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Yan Q, Wang Q, Zhang Y, Yuan L, Hu J, Zhao X. The Novel-m0230-3p miRNA Modulates the CSF1/CSF1R/Ras Pathway to Regulate the Cell Tight Junctions and Blood-Testis Barrier in Yak. Cells 2024; 13:1304. [PMID: 39120333 PMCID: PMC11311379 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The yak (Bos grunniens) is a valuable livestock animal endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China with low reproductive rates. Cryptorchidism is one of the primary causes of infertility in male yaks. Compared with normal testes, the tight junctions (TJs) of Sertoli cells (SCs) and the integrity of the blood-testis barrier (BTB) in cryptorchidism are both disrupted. MicroRNAs are hairpin-derived RNAs of about 19-25 nucleotides in length and are involved in a variety of biological processes. Numerous studies have shown the involvement of microRNAs in the reproductive physiology of yak. In this study, we executed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to describe the expression profiles of mRNAs and microRNAs in yaks with normal testes and cryptorchidism to identify differentially expressed genes. GO and KEGG analyses were used to identify the biological processes and signaling pathways which the target genes of the differentially expressed microRNAs primarily engaged. It was found that novel-m0230-3p is an important miRNA that significantly differentiates between cryptorchidism and normal testes, and it is down-regulated in cryptorchidism with p < 0.05. Novel-m0230-3p and its target gene CSF1 both significantly contribute to the regulation of cell adhesion and tight junctions. The binding sites of novel-m0230-3p with CSF1 were validated by a dual luciferase reporter system. Then, mimics and inhibitors of novel-m0230-3p were transfected in vitro into SCs, respectively. A further analysis using qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence (IF), and Western blotting confirmed that the expression of cell adhesion and tight-junction-related proteins Occludin and ZO-1 both showed changes. Specifically, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of Occludin and ZO-1 in SCs decreased after transfection with the novel-m0230-3p mimics, while they increased after transfection with the inhibitors, with p < 0.05. These were achieved via the CSF1/CSF1R/Ras signaling pathway. In summary, our findings indicate a negative miRNA-mRNA regulatory network involving the CSF1/CSF1R/Ras signaling pathway in yak SCs. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of CSF1 and suggest that novel-m0230-3p and its target protein CSF1 could be used as potential therapeutic targets for yak cryptorchidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xingxu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agriculture University, Lanzhou 730070, China; (Y.Z.); (L.Y.); (J.H.); (X.Z.)
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Animal Generational Physiology and Reproductive Regulation, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Brune Z, Rice MR, Barnes BJ. Potential T Cell-Intrinsic Regulatory Roles for IRF5 via Cytokine Modulation in T Helper Subset Differentiation and Function. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1143. [PMID: 32582209 PMCID: PMC7283537 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon Regulatory Factor 5 (IRF5) is one of nine members of the IRF family of transcription factors. Although initially discovered as a key regulator of the type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine arm of the innate immune response, IRF5 has now been found to also mediate pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation, apoptosis, metabolic homeostasis and tumor suppression. Hyperactivation of IRF5 has been implicated in numerous autoimmune diseases, chief among them systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease in which patients often share similar characteristics in terms of autoantibody production and strong genetic risk factors, yet also possess unique disease signatures. IRF5 pathogenic alleles contribute one of the strongest risk factors for SLE disease development. Multiple models of murine lupus have shown that loss of Irf5 is protective against disease development. In an attempt to elucidate the regulatory role(s) of IRF5 in driving SLE pathogenesis, labs have begun to examine the function of IRF5 in several immune cell types, including B cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells. A somewhat untouched area of research on IRF5 is in T cells, even though Irf5 knockout mice were reported to have skewing of T cell subsets from T helper 1 (Th1) and T helper 17 (Th17) toward T helper 2 (Th2), indicating a potential role for IRF5 in T cell regulation. However, most studies attributed this T cell phenotype in Irf5 knockout mice to dysregulation of antigen presenting cell function rather than an intrinsic role for IRF5 in T cells. In this review, we offer a different interpretation of the literature. The role of IRF5 in T cells, specifically its control of T cell effector polarization and the resultant T cell-mediated cytokine production, has yet to be elucidated. A strong understanding of the regulatory role(s) of this key transcription factor in T cells is necessary for us to grasp the full picture of the complex pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases like SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarina Brune
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Matthew R. Rice
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Betsy J. Barnes
- Center for Autoimmune Musculoskeletal and Hematopoietic Diseases, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Departments of Molecular Medicine and Pediatrics, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
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Zhang P, Yue K, Liu X, Yan X, Yang Z, Duan J, Xia C, Xu X, Zhang M, Liang L, Wang L, Han H. Endothelial Notch activation promotes neutrophil transmigration via downregulating endomucin to aggravate hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:375-387. [PMID: 32048161 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-019-1596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory leukocytes infiltration is orchestrated by mechanisms involving chemokines, selectins, addressins and other adhesion molecules derived from endothelial cells (ECs), but how they respond to inflammatory cues and coordinate leukocyte transmigration remain elusive. In this study, using hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) as a model, we identified that endothelial Notch activation was rapidly and dynamically induced in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) in acute inflammation. In mice with EC-specific Notch activation (NICeCA), HIRI induced exacerbated liver damage. Consistently, endothelial Notch activation enhanced neutrophil infiltration and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression in HIRI. Transcriptome analysis and further qRT-PCR as well as immunofluorescence indicated that endomucin (EMCN), a negative regulator of leukocyte adhesion, was downregulated in LSECs from NICeCA mice. EMCN was downregulated during HIRI in wild-type mice and in vitro cultured ECs insulted by hypoxia/re-oxygenation injury. Notch activation in ECs led to increased neutrophil adhesion and transendothelial migration, which was abrogated by EMCN overexpression in vitro. In mice deficient of RBPj, the integrative transcription factor of canonical Notch signaling, although overwhelming sinusoidal malformation aggravated HIRI, the expression of EMCN was upregulated; and pharmaceutical Notch blockade in vitro also upregulated EMCN and inhibited transendothelial migration of neutrophils. The Notch activation-exaggerated HIRI was compromised by blocking LFA-1, which mediated leukocyte adherence by associating with EMCN. Therefore, endothelial Notch signaling controls neutrophil transmigration via EMCN to modulate acute inflammation in HIRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kangyi Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xianchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Juanli Duan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Congcong Xia
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Almuttaqi H, Udalova IA. Advances and challenges in targeting IRF5, a key regulator of inflammation. FEBS J 2018; 286:1624-1637. [PMID: 30199605 PMCID: PMC6563445 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) belongs to a family of transcription factors, originally implicated in antiviral responses and interferon production. However, studies conducted in different laboratories over the last decade have placed IRF5 as a central regulator of the inflammatory response. It has become clear that IRF5 contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease and systemic lupus erythematosus. Given the role of IRF5 in physiology and disease, IRF5 represents a potential therapeutic target. However, despite a significant interest from the pharmaceutical industry, inhibitors that interfere with the IRF5 pathway remain elusive. Here, we review the advances made by various studies in targeting multiple steps of signalling leading to IRF5 activation with their therapeutic potential, and the possible complications of such strategies are discussed.
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Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in human chondrocytes. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:231-236. [PMID: 29274624 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) plays a pivotal role in the destruction of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA). The regulation of gene expression of MMP-3 is complicated. Interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) is a member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. Little information regarding the biological function of IRF5 on chondrocytes and the pathogenesis of OA has been reported. In the current study, for the first time, we report that IRF5 is expressed in human primary chondrocytes and human chondrosarcoma cell line SW1353 cells. In addition, IRF5 is upregulated in response to TNF-α treatment in a dose dependent manner. Interestingly, IRF5 is significantly higher in chondrocytes from OA patients compared to those from normal subjects. Notably, IRF5 mediates TNF-α- induced expression of MMP-3 in chondrocytes. Overexpression of IRF5 promotes the expression of MMP-3, however, knockdown of IRF5 reduces the expression of MMP-3. Mechanistically, IRF5 is able to enhance the transcription of MMP-3 by binding to its promoter. Also, we found that NF-κB was involved in the effects of IRF-5 on MMP-3 expression. These findings suggest that IRF5 might be a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of OA and RA.
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