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Reisman EG, Caruana NJ, Bishop DJ. Exercise training and changes in skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins: from blots to "omics". Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 59:221-243. [PMID: 39288086 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2024.2383408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential, membrane-enclosed organelles that consist of ∼1100 different proteins, which allow for many diverse functions critical to maintaining metabolism. Highly metabolic tissues, such as skeletal muscle, have a high mitochondrial content that increases with exercise training. The classic western blot technique has revealed training-induced increases in the relatively small number of individual mitochondrial proteins studied (∼5% of the >1100 proteins in MitoCarta), with some of these changes dependent on the training stimulus. Proteomic approaches have identified hundreds of additional mitochondrial proteins that respond to exercise training. There is, however, surprisingly little crossover in the mitochondrial proteins identified in the published human training studies. This suggests that to better understand the link between training-induced changes in mitochondrial proteins and metabolism, future studies need to move beyond maximizing protein detection to adopting methods that will increase the reliability of the changes in protein abundance observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G Reisman
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nikeisha J Caruana
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - David J Bishop
- Institute for Health and Sport (IHES), Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Nechushtai R, Rowland L, Karmi O, Marjault HB, Nguyen TT, Mittal S, Ahmed RS, Grant D, Manrique-Acevedo C, Morcos F, Onuchic JN, Mittler R. CISD3/MiNT is required for complex I function, mitochondrial integrity, and skeletal muscle maintenance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405123121. [PMID: 38781208 PMCID: PMC11145280 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405123121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in muscle metabolism and function. A unique family of iron-sulfur proteins, termed CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain-containing (CISD/NEET) proteins, support mitochondrial function in skeletal muscles. The abundance of these proteins declines during aging leading to muscle degeneration. Although the function of the outer mitochondrial CISD/NEET proteins, CISD1/mitoNEET and CISD2/NAF-1, has been defined in skeletal muscle cells, the role of the inner mitochondrial CISD protein, CISD3/MiNT, is currently unknown. Here, we show that CISD3 deficiency in mice results in muscle atrophy that shares proteomic features with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. We further reveal that CISD3 deficiency impairs the function and structure of skeletal muscles, as well as their mitochondria, and that CISD3 interacts with, and donates its [2Fe-2S] clusters to, complex I respiratory chain subunit NADH Ubiquinone Oxidoreductase Core Subunit V2 (NDUFV2). Using coevolutionary and structural computational tools, we model a CISD3-NDUFV2 complex with proximal coevolving residue interactions conducive of [2Fe-2S] cluster transfer reactions, placing the clusters of the two proteins 10 to 16 Å apart. Taken together, our findings reveal that CISD3/MiNT is important for supporting the biogenesis and function of complex I, essential for muscle maintenance and function. Interventions that target CISD3 could therefore impact different muscle degeneration syndromes, aging, and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Nechushtai
- Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Linda Rowland
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Ola Karmi
- Plant & Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Science and The Wolfson Centre for Applied Structural Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, The Edmond J. Safra Campus at Givat Ram, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem91904, Israel
| | - Henri-Baptiste Marjault
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
| | - Thi Thao Nguyen
- Gehrke Proteomics Center, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Shubham Mittal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - Raheel S. Ahmed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - DeAna Grant
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, University of Missouri, NextGen Precision Health Institute, Columbia, MO65211
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201
| | - Faruck Morcos
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
- Center for Systems Biology, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX75080
| | - José N. Onuchic
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Ron Mittler
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO65201
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Koma R, Shibaguchi T, Yamada T, Nonaka Y, Jue T, Yamazaki A, Masuda K. Endurance training increases mitochondrial myoglobin and enhances its interaction with complex IV in rat plantaris muscle. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14139. [PMID: 38509816 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
AIM Endurance exercise training is known to increase mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle. However, the molecular mechanisms behind this are not fully understood. Myoglobin (Mb) is a member of the globin family, which is highly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscles. We recently found that Mb localizes inside mitochondria in skeletal muscle and interacts with cytochrome c oxidase subunit IV (COXIV), a subunit of mitochondrial complex IV, which regulates respiration by augmenting complex IV activity. In the present study, we investigated the effect of endurance training on Mb-COXIV interaction within mitochondria in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were subjected to 6-week treadmill running training. Forty-eight hours after the last training session, the plantaris muscle was removed under anesthesia and used for biochemical analysis. RESULTS The endurance training increased mitochondrial content in the skeletal muscle. It also augmented complex IV-dependent oxygen consumption and complex IV activity in isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle. Furthermore, endurance training increased Mb expression at the whole muscle level. Importantly, mitochondrial Mb content and Mb-COXIV binding were increased by endurance training. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that an increase in mitochondrial Mb and the concomitant enhancement of Mb interaction with COXIV may contribute to the endurance training-induced upregulation of mitochondrial respiration by augmenting complex IV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikuhide Koma
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
- Research Fellowship for Young Scientists, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Shibaguchi
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Yudai Nonaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Thomas Jue
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ayaka Yamazaki
- Graduate School of Frontier Science Initiative, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazumi Masuda
- Institute of Human and Social Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
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Tice AL, Gordon BS, Fletcher E, McNeill AG, Laskin GR, Laudato JA, Rossetti ML, Koutakis P, Steiner JL. Effects of chronic alcohol intoxication on aerobic exercise-induced adaptations in female mice. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:721-738. [PMID: 38357729 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00599.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol intoxication decreases muscle strength/function and causes mitochondrial dysfunction. Aerobic exercise training improves mitochondrial oxidative capacity and increases muscle mass and strength. Presently, the impact of chronic alcohol on aerobic exercise-induced adaptations was investigated. Female C57BL/6Hsd mice were randomly assigned to one of four groups: control sedentary (CON SED; n = 26), alcohol sedentary (ETOH SED; n = 27), control exercise (CON EX; n = 28), and alcohol exercise (ETOH EX; n = 25). Exercise mice had running wheel access for 2 h a day, 7 days a week. All mice were fed either control or an alcohol-containing liquid diet. Grip strength testing and EchoMRI were performed before and after the interventions. After 6 wk, hindlimb muscles were collected for molecular analyses. A subset of mice performed a treadmill run to fatigue (RTF), then abstained from alcohol for 2 wk and repeated the RTF. Alcohol decreased lean mass and forelimb grip strength compared with control-fed mice. Alcohol blunted the exercise-induced increase in muscle mass (plantaris and soleus), type IIa fiber percentage in the plantaris, and run time to fatigue. Mitochondrial markers (Citrate synthase activity and Complex I-IV, COXIV and Cytochrome C protein expression) were increased with exercise regardless of ETOH in the gastrocnemius but not tibialis anterior muscle. Two weeks of alcohol abstinence improved RTF time in ETOH EX but not in ETOH SED. These data suggest that alcohol impairs some exercise-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle, but not all were negatively affected, indicating that exercise may be a beneficial behavior even while consuming alcohol.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Alcohol consumption during an aerobic exercise training period prevented training-induced increases in run to fatigue time and grip strength. Cessation of alcohol allowed for recovery of endurance performance within 2 wk. The worsened exercise performance after alcohol was unrelated to impairments in markers of mitochondrial health. Therefore, some adaptations to exercise training are impaired with alcohol use (endurance performance, muscle growth, and strength), while others remain mostly unaffected (mitochondrial health).
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail L Tice
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Bradley S Gordon
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Emma Fletcher
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, United States
| | - Addison G McNeill
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Grant R Laskin
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Joseph A Laudato
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Michael L Rossetti
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | | | - Jennifer L Steiner
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Food Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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Miller MJ, Marcotte GR, Basisty N, Wehrfritz C, Ryan ZC, Strub MD, McKeen AT, Stern JI, Nath KA, Rasmussen BB, Judge AR, Schilling B, Ebert SM, Adams CM. The transcription regulator ATF4 is a mediator of skeletal muscle aging. GeroScience 2023; 45:2525-2543. [PMID: 37014538 PMCID: PMC10071239 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging slowly erodes skeletal muscle strength and mass, eventually leading to profound functional deficits and muscle atrophy. The molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging are not well understood. To better understand mechanisms of muscle aging, we investigated the potential role of ATF4, a transcription regulatory protein that can rapidly promote skeletal muscle atrophy in young animals deprived of adequate nutrition or activity. To test the hypothesis that ATF4 may be involved in skeletal muscle aging, we studied fed and active muscle-specific ATF4 knockout mice (ATF4 mKO mice) at 6 months of age, when wild-type mice have achieved peak muscle mass and function, and at 22 months of age, when wild-type mice have begun to manifest age-related muscle atrophy and weakness. We found that 6-month-old ATF4 mKO mice develop normally and are phenotypically indistinguishable from 6-month-old littermate control mice. However, as ATF4 mKO mice become older, they exhibit significant protection from age-related declines in strength, muscle quality, exercise capacity, and muscle mass. Furthermore, ATF4 mKO muscles are protected from some of the transcriptional changes characteristic of normal muscle aging (repression of certain anabolic mRNAs and induction of certain senescence-associated mRNAs), and ATF4 mKO muscles exhibit altered turnover of several proteins with important roles in skeletal muscle structure and metabolism. Collectively, these data suggest ATF4 as an essential mediator of skeletal muscle aging and provide new insight into a degenerative process that impairs the health and quality of life of many older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Miller
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - George R Marcotte
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Nathan Basisty
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Zachary C Ryan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew D Strub
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Jennifer I Stern
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Karl A Nath
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Blake B Rasmussen
- University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrew R Judge
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Scott M Ebert
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism and Nutrition, Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Emmyon, Inc., Rochester, MN, USA.
- Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA.
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6
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Marjault HB, Karmi O, Rowland L, Nguyen TT, Grant D, Manrique-Acevedo C, Nechushtai R, Mittler R. CISD3 is required for Complex I function, mitochondrial integrity, and skeletal muscle maintenance. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.03.543558. [PMID: 37398338 PMCID: PMC10312576 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.03.543558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a central role in muscle metabolism and function. In skeletal muscles, a unique family of iron-sulfur proteins, termed CISD proteins, support mitochondrial function. The abundance of these proteins declines with aging leading to muscle degeneration. Although the function of the outer mitochondrial proteins CISD1 and CISD2 has been defined, the role of the inner mitochondrial protein CISD3, is currently unknown. Here we show that CISD3 deficiency in mice results in muscle atrophy that shares proteomic features with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. We further reveal that CISD3 deficiency impairs the function and structure of skeletal muscle mitochondria, and that CISD3 interacts with, and donates its clusters to, Complex I respiratory chain subunit NDUFV2. These findings reveal that CISD3 is important for supporting the biogenesis and function of Complex I, essential for muscle maintenance and function. Interventions that target CISD3 could therefore impact muscle degeneration syndromes, aging, and related conditions.
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7
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Rejuvenation: Turning Back Time by Enhancing CISD2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214014. [PMID: 36430496 PMCID: PMC9695557 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging human population with age-associated diseases has become a problem worldwide. By 2050, the global population of those who are aged 65 years and older will have tripled. In this context, delaying age-associated diseases and increasing the healthy lifespan of the aged population has become an important issue for geriatric medicine. CDGSH iron-sulfur domain 2 (CISD2), the causative gene for Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2; MIM 604928), plays a pivotal role in mediating lifespan and healthspan by maintaining mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum integrity, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and redox status. Here, we summarize the most up-to-date publications on CISD2 and discuss the crucial role that this gene plays in aging and age-associated diseases. This review mainly focuses on the following topics: (1) CISD2 is one of the few pro-longevity genes identified in mammals. Genetic evidence from loss-of-function (knockout mice) and gain-of-function (transgenic mice) studies have demonstrated that CISD2 is essential to lifespan control. (2) CISD2 alleviates age-associated disorders. A higher level of CISD2 during natural aging, when achieved by transgenic overexpression, improves Alzheimer's disease, ameliorates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis, and maintains corneal epithelial homeostasis. (3) CISD2, the expression of which otherwise decreases during natural aging, can be pharmaceutically activated at a late-life stage of aged mice. As a proof-of-concept, we have provided evidence that hesperetin is a promising CISD2 activator that is able to enhance CISD2 expression, thus slowing down aging and promoting longevity. (4) The anti-aging effect of hesperetin is mainly dependent on CISD2 because transcriptomic analysis of the skeletal muscle reveals that most of the differentially expressed genes linked to hesperetin are regulated by hesperetin in a CISD2-dependent manner. Furthermore, three major metabolic pathways that are affected by hesperetin have been identified in skeletal muscle, namely lipid metabolism, protein homeostasis, and nitrogen and amino acid metabolism. This review highlights the urgent need for CISD2-based pharmaceutical development to be used as a potential therapeutic strategy for aging and age-associated diseases.
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TLR4-Mediated Inflammatory Responses Regulate Exercise-Induced Molecular Adaptations in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031877. [PMID: 35163799 PMCID: PMC8837103 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise induces various adaptations that yield health benefits; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Given that it has recently been accepted that inflammatory responses are required for a specific muscle adaptation after exercise, this study investigated whether toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, a pattern recognition receptor that induces proinflammatory cytokines, is responsible for exercise-induced adaptations in mouse skeletal muscle. The TLR4 mutant (TLR4m) and intact TLR4 control mice were each divided into 2 groups (sedentary and voluntary wheel running) and were housed for six weeks. Next, we removed the plantaris muscle and evaluated the expression of cytokines and muscle regulators. Exercise increased cytokine expression in the controls, whereas a smaller increase was observed in the TLR4m mice. Mitochondrial markers and mitochondrial biogenesis inducers, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta and heat shock protein 72, were increased in the exercised controls, whereas this upregulation was attenuated in the TLR4m mice. In contrast, exercise increased the expression of molecules such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha and glucose transporter 4 in both the controls and TLR4m mice. Our findings indicate that exercise adaptations such as mitochondrial biogenesis are mediated via TLR4, and that TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses could be involved in the mechanism of adaptation.
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Egawa T, Ogawa T, Yokokawa T, Kido K, Goto K, Hayashi T. Methylglyoxal reduces molecular responsiveness to 4 weeks of endurance exercise in mouse plantaris muscle. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022; 132:477-488. [PMID: 35023763 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00539.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise triggers skeletal muscle adaptations, including enhanced insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis. However, exercise-induced skeletal muscle adaptations may not occur in some cases, a condition known as exercise-resistance. Methylglyoxal (MG) is a highly reactive dicarbonyl metabolite and has detrimental effects on the body such as causing diabetic complications, mitochondrial dysfunction, and inflammation. This study aimed to clarify the effect of methylglyoxal on skeletal muscle molecular adaptations following endurance exercise. Mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12 per group): sedentary control group, voluntary exercise group, MG-treated group, and MG-treated with voluntary exercise group. Mice in the voluntary exercise group were housed in a cage with a running wheel, while mice in the MG-treated groups received drinking water containing 1% MG. Four weeks of voluntary exercise induced several molecular adaptations in the plantaris muscle, including increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α), mitochondria complex proteins, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72), hexokinase II, and glyoxalase 1; this also enhanced insulin-stimulated Akt Ser473 phosphorylation and citrate synthase activity. However, these adaptations were suppressed with MG treatment. In the soleus muscle, the exercise-induced increases in the expression of TLR4, HSP72, and advanced glycation end products receptor 1 were inhibited with MG treatment. These findings suggest that MG is a factor that inhibits endurance exercise-induced molecular responses including mitochondrial adaptations, insulin signaling activation, and the upregulation of several proteins related to mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose handling, and glycation in primarily fast-twitch skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Egawa
- Laboratory of Health and Exercise Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Goto
- Laboratory of Physiology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Toyohashi SOZO University, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Huang CH, Huang YL, Shen ZQ, Lin CH, Tsai TF. Cisd2 Preserves the Youthful Pattern of the Liver Proteome during Natural Aging of Mice. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091229. [PMID: 34572415 PMCID: PMC8470730 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisd2 (CDGSH iron sulfur domain 2) is a pro-longevity gene that extends the lifespan and health span of mice, ameliorates age-associated structural damage and limits functional decline in multiple tissues. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which plays an important role in age-related liver disorders, is the most common liver disease worldwide. However, no medicines that can be used to specifically and effectively treat NAFLD are currently approved for this disease. Our aim was to provide pathological and molecular evidence to show that Cisd2 protects the liver from age-related dysregulation of lipid metabolism and protein homeostasis. This study makes four major discoveries. Firstly, a persistently high level of Cisd2 protects the liver from age-related fat accumulation. Secondly, proteomics analysis revealed that Cisd2 ameliorates age-related dysregulation of lipid metabolism, including lipid biosynthesis and β-oxidation, in mitochondria and peroxisomes. Thirdly, Cisd2 attenuates aging-associated oxidative modifications of proteins. Finally, Cisd2 regulates intracellular protein homeostasis by maintaining the functionality of molecular chaperones and protein synthesis machinery. Our proteomics findings highlight Cisd2 as a novel molecular target for the development of therapies targeting fatty liver diseases, and these new therapies are likely to help prevent subsequent malignant progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Hua Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Yi-Long Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Qing Shen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.)
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-67280 (C.-H.L.); +886-2-2826-67293 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (C.-H.H.); (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-67280 (C.-H.L.); +886-2-2826-67293 (T.-F.T.)
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11
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Huang YL, Shen ZQ, Huang CH, Teng YC, Lin CH, Tsai TF. Cisd2 Protects the Liver from Oxidative Stress and Ameliorates Western Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040559. [PMID: 33916843 PMCID: PMC8066189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are the most common chronic liver diseases worldwide. However, drugs to treat NAFLD and NASH are an unmet clinical need. This study sought to provide evidence that Cisd2 is a molecular target for the development of treatments targeting NAFLD and NASH. Several discoveries are pinpointed. The first is that Cisd2 dosage modulates the severity of Western diet-induced (WD-induced) NAFLD. Specifically, Cisd2 haploinsufficiency accelerates NAFLD development and exacerbates progression toward NASH. Conversely, an enhanced Cisd2 copy number attenuates liver pathogenesis. Secondly, when a WD is fed to mice, transcriptomic analysis reveals that the major alterations affecting biological processes are related to inflammation, lipid metabolism, and DNA replication/repair. Thirdly, among these differentially expressed genes, the most significant changes involve Nrf2-mediated oxidative stress, cholesterol biosynthesis, and fatty acid metabolism. Finally, increased Cisd2 expression protects the liver from oxidative stress and reduces the occurrence of mitochondrial DNA deletions. Taken together, our mouse model reveals that Cisd2 plays a crucial role in protecting the liver from WD-induced damages. The development of therapeutic agents that effectively enhance Cisd2 expression is one potential approach to the treatment of WD-induced fatty liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Long Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Qing Shen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Chen-Hua Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
| | - Chao-Hsiung Lin
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-67280 (C.-H.L.); +886-2-2826-67293 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (Z.-Q.S.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-C.T.)
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.L.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-2-2826-67280 (C.-H.L.); +886-2-2826-67293 (T.-F.T.)
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Shen ZQ, Huang YL, Teng YC, Wang TW, Kao CH, Yeh CH, Tsai TF. CISD2 maintains cellular homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118954. [PMID: 33422617 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CDGSH Iron Sulfur Domain 2 (CISD2) is the causative gene for the disease Wolfram syndrome 2 (WFS2; MIM 604928), which is an autosomal recessive disorder showing metabolic and neurodegenerative manifestations. CISD2 protein can be localized on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) and mitochondria-associated membrane (MAM). CISD2 plays a crucial role in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis, ER integrity and mitochondrial function. Here we summarize the most updated publications and discuss the central role of CISD2 in maintaining cellular homeostasis. This review mainly focuses on the following topics. Firstly, that CISD2 has been recognized as a prolongevity gene and the level of CISD2 is a key determinant of lifespan and healthspan. In mice, Cisd2 deficiency shortens lifespan and accelerates aging. Conversely, a persistently high level of Cisd2 promotes longevity. Intriguingly, exercise stimulates Cisd2 gene expression and thus, the beneficial effects offered by exercise may be partly related to Cisd2 activation. Secondly, that Cisd2 is down-regulated in a variety of tissues and organs during natural aging. Three potential mechanisms that may mediate the age-dependent decrease of Cisd2, via regulating at different levels of gene expression, are discussed. Thirdly, the relationship between CISD2 and cell survival, as well as the potential mechanisms underlying the cell death control, are discussed. Finally we discuss that, in cancers, CISD2 may functions as a double-edged sword, either suppressing or promoting cancer development. This review highlights the importance of the CISD2 in aging and age-related diseases and identifies the urgent need for the translation of available genetic evidence into pharmaceutic interventions in order to alleviate age-related disorders and extend a healthy lifespan in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Qing Shen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Long Huang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Wen Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Heng Kao
- Center of General Education, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hsiao Yeh
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linko, Taiwan; College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Keelung, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan.
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Teng YC, Wang JY, Chi YH, Tsai TF. Exercise and the Cisd2 Prolongevity Gene: Two Promising Strategies to Delay the Aging of Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239059. [PMID: 33260577 PMCID: PMC7731423 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an evolutionally conserved process that limits life activity. Cellular aging is the result of accumulated genetic damage, epigenetic damage and molecular exhaustion, as well as altered inter-cellular communication; these lead to impaired organ function and increased vulnerability to death. Skeletal muscle constitutes ~40% of the human body’s mass. In addition to maintaining skeletal structure and allowing locomotion, which enables essential daily activities to be completed, skeletal muscle also plays major roles in thermogenesis, metabolism and the functioning of the endocrine system. Unlike many other organs that have a defined size once adulthood is reached, skeletal muscle is able to alter its structural and functional properties in response to changes in environmental conditions. Muscle mass usually remains stable during early life; however, it begins to decline at a rate of ~1% year in men and ~0.5% in women after the age of 50 years. On the other hand, different exercise training regimens are able to restore muscle homeostasis at the molecular, cellular and organismal levels, thereby improving systemic health. Here we give an overview of the molecular factors that contribute to lifespan and healthspan, and discuss the effects of the longevity gene Cisd2 and middle-to-old age exercise on muscle metabolism and changes in the muscle transcriptome in mice during very old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Chi Teng
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
| | - Jing-Ya Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
| | - Ya-Hui Chi
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
| | - Ting-Fen Tsai
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan;
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan;
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 35053, Taiwan
- Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (T.-F.T.); Tel.: +886-37-206166 (ext. 35718) (Y.-H.C.); +886-2-28267293 (T.-F.T.); Fax: +886-2-28280872 (T.-F.T.)
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The balancing act of NEET proteins: Iron, ROS, calcium and metabolism. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1867:118805. [PMID: 32745723 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
NEET proteins belong to a highly conserved group of [2Fe-2S] proteins found across all kingdoms of life. Due to their unique [2Fe2S] cluster structure, they play a key role in the regulation of many different redox and oxidation processes. In eukaryotes, NEET proteins are localized to the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondrial-associated membranes connecting these organelles (MAM), and are involved in the control of multiple processes, ranging from autophagy and apoptosis to ferroptosis, oxidative stress, cell proliferation, redox control and iron and iron‑sulfur homeostasis. Through their different functions and interactions with key proteins such as VDAC and Bcl-2, NEET proteins coordinate different mitochondrial, MAM, ER and cytosolic processes and functions and regulate major signaling molecules such as calcium and reactive oxygen species. Owing to their central role in cells, NEET proteins are associated with numerous human maladies including cancer, metabolic diseases, diabetes, obesity, and neurodegenerative diseases. In recent years, a new and exciting role for NEET proteins was uncovered, i.e., the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics and morphology. This new role places NEET proteins at the forefront of studies into cancer and different metabolic diseases, both associated with the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics. Here we review recent studies focused on the evolution, biological role, and structure of NEET proteins, as well as discuss different studies conducted on NEET proteins function using transgenic organisms. We further discuss the different strategies used in the development of drugs that target NEET proteins, and link these with the different roles of NEET proteins in cells.
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Yokokawa T, Sato K, Narusawa R, Kido K, Mori R, Iwanaka N, Hayashi T, Hashimoto T. Dehydroepiandrosterone activates 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and suppresses lipid accumulation and adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 528:612-619. [PMID: 32505344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Substantial evidence has linked dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels to the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of exercise. While 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is inhibited by AMPK, is required for adipocyte differentiation and positively regulates lipid accumulation. DHEA treatment activates the AMPK pathway in C2C12 myotubes. Hence, DHEA addition to preadipocytes and adipocytes might activate AMPK and inhibit mTORC1, resulting in the inhibition of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation. Therefore, we investigated the effect of DHEA on the AMPK pathway, mTORC1 activity, adipocyte differentiation, and lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. DHEA suppressed lipid accumulation and adipogenic marker expression during differentiation. It also activated AMPK signaling in preadipocytes and adipocytes and suppressed mTORC1 activity during differentiation. These results suggest that the activation of the AMPK pathway and inhibition of mTORC1 activity may mediate the anti-obesity effect of DHEA, providing novel molecular-level insights into its physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Yokokawa
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; College of Gastronomy Management, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Koji Sato
- Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Ryoko Narusawa
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Risako Mori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Iwanaka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan; Faculty of Health Science, Kyoto Koka Women's University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Laboratory of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga, Japan
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Mori R, Yokokawa T, Fujita S. Modified expression of vitamin D receptor and CYP27B1 in denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 529:733-739. [PMID: 32736700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.05.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D pathway is related to the mass and function of skeletal muscles. Several studies have demonstrated the role of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 in skeletal muscles, suggesting that these proteins may regulate skeletal muscles and their function. However, it remains unclear whether the expression of VDR and CYP27B1 is modified in skeletal muscle atrophy. We investigated whether denervation-induced muscle atrophy is associated with altered expression of VDR and CYP27B1 in murine skeletal muscles. Skeletal muscles were excised from C57BL/6J mice, 3 and 7 days after the mice underwent denervation surgery. Denervation induced muscle atrophy and enhanced the expression of MuRF1 and Atrogin-1 in the gastrocnemius and soleus. The protein expression of VDR was increased in the denervated gastrocnemius; in contrast, denervation decreased the protein expression of CYP27B1 in the gastrocnemius and soleus. These results suggest that denervation-induced muscle atrophy is associated with changes in the expression of vitamin D-related proteins in murine skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risako Mori
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takumi Yokokawa
- Research Organization of Science and Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fujita
- Faculty of Sport and Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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Yokokawa T, Mori R, Suga T, Isaka T, Hayashi T, Fujita S. Muscle denervation reduces mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial translation factor expression in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 527:146-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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