Effect of trichostatin A on Burkitt's lymphoma cells: Inhibition of EPS8 activity through Phospho-Erk1/2 pathway

Exploring the Potential of Enhanced Prognostic Performance of NCCN-IPI in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma by Integrating Tumor Microenvironment Markers: Stromal FOXC1 and Tumor pERK1/2 Expression

BACKGROUND

FOXC1 and ERK1-2 are proteins implicated in aggressive biological behavior of various malignancies including lymphomas.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

We investigate the additive prognostic value of stromal FOXC1 expression and tumor phosphorylated ERK1-2 (pERK1-2) expression to the established National Comprehensive Cancer Network International Prognostic Index (NCCN-IPI), in 92 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cases. Multidimensional analysis using statistics and machine learning (ML) models assessed prognostic value of established clinicopathologic variables with stromal FOXC1 and tumor pERK1-2 expressions.

RESULTS

Both high FOXC1 stroma group and high pERK1-2 tumor group were significantly associated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with low group (p = 0.015, 0.034 and p = 0.025, 0.025 each respectively). In multivariable analysis, high FOXC1 stromal expression was an independent prognostic factor of OS (p = 0.037). The addition of stromal FOXC1 and tumor pERK1-2 to the NCCN-IPI score significantly improved prediction of time to death compared with NCCN-IPI score alone (Harrell's C-index = 0.801 vs. 0.764; p = 0.030). ML models reconfirmed the addition of stromal FOXC1 expression and tumor pERK1-2 to NCCN-IPI score had the highest C-index (0.952) among combinations. Stromal FOXC1 and tumor pERK1-2 were determinants of DLBCL prognosis, whose addition significantly improved prognostic performance of the NCCN-IPI.

Pharmacological Properties of Trichostatin A, Focusing on the Anticancer Potential: A Comprehensive Review

Trichostatin A (TSA), a natural derivative of dienohydroxamic acid derived from a fungal metabolite, exhibits various biological activities. It exerts antidiabetic activity and reverses high glucose levels caused by the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in Schwann cells, anti-inflammatory activity by suppressing the expression of various cytokines, and significant antioxidant activity by suppressing oxidative stress through multiple mechanisms. Most importantly, TSA exhibits potent inhibitory activity against different types of cancer through different pathways. The anticancer activity of TSA appeared in many in vitro and in vivo investigations that involved various cell lines and animal models. Indeed, TSA exhibits anticancer properties alone or in combination with other drugs used in chemotherapy. It induces sensitivity of some human cancers toward chemotherapeutical drugs. TSA also exhibits its action on epigenetic modulators involved in cell transformation, and therefore it is considered an epidrug candidate for cancer therapy. Accordingly, this work presents a comprehensive review of the most recent developments in utilizing this natural compound for the prevention, management, and treatment of various diseases, including cancer, along with the multiple mechanisms of action. In addition, this review summarizes the most recent and relevant literature that deals with the use of TSA as a therapeutic agent against various diseases, emphasizing its anticancer potential and the anticancer molecular mechanisms. Moreover, TSA has not been involved in toxicological effects on normal cells. Furthermore, this work highlights the potential utilization of TSA as a complementary or alternative medicine for preventing and treating cancer, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs.

Effects and mechanisms of Eps8 on the biological behaviour of malignant tumours (Review)

Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (Eps8) was initially identified as the substrate for the kinase activity of EGFR, improving the responsiveness of EGF, which is involved in cell mitosis, differentiation and other physiological functions. Numerous studies over the last decade have demonstrated that Eps8 is overexpressed in most ubiquitous malignant tumours and subsequently binds with its receptor to activate multiple signalling pathways. Eps8 not only participates in the regulation of malignant phenotypes, such as tumour proliferation, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance, but is also related to the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients. Therefore, Eps8 is a potential tumour diagnosis and prognostic biomarker and even a therapeutic target. This review aimed to describe the structural characteristics, role and related molecular mechanism of Eps8 in malignant tumours. In addition, the prospect of Eps8 as a target for cancer therapy is examined.