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Kajikawa S, Ezura Y, Izu Y, Nakashima K, Noda M, Nifuji A. Profilin-1 negatively controls osteoclast migration by suppressing the protrusive structures based on branched actin filaments. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:561-570. [PMID: 35428898 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profilin-1 (Pfn1), an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein, is an important regulator of the cytoskeleton. We previously reported the osteoclast-specific Pfn1-conditional knockout (cKO) mice had postnatal osteolytic phenotype with craniofacial and long-bone deformities associated with increased migration of cultured osteoclasts. We hypothesized the increased cellular processes structured with branched actin filaments may underlies the mechanism of increased bone resorption in these mutant mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphological structure and cell migration of the cultured osteoclasts were analyzed using fluorescent microscopy and time-lapse image capturing. Fractional migration distances, as well as the index of protrusive structures (%-PB) that evaluates relative border length of the protrusion were compared between the cells from control and Pfn1-cKO mice. RESULTS Time-lapse image analysis showed that %-PB was significantly larger in Pfn1-cKO osteoclasts. In addition, the fractional migration distance was positively correlated with the index. When the branched actin filament organization was suppressed by chemical inhibitors, the osteoclast migration was declined. Importantly, the suppression was more extensive in Pfn1-cKO than in control osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the causative involvement of the increased branched actin filament formation at least in part for their excessive migration. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for testing novel therapeutic approaches targeting branched actin filaments in osteolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kajikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 170-0013, Japan.
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Orthopedics, TMDU, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, TMDU, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Nifuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
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Sun P, Li R, Meng Y, Xi S, Wang Q, Yang X, Peng X, Cai J. Introduction to DOK2 and its potential role in cancer. Physiol Res 2021; 70:671-685. [PMID: 34505522 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease that modern medicine ultimately aims to overcome. Downstream of tyrosine kinase 2 (DOK2) is a well-known tumor suppressor gene, and a member of the downstream protein DOK family of tyrosine kinases. Through a search of original literature indexed in PubMed and other databases, the present review aims to extricate the mechanisms by which DOK2 acts on cancer, thereby identifying more reliable and effective therapeutic targets to promote enhanced methods of cancer prevention and treatment. The review focuses on the role of DOK2 in multiple tumor types in the lungs, intestines, liver, and breast. Additionally, we discuss the potential mechanisms of action of DOK2 and the downstream consequences via the Ras/MPAK/ERK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. or Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China. or Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei.
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Loh JT, Teo JKH, Lim HH, Lam KP. Emerging Roles of Downstream of Kinase 3 in Cell Signaling. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566192. [PMID: 33133079 PMCID: PMC7550416 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Downstream of kinase (Dok) 3 is a member of the Dok family of adaptor proteins known to regulate signaling pathways downstream of various immunoreceptors. As Dok-3 lacks intrinsic catalytic activity, it functions primarily as a molecular scaffold to facilitate the nucleation of protein complexes in a regulated manner and hence, achieve specificity in directing signaling cascades. Since its discovery, considerable progress has been made toward defining the role of Dok-3 in limiting B cell-receptor signaling. Nonetheless, Dok-3 has since been implicated in the signaling of Toll-like and C-type lectin receptors. Emerging data further demonstrate that Dok-3 can act both as an activator and inhibitor, in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cell types, suggesting Dok-3 involvement in a plethora of signal transduction pathways. In this review, we will focus on the structure and expression profile of Dok-3 and highlight its role during signal transduction in B cells, innate cells as well as in bone and lung tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Tong Loh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joey Kay Hui Teo
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong-Hwa Lim
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kong-Peng Lam
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Shirakawa J, Kajikawa S, Böttcher RT, Costell M, Izu Y, Hayata T, Noda M, Ezura Y. Profilin 1 Negatively Regulates Osteoclast Migration in Postnatal Skeletal Growth, Remodeling, and Homeostasis in Mice. JBMR Plus 2019; 3:e10130. [PMID: 31346562 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1 (Pfn1), a regulator of actin polymerization, controls cell movement in a context-dependent manner. Pfn1 supports the locomotion of most adherent cells by assisting actin-filament elongation, as has been shown in skeletal progenitor cells in our previous study. However, because Pfn1 has also been known to inhibit migration of certain cells, including T cells, by suppressing branched-end elongation of actin filaments, we hypothesized that its roles in osteoclasts may be different from that of osteoblasts. By investigating the osteoclasts in culture, we first verified that Pfn1-knockdown (KD) enhances bone resorption in preosteoclastic RAW264.7 cells, despite having a comparable number and size of osteoclasts. Pfn1-KD in bone marrow cells showed similar results. Mechanistically, Pfn1-KD osteoclasts appeared more mobile than in controls. In vivo, the osteoclast-specific conditional Pfn1-deficient mice (Pfn1-cKO) by CathepsinK-Cre driver demonstrated postnatal skeletal phenotype, including dwarfism, craniofacial deformities, and long-bone metaphyseal osteolytic expansion, by 8 weeks of age. Metaphyseal and diaphyseal femurs were drastically expanded with suppressed trabecular bone mass as indicated by μCT analysis. Histologically, TRAP-positive osteoclasts were increased at endosteal metaphysis to diaphysis of Pfn1-cKO mice. The enhanced movement of Pfn1-cKO osteoclasts in culture was associated with a slight increase in cell size and podosome belt length, as well as an increase in bone-resorbing activity. Our study, for the first time, demonstrated that Pfn1 has critical roles in inhibiting osteoclast motility and bone resorption, thereby contributing to essential roles in postnatal skeletal homeostasis. Our study also provides novel insight into understanding skeletal deformities in human disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jumpei Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Department of Oral Medicine and Stomatology School of Dental Medicine Tsurumi University Yokohama Japan
| | - Shuhei Kajikawa
- Frontier Research Unit Skeletal Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Ralph T Böttcher
- Department of Molecular Medicine Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - Mercedes Costell
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty of Biology University of Valencia Spain
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hayata
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Department of Molecular Pharmacology Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science Tokyo University of Science Noda CHIBA Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Yokohama City Minato Red Cross Hospital Yokohama Japan.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan.,Frontier Research Unit Skeletal Molecular Pharmacology Medical Research Institute Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
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