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Qi Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Cai M, Zhang B, Yu Z, Li Y, Huang J, Chen X, Song Y, Liu S. S100A family is a group of immune markers associated with poor prognosis and immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:637. [PMID: 37420211 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11127-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common human cancers with poor prognosis in the world. HCC has become the second leading cause of cancer-related death in China. It is urgent to identify novel biomarker and valid target to effectively diagnose, treat or predict the prognosis of HCC. It has been reported that S100A family is closely related to cell proliferation and migration of different cancers. However, the values of S100As in HCC remain to be further analyzed. METHODS We investigated the transcriptional and translational expression of S100As, as well as the value of this family in HCC patients from the various databases. RESULTS S100A10 was most relevant to HCC. CONCLUSIONS The results from HCC patients' tissues and different cells also confirmed the role of S100A10 in HCC. Furthermore, we proved that S100A10 could influenced the cell proliferation of HCC cells via ANXA2/Akt/mTOR pathway. However, it would appear that the relationship between S100A10 and HCC is complex and requires more research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Qi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangdong Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Liling, Hunan Province, 412200, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianwen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangdong Hospital Affiliated to Hunan Normal University, Liling, Hunan Province, 412200, China
| | - Mengting Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Zhangtao Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Yuhang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China
| | - Yinghui Song
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China.
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China.
| | - Sulai Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Central Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China.
- Central Laboratory of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, China.
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S100A10 Promotes Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cells Proliferation, Migration and Adhesion through JNK/LAMB3-LAMC2 Axis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010202. [PMID: 36612197 PMCID: PMC9818352 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, characterized by diagnosis at an advanced stage and a poor prognosis. As a member of the S100 protein family, S100A10 regulates multiple biological functions related to cancer progression and metastasis. However, the role of S100A10 in PDAC is still not completely elucidated. In this study, we reported that S100A10 was significantly up-regulated in PDAC tissue and associated with a poor prognosis by integrated bioinformatic analysis and human PDAC tissue samples. In vitro, down-regulation of S100A10 reduced the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of PDAC cell lines, whereas up-regulation of S100A10 showed the opposite effect. Furthermore, LAMB3 was proved to be activated by S100A10 using RNA-sequencing and western blotting. The effect of LAMB3 on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of PDAC cells was similar to that of S100A10. Up-regulation or down-regulation of LAMB3 could reverse the corresponding effect of S100A10. Moreover, we validated S100A10 activates LAMB3 through the JNK pathway, and LAMB3 was further proved to interact with LAMC2. Mice-bearing orthotopic pancreatic tumors showed that S100A10 knocked-down PANC-1 cells had a smaller tumor size than the control group. In conclusion, S100A10 promotes PDAC cells proliferation, migration, and adhesion through JNK/LAMB3-LAMC2 axis.
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Ma K, Chen S, Chen X, Yang C, Yang J. S100A10 Is a New Prognostic Biomarker Related to the Malignant Molecular Features and Immunosuppression Process of Adult Gliomas. World Neurosurg 2022; 165:e650-e663. [PMID: 35779750 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2022.06.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated the role of S100A10 in the progression of several tumors; however, few studies have investigated its immunological characteristics in adult gliomas. In this study, we systematically explored its biological features and clinical significance in adult gliomas. METHODS Altogether, 325 glioma cases from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas and 699 glioma cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas were included as the training and validation cohorts. R software was used for data analysis and mapping using the RNA sequencing data from these cases. One-way analysis of variance and Student's t-test were used to assess the differences between the groups. Differences were considered statistically significant at P < 0.05. RESULTS We found that S100A10 was remarkably highly expressed in high-grade glioma, isocitrate dehydrogenase wild type, 1p19q noncodeletion type, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase promoter unmethylation type, and mesenchymal-like molecular subtype. S100A10 specifically and sensitively indicates the mesenchymal-like molecular subtype. Upregulated S100A10 levels were independently correlated with poor survival. S100A10-related biological processes in gliomas mainly concentrate on immunoreaction and inflammatory response. We then proved that S100A10 was positively related to most inflammatory metagenes, except IgG, including HCK, LCK, MHC II, STAT1, and interferon. More importantly, the levels of glioma-infiltrating immune cells were positively associated with the expression of S100A10, especially in tumor-related macrophages, regulatory T cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. CONCLUSIONS S100A10 is closely related to malignant pathological subtypes, worse prognosis, and immunosuppressive immune cell infiltration in adult gliomas, making it a promising biomarker and potential target in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Suhua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China; Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.
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Downstream Signaling of Inflammasome Pathway Affects Patients' Outcome in the Context of Distinct Molecular Breast Cancer Subtypes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060651. [PMID: 35745570 PMCID: PMC9229152 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are protein complexes involved in the regulation of different biological conditions. Over the past few years, the role of NLRP3 in different tumor types has gained interest. In breast cancer (BC), NLRP3 has been associated with multiple processes including epithelia mesenchymal transition, invasion and metastization. Little is known about molecular modifications of NLRP3 up-regulation. In this study, in a cohort of BCs, the expression levels of NLRP3 and PYCARD were analyzed in combination with CyclinD1 and MYC ones and their gene alterations. We described a correlation between the NLRP3/PYCARD axis and CyclinD1 (p < 0.0001). NLRP3, PYCARD and CyclinD1’s positive expression was observed in estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) positive cases (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, a reduction of NLRP3 and PYCARD expression has been observed in triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) with respect to the Luminal phenotypes (p = 0.017 and p = 0.0015, respectively). The association NLRP3+/CCND1+ or PYCARD+/CCND1+ was related to more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics and a worse clinical outcome, both for progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) with respect to NLRP3+/CCND1− or PYCARD+/CCND1− patients, both in the whole cohort and also in the subset of Luminal tumors. In conclusion, our study shows that the NLRP3 inflammasome complex is down-regulated in TNBC compared to the Luminal subgroup. Moreover, the expression levels of NLRP3 and PYCARD together with the alterations of CCND1 results in Luminal subtype BC’ss poor prognosis.
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A Novel Immune-Related Gene Signature Predicts Prognosis of Lung Adenocarcinoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4995874. [PMID: 35437508 PMCID: PMC9013292 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4995874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common form of lung cancer, accounting for 30% of all cases and 40% of all non-small-cell lung cancer cases. Immune-related genes play a significant role in predicting the overall survival and monitoring the status of the cancer immune microenvironment. The present study was aimed at finding an immune-related gene signature for predicting LUAD patient outcomes. Methods First, we chose the TCGA-LUAD project in the TCGA database as the training cohort for model training. For model validating, we found the datasets of GSE72094 and GSE68465 in the GEO database and took them as the candidate cohorts. We obtained 1793 immune-related genes from the ImmPort database and put them into a univariate Cox proportional hazard model to initially look for the genes with potential prognostic ability using the data of the training cohort. These identified genes then entered into a random survival forests-variable hunting algorithm for the best combination of genes for prognosis. In addition, the LASSO Cox regression model tested whether the gene combination can be further shrinkage, thereby constructing a gene signature. The Kaplan-Meier, Cox model, and ROC curve were deployed to examine the gene signature's prognosis in both cohorts. We conducted GSEA analysis to study further the mechanisms and pathways that involved the gene signature. Finally, we performed integrating analyses about the 22 TICs, fully interpreted the relationship between our signature and each TIC, and highlighted some TICs playing vital roles in the signature's prognostic ability. Results A nine-gene signature was produced from the data of the training cohort. The Kaplan-Meier estimator, Cox proportional hazard model, and ROC curve confirmed the independence and predictive ability of the signature, using the data from the validation cohort. The GSEA analysis results illustrated the gene signature's mechanism and emphasized the importance of immune-related pathways for the gene signature. 22 TICs immune infiltration analysis revealed resting mast cells' key roles in contributing to gene signature's prognostic ability. Conclusions This study discovered a novel immune-related nine-gene signature (BTK, CCR6, S100A10, SEMA3C, GPI, SCG2, TNFRSF11A, CCL20, and DKK1) that predicts LUAD prognosis precisely and associates with resting mast cells strongly.
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Bharadwaj AG, Kempster E, Waisman DM. The ANXA2/S100A10 Complex—Regulation of the Oncogenic Plasminogen Receptor. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121772. [PMID: 34944416 PMCID: PMC8698604 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of the serine protease plasmin is initiated by the binding of its zymogenic precursor, plasminogen, to cell surface receptors. The proteolytic activity of plasmin, generated at the cell surface, plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including fibrinolysis, angiogenesis, wound healing, and the invasion of cells through both the basement membrane and extracellular matrix. The seminal observation by Albert Fischer that cancer cells, but not normal cells in culture, produce large amounts of plasmin formed the basis of current-day observations that plasmin generation can be hijacked by cancer cells to allow tumor development, progression, and metastasis. Thus, the cell surface plasminogen-binding receptor proteins are critical to generating plasmin proteolytic activity at the cell surface. This review focuses on one of the twelve well-described plasminogen receptors, S100A10, which, when in complex with its regulatory partner, annexin A2 (ANXA2), forms the ANXA2/S100A10 heterotetrameric complex referred to as AIIt. We present the theme that AIIt is the quintessential cellular plasminogen receptor since it regulates the formation and the destruction of plasmin. We also introduce the term oncogenic plasminogen receptor to define those plasminogen receptors directly activated during cancer progression. We then discuss the research establishing AIIt as an oncogenic plasminogen receptor-regulated during EMT and activated by oncogenes such as SRC, RAS, HIF1α, and PML-RAR and epigenetically by DNA methylation. We further discuss the evidence derived from animal models supporting the role of S100A10 in tumor progression and oncogenesis. Lastly, we describe the potential of S100A10 as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
| | - Emma Kempster
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
| | - David M. Waisman
- Departments of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada; (A.G.B.); (E.K.)
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 1X5, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(902)-494-1803; Fax: +1-(902)-494-1355
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Abstract
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of serum S100 calcium-binding protein A10 (S100A10) levels in lung cancer. Methods This prospective study enrolled patients with lung cancer, patients with benign lung nodules and healthy control subjects. Serum S100A10 levels and three biomarkers were measured and compared between the groups. Associations between serum S100A10 and clinical characteristics in patients with lung cancer were investigated. The diagnostic efficacy of serum S100A10 and carcinoembryonic antigen for lung cancer was calculated. Results The study enrolled 82 patients with lung cancer, 21 with benign lung nodules and 50 healthy controls. Serum S100A10 levels were significantly higher in patients with lung cancer compared with patients with benign lung nodules and healthy control subjects. Serum S100A10 levels of patients with advanced lung cancer were significantly higher than those with early stage disease. Patients with lymph node metastases had significantly higher serum S100A10 levels than patients without lymph node metastases. The cut-off serum S100A10 value for lung cancer detection was 1.34 ng/ml, which had a sensitivity of 48.2%, a specificity of 76.2% and an area under the curve of 0.63. Conclusion Serum S100A10 was significantly correlated with disease stage and lymph node metastasis. It has the potential to be a tumour biomarker for lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lei Hou
- Clinical Laboratories, 117972The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian-Hong Zhang
- Clinical Laboratories, 117972The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin-Bao Guo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 117972The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical Laboratories, 117972The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Huang R, Huang C. KCNMB2-AS1 Promotes Bladder Cancer Progression Through Sponging miR-374a-3p to Upregulate S100A10. Front Genet 2021; 12:655569. [PMID: 34367236 PMCID: PMC8339911 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.655569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers. However, the function of lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 in bladder cancer (BC) remains unclear. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role and underlying mechanisms of KCNMB2-AS1 in bladder cancer progression. We found that lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 was significantly upregulated both in BC tissues and cell lines, the expression level was highly correlated with pathological TNM stage. Functionally, knockdown of lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 dramatically inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion and of BC cells in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistically, lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 could function as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) through direct sponging miR-374a-3p, which regulated the expression of S100A10. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that lncRNA KCNMB2-AS1 can promote the progression of bladder cancer through regulation of miR-374a-3p/S100A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zhu
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rongfu Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chunmei Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Głowacka A, Bieganowski P, Jurewicz E, Leśniak W, Wilanowski T, Filipek A. Regulation of S100A10 Gene Expression. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11070974. [PMID: 34356598 PMCID: PMC8301800 DOI: 10.3390/biom11070974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
S100A10, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, is a widely distributed protein involved in many cellular and extracellular processes. The best recognized role of S100A10 is the regulation, via interaction with annexin A2, of plasminogen conversion to plasmin. Plasmin, together with other proteases, induces degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is an important step in tumor progression. Additionally, S100A10 interacts with 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B (5-HT1B) receptor, which influences neurotransmitter binding and, through that, depressive symptoms. Taking this into account, it is evident that S100A10 expression in the cell should be under strict control. In this work, we summarize available literature data concerning the physiological stimuli and transcription factors that influence S100A10 expression. We also present our original results showing for the first time regulation of S100A10 expression by grainyhead-like 2 transcription factor (GRHL2). By applying in silico analysis, we have found two highly conserved GRHL2 binding sites in the 1st intron of the gene encoding S100A10 protein. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and luciferase assays, we have shown that GRHL2 directly binds to these sites and that this DNA region can affect transcription of S100A10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Głowacka
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (E.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Paweł Bieganowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Ewelina Jurewicz
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (E.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Wiesława Leśniak
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (E.J.); (W.L.)
| | - Tomasz Wilanowski
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Str., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (A.F.); Tel.: +48-22-589-23-32 (A.F.); Fax: +48-22-822-53-42 (A.F.)
| | - Anna Filipek
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 3 Pasteur Str., 02-093 Warsaw, Poland; (A.G.); (E.J.); (W.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.W.); (A.F.); Tel.: +48-22-589-23-32 (A.F.); Fax: +48-22-822-53-42 (A.F.)
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The S100 Protein Family as Players and Therapeutic Targets in Pulmonary Diseases. Pulm Med 2021; 2021:5488591. [PMID: 34239729 PMCID: PMC8214497 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5488591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The S100 protein family consists of over 20 members in humans that are involved in many intracellular and extracellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis, energy metabolism, inflammation, tissue repair, and migration/invasion. Although there are structural similarities between each member, they are not functionally interchangeable. The S100 proteins function both as intracellular Ca2+ sensors and as extracellular factors. Dysregulated responses of multiple members of the S100 family are observed in several diseases, including the lungs (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, and lung cancer). To this degree, extensive research was undertaken to identify their roles in pulmonary disease pathogenesis and the identification of inhibitors for several S100 family members that have progressed to clinical trials in patients for nonpulmonary conditions. This review outlines the potential role of each S100 protein in pulmonary diseases, details the possible mechanisms observed in diseases, and outlines potential therapeutic strategies for treatment.
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Aberrant Hypermethylation-Mediated Suppression of PYCARD Is Extremely Frequent in Prostate Cancer with Gleason Score ≥ 7. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2021:8858905. [PMID: 33628338 PMCID: PMC7881737 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8858905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic gene silencing by aberrant DNA methylation leads to loss of key cellular pathways in tumorigenesis. In order to analyze the effects of DNA methylation on prostate cancer, we established LNCaP-derived human prostate cancer cells that can pharmacologically induce global reactivation of hypermethylated genes by the methyl-CpG targeted transcriptional activation (MeTA) method. The MeTA suppressed the growth of LNCaP-derived cells and induced apoptosis. Microarray analysis indicated that PYCARD (PYD and CARD domain containing) encoding an apoptosis-inducing factor was upregulated by 65-fold or more after treatment with MeTA. We analyzed DNA methylation statuses using 50 microdissected primary prostate cancer tissues and found an extremely high frequency of tumor-specific promoter hypermethylation of PYCARD (90%, 45/50). Moreover, DNA methylation status was significantly associated with Gleason score (P = 0.0063); the frequency of tumor-specific hypermethylation was 96% (44/46) in tumors with Gleason score ≥ 7, whereas that in tumors with Gleason score 6 was 25% (1/4). Immunohistochemical analyses using these 50 cases indicated that only 8% (4/50) of cancerous tissues expressed PYCARD, whereas 80% (40/50) of corresponding normal prostate epithelial and/or basal cells expressed PYCARD. In addition, there was no relationship between PYCARD immunostaining and the Gleason score in cancerous tissue and surrounding normal tissue. Inducible expression of PYCARD inhibited cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis. These results suggest that aberrant methylation of PYCARD is a distinctive feature of prostate cancers with Gleason score ≥ 7 and may play an important role in escaping from apoptosis in prostatic tumorigenesis.
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Bharadwaj AG, Dahn ML, Liu RZ, Colp P, Thomas LN, Holloway RW, Marignani PA, Too CKL, Barnes PJ, Godbout R, Marcato P, Waisman DM. S100A10 Has a Critical Regulatory Function in Mammary Tumor Growth and Metastasis: Insights Using MMTV-PyMT Oncomice and Clinical Patient Sample Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12123673. [PMID: 33297495 PMCID: PMC7762402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The key challenges that face patients during breast cancer therapy is the metastatic spread and aggressiveness of the disease. Thus, the goal of current breast cancer research is to discover new therapeutic and diagnostic targets that limit the aggressive spread of the cancer. In this study, we investigated the role of protein S100A10 (p11) in breast tumor growth, progression, and metastasis using mouse cancer models and patient tumor sample analysis. We have demonstrated in our previous studies that p11 is critical for the function of a proteolytic enzyme–plasmin, which aids in the digestion of the tissues surrounding the tumor and allows the escape of the cancer cells from the breast tissue to organs such as the lungs and bone. Here, we present evidence that genetic deletion of p11 results in smaller and less aggressive mammary tumors in mice. We also observed that the cancer spread to the lungs is dramatically reduced in the absence of p11 gene in mice. Subsequent analysis of breast cancer patient tissues showed a correlation between higher p11 expression and both poor survival and aggressive cancer. Abstract S100A10 (p11) is a plasminogen receptor that regulates cellular plasmin generation by cancer cells. In the current study, we used the MMTV-PyMT mouse breast cancer model, patient tumor microarray, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to investigate the role of p11 in oncogenesis. The genetic deletion of p11 resulted in significantly decreased tumor onset, growth rate, and spontaneous pulmonary metastatic burden in the PyMT/p11-KO (knock-out) mice. This phenotype was accompanied by substantial reduction in Ki67 positivity, macrophage infiltration, decreased vascular density in the primary tumors, and decrease in invasive carcinoma and pulmonary metastasis. Surprisingly, IHC analysis of wild-type MMTV-PyMT mice failed to detect p11 expression in the tumors or metastatic tumor cells and loss of p11 did not decrease plasmin generation in the PyMT tumors and cells. Furthermore, tumor cells expressing p11 displayed dramatically reduced lung metastasis when injected into p11-depleted mice, further strengthening the stromal role of p11 in tumor growth and metastasis. Transcriptome analysis of the PyMT tumors from p11-KO mice showed marked reduction in genes such as Areg, Muc1, and S100a8 involved in breast cancer development, progression, and inflammation. The PyMT/p11-KO tumors displayed a remarkable increase in inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (Il)-6, Il-10, and interferon (Ifn)-γ. Gene expression profiling and IHC of primary breast cancer samples showed that p11 mRNA and protein levels were significantly higher in tumor tissues compared to normal mammary tissue. P11 mRNA expression was significantly associated with poor patient prognosis and significantly elevated in high grade, triple negative (TN) tumors, and tumors with high proliferative index. This is the first study examining the crucial role of p11 in breast tumor development and metastasis, thus emphasizing its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alamelu G. Bharadwaj
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Margaret L. Dahn
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Rong-Zong Liu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2Z1, Canada; (R.-Z.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Patricia Colp
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Lynn N. Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (L.N.T.); (R.W.H.); (P.A.M.); (C.K.L.T.)
| | - Ryan W. Holloway
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (L.N.T.); (R.W.H.); (P.A.M.); (C.K.L.T.)
| | - Paola A. Marignani
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (L.N.T.); (R.W.H.); (P.A.M.); (C.K.L.T.)
| | - Catherine K. L. Too
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (L.N.T.); (R.W.H.); (P.A.M.); (C.K.L.T.)
| | - Penelope J. Barnes
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2Z1, Canada; (R.-Z.L.); (R.G.)
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - David M. Waisman
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (A.G.B.); (M.L.D.); (P.C.); (P.J.B.); (P.M.)
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (L.N.T.); (R.W.H.); (P.A.M.); (C.K.L.T.)
- Correspondence:
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Saiki Y, Horii A. Multiple functions of S100A10, an important cancer promoter. Pathol Int 2019; 69:629-636. [PMID: 31612598 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The S100 group of calcium binding proteins is composed of 21 members that exhibit tissue/cell specific expressions. These S100 proteins bind a diverse range of targets and regulate multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, migration and differentiation. S100A10, also known as p11, binds mainly to annexin A2 and mediates the conversion of plasminogen to an active protease, plasmin. Higher S100A10 expression has been reported to link to worse outcome and/or chemoresistance in a number of cancer types in lung, breast, ovary, pancreas, gall bladder and colorectum and leukemia although some discrepancy was reported. In this review, we focused on the roles of the S100A10 in cancer. We summarized its biological functions, role in cancer progression, prognostic value and targeting of S100A10 for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akira Horii
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
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S100A10 and Cancer Hallmarks: Structure, Functions, and its Emerging Role in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19124122. [PMID: 30572596 PMCID: PMC6321037 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19124122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
S100A10, which is also known as p11, is located in the plasma membrane and forms a heterotetramer with annexin A2. The heterotetramer, comprising of two subunits of annexin A2 and S100A10, activates the plasminogen activation pathway, which is involved in cellular repair of normal tissues. Increased expression of annexin A2 and S100A10 in cancer cells leads to increased levels of plasmin—which promotes the degradation of the extracellular matrix—increased angiogenesis, and the invasion of the surrounding organs. Although many studies have investigated the functional role of annexin A2 in cancer cells, including ovarian cancer, S100A10 has been less studied. We recently demonstrated that high stromal annexin A2 and high cytoplasmic S100A10 expression is associated with a 3.4-fold increased risk of progression and 7.9-fold risk of death in ovarian cancer patients. Other studies have linked S100A10 with multidrug resistance in ovarian cancer; however, no functional studies to date have been performed in ovarian cancer cells. This article reviews the current understanding of S100A10 function in cancer with a particular focus on ovarian cancer.
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