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Rueda-Robles A, Audano M, Álvarez-Mercado AI, Rubio-Tomás T. Functions of SMYD proteins in biological processes: What do we know? An updated review. Arch Biochem Biophys 2021; 712:109040. [PMID: 34555372 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2021.109040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epigenetic modifiers, such as methyltransferases, play crucial roles in the regulation of many biological processes, including development, cancer and multiple physiopathological conditions. SUMMARY The Su(Var)3-9, Enhancer-of-zeste and Trithorax (SET) and Myeloid, Nervy, and DEAF-1 (MYND) domain-containing (SMYD) protein family consists of five members in humans and mice (i.e. SMYD1, SMYD2, SMYD3, SMYD4 and SMYD5), which are known or predicted to have methyltransferase activity on histone and non-histone substrates. The abundance of information concerning SMYD2 and SMYD3 is of note, whereas the other members of the SMYD family have not been so thoroughly studied CONCLUSION: Here we review the literature regarding SMYD proteins published in the last five years, including basic molecular biology mechanistic studies using in vitro systems and animal models, as well as human studies with a more translational or clinical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ascensión Rueda-Robles
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Matteo Audano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ana I Álvarez-Mercado
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Armilla, Granada, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Granada, 18014, Spain.
| | - Teresa Rubio-Tomás
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036, Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013, Herakleion, Crete, Greece.
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3
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Jiao S, Xu R, Du S. Smyd1 is essential for myosin expression and sarcomere organization in craniofacial, extraocular, and cardiac muscles. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:208-218. [PMID: 33958316 PMCID: PMC9234968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal and cardiac muscles are striated myofibers that contain highly organized sarcomeres for muscle contraction. Recent studies revealed that Smyd1, a lysine methyltransferase, plays a key role in sarcomere assembly in heart and trunk skeletal muscles. However, Smyd1 expression and function in craniofacial muscles are not known. Here, we analyze the developmental expression and function of two smyd1 paralogous genes, smyd1a and smyd1b, in craniofacial and cardiac muscles of zebrafish embryos. Our data show that loss of smyd1a (smyd1amb5) or smyd1b (smyd1bsa15678) has no visible effects on myogenic commitment and expression of myod and myosin heavy-chain mRNA transcripts in craniofacial muscles. However, myosin heavy-chain protein accumulation and sarcomere organization are dramatically reduced in smyd1bsa15678 single mutant, and almost completely diminish in smyd1amb5; smyd1bsa15678 double mutant, but not in smyd1amb5 mutant. Similar defects are also observed in cardiac muscles of smyd1bsa15678 mutant. Defective craniofacial and cardiac muscle formation is associated with an upregulation of hsp90α1 and unc45b mRNA expression in smyd1bsa15678 and smyd1amb5; smyd1bsa15678 mutants. Together, our studies indicate that Smyd1b, but not Smyd1a, plays a key role in myosin heavy-chain protein expression and sarcomere organization in craniofacial and cardiac muscles. Loss of smyd1b results in muscle-specific stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Jiao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA; Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA.
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4
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Kröll-Hermi A, Ebstein F, Stoetzel C, Geoffroy V, Schaefer E, Scheidecker S, Bär S, Takamiya M, Kawakami K, Zieba BA, Studer F, Pelletier V, Eyermann C, Speeg-Schatz C, Laugel V, Lipsker D, Sandron F, McGinn S, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Kuhn L, Chicher J, Hammann P, Friant S, Etard C, Krüger E, Muller J, Strähle U, Dollfus H. Proteasome subunit PSMC3 variants cause neurosensory syndrome combining deafness and cataract due to proteotoxic stress. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11861. [PMID: 32500975 PMCID: PMC7338805 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin–proteasome system degrades ubiquitin‐modified proteins to maintain protein homeostasis and to control signalling. Whole‐genome sequencing of patients with severe deafness and early‐onset cataracts as part of a neurological, sensorial and cutaneous novel syndrome identified a unique deep intronic homozygous variant in the PSMC3 gene, encoding the proteasome ATPase subunit Rpt5, which lead to the transcription of a cryptic exon. The proteasome content and activity in patient's fibroblasts was however unaffected. Nevertheless, patient's cells exhibited impaired protein homeostasis characterized by accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins suggesting severe proteotoxic stress. Indeed, the TCF11/Nrf1 transcriptional pathway allowing proteasome recovery after proteasome inhibition is permanently activated in the patient's fibroblasts. Upon chemical proteasome inhibition, this pathway was however impaired in patient's cells, which were unable to compensate for proteotoxic stress although a higher proteasome content and activity. Zebrafish modelling for knockout in PSMC3 remarkably reproduced the human phenotype with inner ear development anomalies as well as cataracts, suggesting that Rpt5 plays a major role in inner ear, lens and central nervous system development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Kröll-Hermi
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme (IBCS, BIP), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Corinne Stoetzel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Véronique Geoffroy
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Elise Schaefer
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Scheidecker
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Séverine Bär
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Masanari Takamiya
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme (IBCS, BIP), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan.,Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Mishima, Japan
| | - Barbara A Zieba
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fouzia Studer
- Filière SENSGENE, Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valerie Pelletier
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Filière SENSGENE, Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carine Eyermann
- Service de chirurgie ORL, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Claude Speeg-Schatz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Laugel
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Pédiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Dan Lipsker
- Faculté de Médecine, Hôpitaux Universitaires, Université de Strasbourg et Clinique Dermatologique, Strasbourg, France
| | - Florian Sandron
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Steven McGinn
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France.,Centre d'études du polymorphisme humain-Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
| | - Lauriane Kuhn
- CNRS FRC1589, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johana Chicher
- CNRS FRC1589, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Hammann
- CNRS FRC1589, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IBMC), Plateforme Protéomique Strasbourg-Esplanade, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvie Friant
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), UMR7156, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Etard
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme (IBCS, BIP), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie (IMBM), Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jean Muller
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Laboratoires de Diagnostic Génétique, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Uwe Strähle
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Biologische und Chemische Systeme (IBCS, BIP), Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Hélène Dollfus
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, INSERM, UMRS_1112, Institut de Génétique Médicale d'Alsace (IGMA), Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de médecine de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Service de Génétique Médicale, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Filière SENSGENE, Centre de Référence pour les affections rares en génétique ophtalmologique, CARGO, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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5
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Cai M, Han L, Liu L, He F, Chu W, Zhang J, Tian Z, Du S. Defective sarcomere assembly in smyd1a and smyd1b zebrafish mutants. FASEB J 2019; 33:6209-6225. [PMID: 30817176 PMCID: PMC6463926 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801578r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two smyd1 paralogues, smyd1a and smyd1b, have been identified in zebrafish. Although Smyd1b function has been reported in fast muscle, its function in slow muscle and the function of Smyd1a, in general, are uncertain. In this study, we generated 2 smyd1a mutant alleles and analyzed the muscle defects in smyd1a and smyd1b single and double mutants in zebrafish. We demonstrated that knockout of smyd1a alone had no visible effect on muscle development and fish survival. This was in contrast to the smyd1b mutant, which exhibited skeletal and cardiac muscle defects, leading to early embryonic lethality. The smyd1a and smyd1b double mutants, however, showed a stronger muscle defect compared with smyd1a or smyd1b mutation alone, namely, the complete disruption of sarcomere organization in slow and fast muscles. Immunostaining revealed that smyd1a; smyd1b double mutations had no effect on myosin gene expression but resulted in a dramatic reduction of myosin protein levels in muscle cells of zebrafish embryos. This was accompanied by the up-regulation of hsp40 and hsp90-α1 gene expression. Together, our studies indicate that both Smyd1a and Smyd1b partake in slow and fast muscle development although Smyd1b plays a dominant role compared with Smyd1a.-Cai, M., Han, L., Liu, L., He, F., Chu, W., Zhang, J., Tian, Z., Du, S. Defective sarcomere assembly in smyd1a and smyd1b zebrafish mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;,Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Lichen Han
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lusha Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;,School of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenjun Tian
- Institute of Sports and Exercise Biology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;,Correspondence: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 East Pratt St., Baltimore, MD 21202, USA. E-mail:
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