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Robinson KG, Marsh AG, Lee SK, Hicks J, Romero B, Batish M, Crowgey EL, Shrader MW, Akins RE. DNA Methylation Analysis Reveals Distinct Patterns in Satellite Cell-Derived Myogenic Progenitor Cells of Subjects with Spastic Cerebral Palsy. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12121978. [PMID: 36556199 PMCID: PMC9780849 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12121978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spastic type cerebral palsy (CP) is a complex neuromuscular disorder that involves altered skeletal muscle microanatomy and growth, but little is known about the mechanisms contributing to muscle pathophysiology and dysfunction. Traditional genomic approaches have provided limited insight regarding disease onset and severity, but recent epigenomic studies indicate that DNA methylation patterns can be altered in CP. Here, we examined whether a diagnosis of spastic CP is associated with intrinsic DNA methylation differences in myoblasts and myotubes derived from muscle resident stem cell populations (satellite cells; SCs). Twelve subjects were enrolled (6 CP; 6 control) with informed consent/assent. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained during orthopedic surgeries, and SCs were isolated and cultured to establish patient-specific myoblast cell lines capable of proliferation and differentiation in culture. DNA methylation analyses indicated significant differences at 525 individual CpG sites in proliferating SC-derived myoblasts (MB) and 1774 CpG sites in differentiating SC-derived myotubes (MT). Of these, 79 CpG sites were common in both culture types. The distribution of differentially methylated 1 Mbp chromosomal segments indicated distinct regional hypo- and hyper-methylation patterns, and significant enrichment of differentially methylated sites on chromosomes 12, 13, 14, 15, 18, and 20. Average methylation load across 2000 bp regions flanking transcriptional start sites was significantly different in 3 genes in MBs, and 10 genes in MTs. SC derived MBs isolated from study participants with spastic CP exhibited fundamental differences in DNA methylation compared to controls at multiple levels of organization that may reveal new targets for studies of mechanisms contributing to muscle dysregulation in spastic CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn G. Robinson
- Nemours Children’s Research, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Adam G. Marsh
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Stephanie K. Lee
- Nemours Children’s Research, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Jonathan Hicks
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Brigette Romero
- Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Mona Batish
- Medical and Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Erin L. Crowgey
- Nemours Children’s Research, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - M. Wade Shrader
- Department of Orthopedics, Nemours Children’s Hospital Delaware, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Robert E. Akins
- Nemours Children’s Research, Nemours Children’s Health System, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-302-651-6779
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Casado-Navarro R, Serrano-Saiz E. DMRT Transcription Factors in the Control of Nervous System Sexual Differentiation. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:937596. [PMID: 35958734 PMCID: PMC9361473 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.937596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sexual phenotypic differences in the nervous system are one of the most prevalent features across the animal kingdom. The molecular mechanisms responsible for sexual dimorphism throughout metazoan nervous systems are extremely diverse, ranging from intrinsic cell autonomous mechanisms to gonad-dependent endocrine control of sexual traits, or even extrinsic environmental cues. In recent years, the DMRT ancient family of transcription factors has emerged as being central in the development of sex-specific differentiation in all animals in which they have been studied. In this review, we provide an overview of the function of Dmrt genes in nervous system sexual regulation from an evolutionary perspective.
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Kikkawa T, Osumi N. Multiple Functions of the Dmrt Genes in the Development of the Central Nervous System. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:789583. [PMID: 34955736 PMCID: PMC8695973 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.789583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dmrt genes encode the transcription factor containing the DM (doublesex and mab-3) domain, an intertwined zinc finger-like DNA binding module. While Dmrt genes are mainly involved in the sexual development of various species, recent studies have revealed that Dmrt genes, which belong to the DmrtA subfamily, are differentially expressed in the embryonic brain and spinal cord and are essential for the development of the central nervous system. Herein, we summarize recent studies that reveal the multiple functions of the Dmrt genes in various aspects of vertebrate neural development, including brain patterning, neurogenesis, and the specification of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Kikkawa
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Noriko Osumi
- Department of Developmental Neuroscience, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine (ART), Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Mona B, Villarreal J, Savage TK, Kollipara RK, Boisvert BE, Johnson JE. Positive autofeedback regulation of Ptf1a transcription generates the levels of PTF1A required to generate itch circuit neurons. Genes Dev 2020; 34:621-636. [PMID: 32241803 PMCID: PMC7197352 DOI: 10.1101/gad.332577.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Mona et al. set out to investigate the role of Ptf1a in specifying a subset of dorsal spinal cord inhibitory neurons in mice in vivo. The authors used CRISPR to target multiple noncoding sequences with putative cis-regulatory activity controlling Ptf1a and demonstrate a requirement for positive transcriptional autoregulatory feedback to attain the levels of PTF1A necessary for generating correctly balanced neuronal circuits. Peripheral somatosensory input is modulated in the dorsal spinal cord by a network of excitatory and inhibitory interneurons. PTF1A is a transcription factor essential in dorsal neural tube progenitors for specification of these inhibitory neurons. Thus, mechanisms regulating Ptf1a expression are key for generating neuronal circuits underlying somatosensory behaviors. Mutations targeted to distinct cis-regulatory elements for Ptf1a in mice, tested the in vivo contribution of each element individually and in combination. Mutations in an autoregulatory enhancer resulted in reduced levels of PTF1A, and reduced numbers of specific dorsal spinal cord inhibitory neurons, particularly those expressing Pdyn and Gal. Although these mutants survive postnatally, at ∼3–5 wk they elicit a severe scratching phenotype. Behaviorally, the mutants have increased sensitivity to itch, but acute sensitivity to other sensory stimuli such as mechanical or thermal pain is unaffected. We demonstrate a requirement for positive transcriptional autoregulatory feedback to attain the level of the neuronal specification factor PTF1A necessary for generating correctly balanced neuronal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bishakha Mona
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Juan Villarreal
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Trisha K Savage
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Rahul K Kollipara
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Brooke E Boisvert
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Jane E Johnson
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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Amano T, Onogi A, Yamada F, Kawai M, Shirai K, Ueda J. Genome-wide association mapping and examination of possible maternal effect for the pace trait of horses. Anim Genet 2018; 49:461-463. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Amano
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics; Department of Sustainable Agriculture; College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido 069-0836 Japan
| | - A. Onogi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Biology; Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - F. Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido 056-0141 Japan
| | - M. Kawai
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere; Hokkaido University; Hokkaido 056-0141 Japan
| | - K. Shirai
- Hokkaido Native Horse Preservation Association; Hokkaido 063-0804 Japan
| | - J. Ueda
- Laboratory of Animal Genetics; Department of Sustainable Agriculture; College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Sciences; Rakuno Gakuen University; Hokkaido 069-0836 Japan
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