurosci 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jin-170051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lele Cong
- Department of Neurology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiangyi Kong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jianshi Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Yanan Xu
- Department of Neurology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- Department of Neurology, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, Jilin Province, China
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Kou X, Wang X, Ji R, Liu L, Qiao Y, Lou Z, Ma C, Li S, Wang H, Ho CT. Occurrence, biological activity and metabolism of 6-shogaol. Food Funct 2018; 9:1310-1327. [PMID: 29417118 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01354j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the main bioactive compounds of dried ginger, 6-shogaol has been widely used to alleviate many ailments. It is also a major pungent flavor component, and its precursor prior to dehydration is 6-gingerol, which is reported to be responsible for the pungent flavor and biological activity of fresh ginger. Structurally, gingerols including 6-gingerol have a β-hydroxyl ketone moiety and is liable to dehydrate to generate an α,β-unsaturated ketone under heat and/or acidic conditions. The conjugation of the α,β-unsaturated ketone skeleton in the chemical structure of 6-shogaol explicates its higher potency and efficacy than 6-gingerol in terms of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiemetic and other bioactivities. Research on the health benefits of 6-shogaol has been conducted and results have been reported recently; however, scientific data are scattered due to a lack of systematic collection. In addition, action mechanisms of the preventive and/or therapeutic actions of 6-shogaol remain obscurely non-collective. Herein, we review the preparations, biological activity and mechanisms, and metabolism of 6-shogaol as well as the properties of 6-shogaol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingran Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China and Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Xiaoqi Wang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Ruya Ji
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Lang Liu
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Yening Qiao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaixiang Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
| | - Hongxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China. and National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China and School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-8520, USA.
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14
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Xu Y, Bai L, Chen X, Li Y, Qin Y, Meng X, Zhang Q. 6-Shogaol ameliorates diabetic nephropathy through anti-inflammatory, hyperlipidemic, anti-oxidative activity in db/db mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 97:633-641. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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