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Zhou Z, Li M, Zhang Z, Song Z, Xu J, Zhang M, Gong M. Overview of Panax ginseng and its active ingredients protective mechanism on cardiovascular diseases. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118506. [PMID: 38964625 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNIC PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Panax ginseng is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is still widely used to improve the clinical symptoms of various CVDs. However, there is currently a lack of summary and analysis on the mechanism of Panax ginseng exerts its cardiovascular protective effects. This article provides a review of in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in reducing CVDs damage. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review summarized the latest literature on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in CVDs research, aiming to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular protection mechanism of Panax ginseng, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs, as well as to optimize the clinical application of Panax ginseng. METHODS Enrichment of pathways and biological terms using the traditional Chinese medicine molecular mechanism bioinformatics analysis tool (BATMAN-TCM). The literature search is based on electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CNKI, with a search period of 2002-2023. The search terms include Panax ginseng, Panax ginseng ingredients, ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng glycoproteins, ginseng volatile oil, CVDs, heart, and cardiac. RESULTS 132 articles were ultimately included in the review. The ingredients in Panax ginseng that manifested cardiovascular protective effects are mainly ginsenosides (especially ginsenoside Rb1). Ginsenosides protected against CVDs such as ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and heart failure mainly through improving energy metabolism, inhibiting hyper-autophagy, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and promoting secretion of exosomes. CONCLUSION Panax ginseng and its active ingredients have a particularly prominent effect on improving myocardial energy metabolism remodeling in protecting against CVDs. The AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways are the key targets through which Panax ginseng produces multiple mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles as carriers are potential delivery ways for optimizing the bioavailability of Panax ginseng and its active ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Meijing Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zekuan Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhimin Song
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jingjing Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Minyu Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Muxin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Collateral Disease Theory Research, Beijing, 100069, China.
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Kobayashi H, Matsubara S, Yoshimoto C, Shigetomi H, Imanaka S. Current understanding of the pathogenesis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder with focus on mitochondrial function. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2024; 50:929-940. [PMID: 38544343 DOI: 10.1111/jog.15936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
AIM The refinement of assisted reproductive technology, including the development of cryopreservation techniques (vitrification) and ovarian stimulation protocols, makes frozen embryo transfer (FET) an alternative to fresh ET and has contributed to the success of assisted reproductive technology. Compared with fresh ET cycles, FET cycles were associated with better in vitro fertilization outcomes; however, the occurrence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) was higher in FET cycles. PAS has been increasing steadily in incidence as a life-threatening condition along with cesarean rates worldwide. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathogenesis of PAS and discuss future research directions. METHODS A literature search was performed in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS Risk factors associated with PAS incidence include a primary defect of the decidua basalis or scar dehiscence, aberrant vascular remodeling, and abnormally invasive trophoblasts, or a combination thereof. Freezing, thawing, and hormone replacement manipulations have been shown to affect multiple cellular pathways, including cell proliferation, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and mitochondrial function. Molecules involved in abnormal migration and EMT of extravillous trophoblast cells are beginning to be identified in PAS placentas. Many of these molecules were also found to be involved in mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics. CONCLUSION The etiology of PAS may be a multifactorial genesis with intrinsic predisposition (e.g., placental abnormalities) and certain environmental factors (e.g., defective decidua) as triggers for its development. A distinctive feature of this review is its focus on the potential factors linking mitochondrial function to PAS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Sho Matsubara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Medicine, Kei Oushin Clinic, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Chiharu Yoshimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Prefecture General Medical Center, Nara, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shigetomi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Aska Ladies Clinic, Nara, Japan
| | - Shogo Imanaka
- Department of Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Kashihara, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
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Van Huynh T, Rethi L, Rethi L, Chen CH, Chen YJ, Kao YH. The Complex Interplay between Imbalanced Mitochondrial Dynamics and Metabolic Disorders in Type 2 Diabetes. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091223. [PMID: 37174622 PMCID: PMC10177489 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global burden, with an increasing number of people affected and increasing treatment costs. The advances in research and guidelines improve the management of blood glucose and related diseases, but T2DM and its complications are still a big challenge in clinical practice. T2DM is a metabolic disorder in which insulin signaling is impaired from reaching its effectors. Mitochondria are the "powerhouses" that not only generate the energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) using pyruvate supplied from glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and amino acids (AA) but also regulate multiple cellular processes such as calcium homeostasis, redox balance, and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and cancer. The mitochondria are highly dynamic in adjusting their functions according to cellular conditions. The shape, morphology, distribution, and number of mitochondria reflect their function through various processes, collectively known as mitochondrial dynamics, including mitochondrial fusion, fission, biogenesis, transport, and mitophagy. These processes determine the overall mitochondrial health and vitality. More evidence supports the idea that dysregulated mitochondrial dynamics play essential roles in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance, obesity, and T2DM, as well as imbalanced mitochondrial dynamics found in T2DM. This review updates and discusses mitochondrial dynamics and the complex interactions between it and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tin Van Huynh
- International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Thong Nhat Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Lekha Rethi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- International Ph.D. Program for Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hwa Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University-Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
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Qu K, Yan F, Qin X, Zhang K, He W, Dong M, Wu G. Mitochondrial dysfunction in vascular endothelial cells and its role in atherosclerosis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1084604. [PMID: 36605901 PMCID: PMC9807884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1084604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondria are essential organelles that generate large amounts of ATP via the electron transport chain (ECT). Mitochondrial dysfunction causes reactive oxygen species accumulation, energy stress, and cell death. Endothelial mitochondrial dysfunction is an important factor causing abnormal function of the endothelium, which plays a central role during atherosclerosis development. Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including high glucose levels, hypertension, ischemia, hypoxia, and diabetes, promote mitochondrial dysfunction in endothelial cells. This review summarizes the physiological and pathophysiological roles of endothelial mitochondria in endothelial function and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Geriatric Diseases Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Qin
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,College of Bioengineering Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen He
- Department of Geriatrics, Clinical trial center, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingqing Dong
- Center for Medicine Research and Translation, Chengdu Fifth People’s Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
| | - Guicheng Wu
- Clinical Research Center for Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Mingqing Dong, ; Guicheng Wu,
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Chen Z, Liang W, Hu J, Zhu Z, Feng J, Ma Y, Yang Q, Ding G. Sirt6 deficiency contributes to mitochondrial fission and oxidative damage in podocytes via
ROCK1‐Drp1
signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13296. [PMID: 35842903 PMCID: PMC9528772 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Materials and Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Chen
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Wei Liang
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jijia Hu
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Zijing Zhu
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Jun Feng
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Yiqiong Ma
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Qian Yang
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
| | - Guohua Ding
- Division of Nephrology Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
- Nephrology and Urology Research Institute of Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei China
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