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Sun L, Zheng M, Gao Y, Brigstock DR, Gao R. Retinoic acid signaling pathway in pancreatic stellate cells: Insight into the anti-fibrotic effect and mechanism. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 967:176374. [PMID: 38309676 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are activated following loss of cytoplasmic vitamin A (retinol)-containing lipid droplets, which is a key event in the process of fibrogenesis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDCA). PSCs are the major source of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) that produce stroma to induce PDAC cancer cell growth, invasion, and metastasis. As an active metabolite of retinol, retinoic acid (RA) can regulate target gene expression in PSCs through its nuclear receptor complex (RAR/RXR or RXR/RXR) or transcriptional intermediary factor. Additionally, RA also has extranuclear and non-transcriptional effects. In vitro studies have shown that RA induces PSC deactivation which reduces extracellular matrix production through multiple modes of action, such as inhibiting TβRⅡ, PDGFRβ, β-catenin and Wnt production, downregulating ERK1/2 and JNK phosphorylation and suppressing active TGF-β1 release. RA alone or in combination with other reagents have been demonstrated to have an effective anti-fibrotic effect on cerulein-induced mouse CP models in vivo studies. Clinical trial data have shown that repurposing all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as a stromal-targeting agent for human pancreatic cancer is safe and tolerable, suggesting the possibility of using RA for the treatment of CP and PDCA in humans. This review focuses on RA signaling pathways in PSCs and the effects and mechanisms of RA in PSC-mediated fibrogenesis as well as the anti-fibrotic and anti-tumor effects of RA targeting PSCs or CAFs in vitro and in vivo, highlighting the potential therapies of RA against CP and PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Pathology, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meifang Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhang Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - David R Brigstock
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Runping Gao
- Department of Hepatic Biliary Pancreatic Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Pi Z, Liu J, Xiao Y, He X, Zhu R, Tang R, Qiu X, Zhan Y, Zeng Z, Shi Y, Xiao R. ATRA ameliorates fibrosis by suppressing the pro-fibrotic molecule Fra2/AP-1 in systemic sclerosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 121:110420. [PMID: 37331293 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disease that leads to irreversible fibrosis of the skin and the internal organs. The etiology of SSc is complex, its pathophysiology is poorly understood, and clinical therapeutic options are restricted. Thus, research into medications and targets for treating fibrosis is essential and urgent. Fos-related antigen 2 (Fra2) is a transcription factor that is a member of the activator protein-1 family. Fra2 transgenic mice were shown to have spontaneous fibrosis. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is a vitamin A intermediate metabolite and ligand for the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), which possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. Recent research has demonstrated that ATRA also has an anti-fibrotic effect. However, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. Interestingly, we identified potential binding sites for the transcription factor RARα to the promoter region of the FRA2 gene through JASPAR and PROMO databases. In this study, the pro-fibrotic effect of Fra2 in SSc is confirmed. SSc dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced fibrotic tissues of SSc animals exhibit increased levels of Fra2. Inhibition of Fra2 expression in SSc dermal fibroblasts with Fra2 siRNA markedly decreased collagen I expression. ATRA reduced the expressions of Fra2, collagen I, and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) in SSc dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induced fibrotic tissues of SSc mice. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase assays demonstrated that retinoic acid receptor RARα binds to the FRA2 promoter and modulates its transcriptional activity. ATRA decreases collagen I expression both in vivo and in vitro via the reduction of Fra2 expression. This work establishes the rationale for expanding the use of ATRA in the treatment of SSc and indicates that Fra2 can be used as an anti-fibrotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Pi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China.; Department of Medical Genetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yangfan Xiao
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xinglan He
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Ruixuan Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Rui Tang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiangning Qiu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhuotong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China..
| | - Yaqian Shi
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China..
| | - Rong Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China..
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Guo M, Liu D, Jiang Y, Chen W, Zhao L, Bao D, Li Y, Distler JHW, Zhu H. Serum metabolomic profiling reveals potential biomarkers in systemic sclerosis. Metabolism 2023; 144:155587. [PMID: 37156409 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic and systemic autoimmune disease marked by the skin and visceral fibrosis. Metabolic alterations have been found in SSc patients; however, serum metabolomic profiling has not been thoroughly conducted. Our study aimed to identify alterations in the metabolic profile in both SSc patients before and during treatment, as well as in mouse models of fibrosis. Furthermore, the associations between metabolites and clinical parameters and disease progression were explored. METHODS High-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS)/MS was performed in the serum of 326 human samples and 33 mouse samples. Human samples were collected from 142 healthy controls (HC), 127 newly diagnosed SSc patients without treatment (SSc baseline), and 57 treated SSc patients (SSc treatment). Mouse serum samples were collected from 11 control mice (NaCl), 11 mice with bleomycin (BLM)-induced fibrosis and 11 mice with hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-induced fibrosis. Both univariate analysis and multivariate analysis (orthogonal partial least-squares discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA)) were conducted to unravel differently expressed metabolites. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis was performed to characterize the dysregulated metabolic pathways in SSc. Associations between metabolites and clinical parameters of SSc patients were identified by Pearson's or Spearman's correlation analysis. Machine learning (ML) algorithms were applied to identify the important metabolites that have the potential to predict the progression of skin fibrosis. RESULTS The newly diagnosed SSc patients without treatment showed a unique serum metabolic profile compared to HC. Treatment partially corrected the metabolic changes in SSc. Some metabolites (phloretin 2'-O-glucuronide, retinoyl b-glucuronide, all-trans-retinoic acid, and betaine) and metabolic pathways (starch and sucrose metabolism, proline metabolism, androgen and estrogen metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism) were dysregulated in new-onset SSc, but restored upon treatment. Some metabolic changes were associated with treatment response in SSc patients. Metabolic changes observed in SSc patients were mimicked in murine models of SSc, indicating that they may reflect general metabolic changes associated with fibrotic tissue remodeling. Several metabolic changes were associated with SSc clinical parameters. The levels of allysine and all-trans-retinoic acid were negatively correlated, while D-glucuronic acid and hexanoyl carnitine were positively correlated with modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS). In addition, a panel of metabolites including proline betaine, phloretin 2'-O-glucuronide, gamma-linolenic acid and L-cystathionine were associated with the presence of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in SSc. Specific metabolites identified by ML algorithms, such as medicagenic acid 3-O-b-D-glucuronide, 4'-O-methyl-(-)-epicatechin-3'-O-beta-glucuronide, valproic acid glucuronide, have the potential to predict the progression of skin fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Serum of SSc patients demonstrates profound metabolic changes. Treatment partially restored the metabolic changes in SSc. Moreover, certain metabolic changes were associated with clinical manifestations such as skin fibrosis and ILD, and could predict the progression of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Guo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Emergency and Critical Care Metabonomics, Institute of Emergency Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital/The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ding Bao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yisha Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Lee SH, Shin MH, Leem AY, Lee SH, Chung KS, Kim YS, Park MS. NADPH oxidase 4 signaling in a ventilator-induced lung injury mouse model. Respir Res 2022; 23:73. [PMID: 35346198 PMCID: PMC8962540 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-022-01992-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, a ventilator is essential to supply oxygen to tissues, but it may also cause lung damage. In this study, we investigated the role of NOX4 using NOX4 knockout (KO) mice and NOX4 inhibitors in a ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) model. Methods Wild-type (WT) male C57BL/6J mice and NOX4 knockout (KO) male mice were divided into five groups: (1) control group; (2) high tidal ventilation (HTV) group: WT mice + HTV ± DMSO; (3) NOX4 KO group; (4) NOX4 KO with HTV group; (5) NOX4 inhibitor group: WT mice + HTV + NOX4 inhibitor. In the VILI model, the supine position was maintained at 24 mL/kg volume, 0 cm H2O PEEP, 100/min respiratory rate, and 0.21 inspired oxygen fraction. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, 50 μL anti-GKT 137831 inhibitor was injected intraperitoneally, 2 h after ventilator use. After 5 h of HTV, mice in the ventilator group were euthanized, and their lung tissues were obtained for further analysis. In addition, the relationship between EphA2 (which is related to lung injury) and NOX4 was investigated using EphA2 KO mice, and NOX4 and EphA2 levels in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of 38 patients with pneumonia were examined. Results Cell counts from BALFs were significantly lower in the NOX4 KO with HTV group (p < 0.01) and EphA2 KO with HTV group (p < 0.001) compared to that in the HTV group. In the NOX4 inhibitor group, cell counts and protein concentrations from BALF were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (both, p < 0.001). In the NOX4 KO group and the NOX4 inhibitor group, EphA2 levels were significantly lower than those in the HTV group (p < 0.001). In patients with respiratory disease, NOX4 and EphA2 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and patients who received ventilator treatment in the intensive care unit. Conclusion In the VILI model with high tidal volume, NOX4 KO, EphA2 KO or monoclonal antibodies attenuated the VILI. NOX4 and EphA2 levels were significantly higher in patients with pneumonia and especially in mechanical ventilated in the ICU. Inhibition of Nox4 is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention and reduction of VILI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12931-022-01992-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Shin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Ah Young Leem
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Su Hwan Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Chung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Young Sam Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea
| | - Moo Suk Park
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Chest Diseases, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, South Korea.
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Zhong Z, Li HY, Zhong H, Lin W, Lin S, Zhou T. All-trans retinoic acid regulating angiopoietins-1 and alleviating extracellular matrix accumulation in interstitial fibrosis rats. Ren Fail 2021; 43:658-663. [PMID: 33820492 PMCID: PMC8032328 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2021.1910046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) is one of essentially active metabolite of vitamin A, and plays an important role in diverse physiological processes, such as cellular growth and function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) is a common pathological characteristic of chronic renal disease causing end-stage renal disease currently lacking effective treatment. Low level of Angiopoietins-1 (Angpt-1) is associated with extracellular matrix accumulation and fibrosis diseases. This study was performed to assess the association of ATRA with Angpt-1 in RIF disease. Rats were divided into three groups: group of sham (SHO group), group of unilateral ureteral obstruction group (UUO group), UUO mice administrated daily at the dose of ATRA (ATRA group). Masson-staining was used to detect the histologic lesion. Immunohistochemistry and Western-blot were applied to determine the targeted proteins. RIF score was significantly increased in UUO rats when compared with that of SHO group, and the fibrosis score was notably reduced in ATRA group. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), collagen IV (Col-IV) and fibronectin (FN) expressions in UUO group were significantly up-regulated, whereas Angpt-1 expression was significantly down-regulated compared with the SHO group. ATRA treatment reduced TGF-β1, Col-IV and FN expressions and improved Angpt-1 expression compared with the UUO group. The protein expression of Angpt-1 in kidney tissue of UUO group was negatively correlated with RIF index and protein expressions of Col-IV, FN and TGF-β1. In conclusion, low expression of Angpt-1 was associated with the RIF disease and ATRA treatment can increase the Angpt-1 and alleviate the RIF lesion in UUO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqing Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhen Zhong
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wenshan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Shujun Lin
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tianbiao Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- CONTACT Tianbiao Zhou Department of Nephrology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, No. 69 Dongxia Road, Shantou, 515041, China
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Li S, Lei Y, Lei J, Li H. All‑trans retinoic acid promotes macrophage phagocytosis and decreases inflammation via inhibiting CD14/TLR4 in acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:868. [PMID: 34676874 PMCID: PMC8554390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical emergency and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can alleviate organ injury. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATRA in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rats were treated with ATRA and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and protein content in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the effect of ATRA on ALI rats. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from the BALF. The phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using the chicken erythrocyte phagocytosis method and flow cytometry. The viability of macrophages was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed using a TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD)14 on the macrophage membrane were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of TLR4, CD14, phosphorylated (p)-65, p65, p-IκBα and IκBα were analyzed using western blotting. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the plasma of rats were detected by ELISA. Macrophages were treated with IAXO-102 (TLR4 inhibitor) to verify the involvement of CD14/TLR4 in the effect of ATRA on ALI. ATRA provided protection against LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by the increased PaO2 and reduced lung W/D ratio and protein content in the BALF. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and viability and reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ALI rats. Mechanically, ATRA inhibited CD14 and TLR4 expression and NF-κB pathway activation. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting the CD14/TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced ALI. In summary, ATRA inactivated the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the expression of CD14/TLR4 receptor in the alveolar macrophages of rats, thus enhancing the phagocytic function of macrophages in ALI rats, improving the activity of macrophages, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing the levels of inflammatory factors, and consequently playing a protective role in ALI model rats. This study may offer novel insights for the clinical management of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jieyun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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Li L, Luo R, Yang Y, Cheng Y, Ge S, Xu G. Tamibarotene inhibit the accumulation of fibrocyte and alleviate renal fibrosis by IL-17A. Ren Fail 2021; 42:1173-1183. [PMID: 33213229 PMCID: PMC7737677 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2020.1847145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis is a common pathological process in the progression of chronic kidney disease. Accumulating evidence suggests that interleukin-17A (IL‐17A) and fibrocytes play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. However, the role of IL-17A in the regulation of renal fibrocytes in renal fibrosis has rarely been reported. Here, we report that the plasma IL-17A level is increased in immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) patients and is correlated with clinical parameters. Using a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), we found that both IL-17A expression and fibrocyte infiltration were increased in the kidneys of UUO mice. Besides, IL-17A enhanced fibrosis and fibrocyte-associated chemokine and activator expression in vitro. Furthermore, inhibition of IL-17A using Am80 (Tamibarotene) decreased fibrocytes and fibrocyte-associated chemokine and activator expression and significantly attenuated renal fibrosis in the UUO mice. Our findings suggest that Am80, which inhibits the accumulation of fibrocytes and alleviates renal fibrosis mediated by IL-17A, maybe a novel therapeutic drug for renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Li
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ran Luo
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yichun Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuwang Ge
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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EphA2 signaling within integrin adhesions regulates fibrillar adhesion elongation and fibronectin deposition. Matrix Biol 2021; 103-104:1-21. [PMID: 34537369 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional glycoprotein fibronectin influences several crucial cellular processes and contributes to multiple pathologies. While a link exists between fibronectin-associated pathologies and the receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2, the mechanism by which EphA2 promotes fibronectin matrix remodeling remains unknown. We previously demonstrated that EphA2 deletion reduces smooth muscle fibronectin deposition and blunts fibronectin deposition in atherosclerosis without influencing fibronectin expression. We now show that EphA2 expression is required for contractility-dependent elongation of tensin- and α5β1 integrin-rich fibrillar adhesions that drive fibronectin fibrillogenesis. Mechanistically, EphA2 localizes to integrin adhesions where focal adhesion kinase mediates ligand-independent Y772 phosphorylation, and mutation of this site significantly blunts fibrillar adhesion length. EphA2 deficiency decreases smooth muscle cell contractility by enhancing p190RhoGAP activation and reducing RhoA activity, whereas stimulating RhoA signaling in EphA2 deficient cells rescues fibrillar adhesion elongation. Together, these data identify EphA2 as a novel regulator of fibrillar adhesion elongation and provide the first data identifying a role for EphA2 signaling in integrin adhesions.
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Berner D, Hoja U, Zenkel M, Ross JJ, Uebe S, Paoli D, Frezzotti P, Rautenbach RM, Ziskind A, Williams SE, Carmichael TR, Ramsay M, Topouzis F, Chatzikyriakidou A, Lambropoulos A, Sundaresan P, Ayub H, Akhtar F, Qamar R, Zenteno JC, Cruz-Aguilar M, Astakhov YS, Dubina M, Wiggs J, Ozaki M, Kruse FE, Aung T, Reis A, Khor CC, Pasutto F, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. The protective variant rs7173049 at LOXL1 locus impacts on retinoic acid signaling pathway in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 28:2531-2548. [PMID: 30986821 PMCID: PMC6644155 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LOXL1 (lysyl oxidase-like 1) has been identified as the major effect locus in pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome, a fibrotic disorder of the extracellular matrix and frequent cause of chronic open-angle glaucoma. However, all known PEX-associated common variants show allele effect reversal in populations of different ancestry, casting doubt on their biological significance. Based on extensive LOXL1 deep sequencing, we report here the identification of a common non-coding sequence variant, rs7173049A>G, located downstream of LOXL1, consistently associated with a decrease in PEX risk (odds ratio, OR = 0.63; P = 6.33 × 10−31) in nine different ethnic populations. We provide experimental evidence for a functional enhancer-like regulatory activity of the genomic region surrounding rs7173049 influencing expression levels of ISLR2 (immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat protein 2) and STRA6 [stimulated by retinoic acid (RA) receptor 6], apparently mediated by allele-specific binding of the transcription factor thyroid hormone receptor beta. We further show that the protective rs7173049-G allele correlates with increased tissue expression levels of ISLR2 and STRA6 and that both genes are significantly downregulated in tissues of PEX patients together with other key components of the STRA6 receptor-driven RA signaling pathway. siRNA-mediated downregulation of RA signaling induces upregulation of LOXL1 and PEX-associated matrix genes in PEX-relevant cell types. These data indicate that dysregulation of STRA6 and impaired retinoid metabolism are involved in the pathophysiology of PEX syndrome and that the variant rs7173049-G, which represents the first common variant at the broad LOXL1 locus without allele effect reversal, mediates a protective effect through upregulation of STRA6 in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berner
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Hoja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Zenkel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - James Julian Ross
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Paoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Monfalcone Hospital, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Paolo Frezzotti
- Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Robyn M Rautenbach
- Division of Ophthalmology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ari Ziskind
- Division of Ophthalmology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Susan E Williams
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Trevor R Carmichael
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Michele Ramsay
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fotis Topouzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anthi Chatzikyriakidou
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Alexandros Lambropoulos
- Department of Biology and Genetics, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Periasamy Sundaresan
- Dr. G.Venkataswamy Eye Research Institute, Aravind Medical Research Foundation, Aravind Eye Hospital, Madurai, India
| | - Humaira Ayub
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Farah Akhtar
- Pakistan Institute of Ophthalmology, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Raheel Qamar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Juan C Zenteno
- Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology 'Conde de Valenciana', Mexico City, Mexico.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marisa Cruz-Aguilar
- Genetics Department, Institute of Ophthalmology 'Conde de Valenciana', Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Yury S Astakhov
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Dubina
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia.,St Petersburg Academic University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Janey Wiggs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mineo Ozaki
- Ozaki Eye Hospital, Hyuga, Miyazaki, Japan.,Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tin Aung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore.,Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - André Reis
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chiea Chuen Khor
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Francesca Pasutto
- Institute of Human Genetics, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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10
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Takahashi H, Nakashima T, Masuda T, Namba M, Sakamoto S, Yamaguchi K, Horimasu Y, Miyamoto S, Iwamoto H, Fujitaka K, Hamada H, Hattori N. Antifibrotic effect of lung-resident progenitor cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:471. [PMID: 34425896 PMCID: PMC8381511 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02549-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is highly expressed in stem/progenitor cells in various tissues, and cell populations with high ALDH activity (ALDHbr) are associated with tissue repair. However, little is known about lung-resident ALDHbr. This study was performed to clarify the characteristics of lung-resident ALDHbr cells and to evaluate their possible use as a tool for cell therapy using a mouse model of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods The characteristics of lung-resident/nonhematopoietic (CD45−) ALDHbr cells were assessed in control C57BL/6 mice. The kinetics and the potential usage of CD45−/ALDHbr for cell therapy were investigated in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Localization of transferred CD45−/ALDHbr cells was determined using mCherry-expressing mice as donors. The effects of aging on ALDH expression were also assessed using aged mice. Results Lung CD45−/ALDHbr showed higher proliferative and colony-forming potential than cell populations with low ALDH activity. The CD45−/ALDHbr cell population, and especially its CD45−/ALDHbr/PDGFRα+ subpopulation, was significantly reduced in the lung during bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Furthermore, mRNA expression of ALDH isoforms was significantly reduced in the fibrotic lung. When transferred in vivo into bleomycin-pretreated mice, CD45−/ALDHbr cells reached the site of injury, ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis, recovered the reduced expression of ALDH mRNA, and prolonged survival, which was associated with the upregulation of the retinol-metabolizing pathway and the suppression of profibrotic cytokines. The reduction in CD45−/ALDHbr/PDGFRα+ population was more remarkable in aged mice than in young mice. Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that the lung expression of ALDH and lung-resident CD45−/ALDHbr cells are involved in pulmonary fibrosis. The current study signified the possibility that CD45−/ALDHbr cells could find application as novel and useful cell therapy tools in pulmonary fibrosis treatment. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02549-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Taku Nakashima
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Masuda
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masashi Namba
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinjiro Sakamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kakuhiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yasushi Horimasu
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Miyamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwamoto
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazunori Fujitaka
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hironobu Hamada
- Department of Physical Analysis and Therapeutic Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Noboru Hattori
- Department of Molecular and Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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11
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Eleraky AF, Helal GK, Elshafie MF, Ismail RS. Concomitant inhibition of hedgehog signalling and activation of retinoid receptors abolishes bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 48:1024-1040. [PMID: 33576062 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a devastating disease with unknown treatment. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) attenuates bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis by different mechanistic pathways. However, the role of retinoid receptors in lung fibrosis is still unclear. Forskolin (FSK), a potent inhibitor for the revolutionary hedgehog (Hh) signalling pathway, has a promising antifibrotic effect on other organs such as the liver. This study investigates the interplay between the retinoid receptors modulation and the Hh signalling pathway in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Rats were randomised and administrated a single dose of 7.5 mg/kg of BLM alone and with ATRA, FSK and both of them. The effects of FSK and ATRA on lung functions, oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], glutathione [GSH], superoxide dismutase [SOD] and catalase [CAT]), retinoid markers (retinoic acid receptors [RAR] and rexinoid X receptors [RXR]) and Hh signalling markers (patched homolog 1 [Ptch-1], Smoothened [Smo] and glioblastoma-2 [Gli-2]) were assessed. In single therapies, ATRA and FSK ameliorated BLM-induced lung fibrosis. On the contrary, a combination of both drugs synergistically reversed the effect of BLM-induced lung fibrosis, as indicated by the enhancement of lung functions and the decrease of the α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression and collagen deposition. Additionally, FSK and ATRA ameliorated oxidative stress and inflammation, reduced transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) levels and reversed the effect of BLM on the mRNA expression of Ptch-1, Smo and Gli-2. FSK inhibited the Hh pathway and also activated protein kinase A (PKA) that is, in part, involved in phosphorylation of RAR/RXR heterodimer (a key step in retinoid receptor activation). The present results suggest that a combination of FSK and ATRA has a promising therapeutic value for lung fibrosis management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Fawzy Eleraky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gouda Kamel Helal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed F Elshafie
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Raed S Ismail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Vaught DB, Merkel AR, Lynch CC, Edwards J, Tantawy MN, Hilliard T, Wang S, Peterson T, Johnson RW, Sterling JA, Brantley‐Sieders D. EphA2 Is a Clinically Relevant Target for Breast Cancer Bone Metastatic Disease. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10465. [PMID: 33869989 PMCID: PMC8046157 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is highly expressed in breast tumor cells across multiple molecular subtypes and correlates with poor patient prognosis. In this study, the potential role of EphA2 in this clinically relevant phenomenon is investigated as metastasis of breast cancer to bone is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients. It was found that the EphA2 function in breast cancer cells promotes osteoclast activation and the development of osteolytic bone disease. Blocking EphA2 function molecularly and pharmacologically in breast tumors reduced the number and size of bone lesions and the degree of osteolytic disease in intratibial and intracardiac mouse models, which correlated with a significant decrease in the number of osteoclasts at the tumor-bone interface. EphA2 loss of function in tumor cells impaired osteoclast progenitor differentiation in coculture, which is mediated, at least in part, by reduced expression of IL-6. EPHA2 transcript levels are enriched in human breast cancer bone metastatic lesions relative to visceral metastatic sites; EphA2 protein expression was detected in breast tumor cells in bone metastases in patient samples, supporting the clinical relevance of the study's findings. These data provide a strong rationale for the development and application of molecularly targeted therapies against EphA2 for the treatment of breast cancer bone metastatic disease. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Vaught
- Department of Cancer BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Alyssa R Merkel
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Conor C Lynch
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
| | | | - Mohammed Noor Tantawy
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Timothy Hilliard
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Todd Peterson
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Division of Clinical PharmacologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Julie A Sterling
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone BiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System (VISN 9)Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Dana Brantley‐Sieders
- Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Tumor BiologyH. Lee Moffitt Cancer CenterTampaFLUSA
- Radiology and Vanderbilt Institute of Imaging SciencesVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and ImmunologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
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13
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Abstract
Radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) is a common complication in cancer patients receiving local thoracic radiation and bone marrow transplantation conditioning. It is divided into early-stage radiation pneumonitis and advanced radiation fibrosis of the lung. This severely hampers the quality of life and survival of cancer patients. Meanwhile, RILI is a major factor limiting radiation doses in clinical practice, which affects the local control of cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanism of RILI is still not well defined, and there are no treatment options available for these patients. In this review we summarize the methods and agents used for the treatment and prevention of RILI, with the aim of increasing understanding of RILI.
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14
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Wu B, Rockel JS, Lagares D, Kapoor M. Ephrins and Eph Receptor Signaling in Tissue Repair and Fibrosis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2019; 21:23. [PMID: 30980212 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-019-0825-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fibrosis is a pathological feature of many human diseases that affect multiple organs. The development of anti-fibrotic therapies has been a difficult endeavor due to the complexity of signaling pathways associated with fibrogenic processes, complicating the identification and modulation of specific targets. Evidence suggests that ephrin ligands and Eph receptors are crucial signaling molecules that contribute to physiological wound repair and the development of tissue fibrosis. Here, we discuss recent advances in the understanding of ephrin and Eph signaling in tissue repair and fibrosis. RECENT FINDINGS Ephrin-B2 is implicated in fibrosis of multiple organs. Intercepting its signaling may help counteract fibrosis. Ephrins and Eph receptors are candidate mediators of fibrosis. Ephrin-B2, in particular, promotes fibrogenic processes in multiple organs. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting Ephrin-B2 signaling could yield new ways to treat organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Wu
- The Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason S Rockel
- The Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Lagares
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Fibrosis Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- The Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Shichino S, Ueha S, Hashimoto S, Otsuji M, Abe J, Tsukui T, Deshimaru S, Nakajima T, Kosugi-Kanaya M, Shand FH, Inagaki Y, Shimano H, Matsushima K. Transcriptome network analysis identifies protective role of the LXR/SREBP-1c axis in murine pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122163. [PMID: 30626759 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is an intractable disorder with a poor prognosis. Although lung fibroblasts play a central role in PF, the key regulatory molecules involved in this process remain unknown. To address this issue, we performed a time-course transcriptome analysis on lung fibroblasts of bleomycin- and silica-treated murine lungs. We found gene modules whose expression kinetics were associated with the progression of PF and human idiopathic PF (IPF). Upstream analysis of a transcriptome network helped in identifying 55 hub transcription factors that were highly connected with PF-associated gene modules. Of these hubs, the expression of Srebf1 decreased in line with progression of PF and human IPF, suggesting its suppressive role in fibroblast activation. Consistently, adoptive transfer and genetic modification studies revealed that the hub transcription factor SREBP-1c suppressed PF-associated gene expression changes in lung fibroblasts and PF pathology in vivo. Moreover, therapeutic pharmacological activation of LXR, an SREBP-1c activator, suppressed the Srebf1-dependent activation of fibroblasts and progression of PF. Thus, SREBP-1c acts as a protective hub of lung fibroblast activation in PF. Collectively, the findings of the current study may prove to be valuable in the development of effective therapeutic strategies for PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Shichino
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ueha
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shinichi Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Integrative Medicine for Longevity, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Mikiya Otsuji
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Jun Abe
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Theodor Kocher Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tatsuya Tsukui
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shungo Deshimaru
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mizuha Kosugi-Kanaya
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Francis Hw Shand
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shimano
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kouji Matsushima
- Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Diseases, Research Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Serotonin Exhibits Accelerated Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis through TPH1 Knockout Mouse Experiments. Mediators Inflamm 2018; 2018:7967868. [PMID: 29849496 PMCID: PMC5926513 DOI: 10.1155/2018/7967868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary fibrosis is a chronic progressive fibrosis interstitial lung disease that is characterized by inflammatory infiltration and fibrotic changes. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is an important regulatory factor in inflammation, immunomodulation, and fibrosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of 5-HT in bleomycin- (BLM-) induced pulmonary fibrosis through wild-type C57BL/6 (WT) and TPH1 knockout (KO) mouse experiments. Methods The mice were grouped as follows: WT control group, KO control group, WT BLM group, and KO BLM group. Mice were administrated bleomycin hydrochloride through intratracheal instillation to induce pulmonary fibrosis. Mice were sacrificed 0, 7, 14, and 21 days after modeling, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to determine the severity of fibrotic changes. Results The results showed that the weight loss of mice in the WT BLM group was more severe than that in the KO BLM group. H&E and Sirius Red staining revealed that 5-HT markedly aggravated histological damage and fibrotic changes in the lung. Significantly lower levels of hydroxyproline, Ashcroft fibrosis score, total BALF protein and cells, BALF tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) α and interleukin- (IL-) 6, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA, malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase- (MPO-) positive cells in the lung tissues, and fibrosis-associated proteins were discovered in the mice from the KO BLM group compared with the WT BLM group. Conclusion 5-HT aggravated pulmonary fibrosis mainly by promoting the inflammation, exudation of proteins and cells, oxidative stress, and upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes in the lung tissues.
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