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Ferlizza E, Romaniello D, Borrelli F, Pagano F, Girone C, Gelfo V, Kuhre RS, Morselli A, Mazzeschi M, Sgarzi M, Filippini DM, D'Uva G, Lauriola M. Extracellular Vesicles and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Activation: Interplay of Drivers in Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112970. [PMID: 37296932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are of great interest to study the cellular mechanisms of cancer development and to diagnose and monitor cancer progression. EVs are a highly heterogeneous population of cell derived particles, which include microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (EXOs). EVs deliver intercellular messages transferring proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and metabolites with implications for tumour progression, invasiveness, and metastasis. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a major driver of cancer. Tumour cells with activated EGFR could produce EVs disseminating EGFR itself or its ligands. This review provides an overview of EVs (mainly EXOs and MVs) and their cargo, with a subsequent focus on their production and effects related to EGFR activation. In particular, in vitro studies performed in EGFR-dependent solid tumours and/or cell cultures will be explored, thus shedding light on the interplay between EGFR and EVs production in promoting cancer progression, metastases, and resistance to therapies. Finally, an overview of liquid biopsy approaches involving EGFR and EVs in the blood/plasma of EGFR-dependent tumour patients will also be discussed to evaluate their possible application as candidate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enea Ferlizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Borrelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pagano
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Rikke Sofie Kuhre
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Mazzeschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Filippini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele D'Uva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
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Romaniello D, Gelfo V, Pagano F, Sgarzi M, Morselli A, Girone C, Filippini DM, D’Uva G, Lauriola M. IL-1 and senescence: Friends and foe of EGFR neutralization and immunotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 10:1083743. [PMID: 36712972 PMCID: PMC9877625 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1083743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Historically, senescence has been considered a safe program in response to multiple stresses in which cells undergo irreversible growth arrest. This process is characterized by morphological and metabolic changes, heterochromatin formation, and secretion of inflammatory components, known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). However, recent reports demonstrated that anti-cancer therapy itself can stimulate a senescence response in tumor cells, the so-called therapy-induced senescence (TIS), which may represent a temporary bypass pathway that promotes drug resistance. In this context, several studies have shown that EGFR blockage, by TKIs or moAbs, promotes TIS by increasing IL-1 cytokine production, thus pushing cells into a "pseudo-senescent" state. Today, senotherapeutic agents are emerging as a potential strategy in cancer treatment thanks to their dual role in annihilating senescent cells and simultaneously preventing their awakening into a resistant and aggressive form. Here, we summarize classic and recent findings about the cellular processes driving senescence and SASP, and we provide a state-of-the-art of the anti-cancer strategies available so far that exploits the activation and/or blockade of senescence-based mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Romaniello
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valerio Gelfo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Pagano
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michela Sgarzi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandra Morselli
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cinzia Girone
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Daria Maria Filippini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Division of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gabriele D’Uva
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy,National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB), Bologna, Italy
| | - Mattia Lauriola
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,Centre for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Bologna University Hospital Authority St. Orsola -Malpighi Polyclinic, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Mattia Lauriola,
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Sally Á, McGowan R, Finn K, Moran BM. Current and Future Therapies for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102417. [PMID: 35626020 PMCID: PMC9139531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. The poor survival associated with this disease is due to delayed diagnosis, a lack of reliable biomarkers, and tumour resistance to treatment. Currently, surgery is the only curative treatment option, but few patients are eligible for this procedure. Developing resistance to current chemotherapies such as gemcitabine has led to a reduction in effective therapy options for patients and an urgent requirement for the development of novel therapeutic avenues. Potential success has been noted in therapeutic approaches such as synthetic lethality and immunotherapy. An array of clinical trials are currently recruiting, primarily in the area of monoclonal antibodies in combination with other therapies such as chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors. This review article aims to highlight the potential these therapies have to improve patient prognosis and survival. Abstract Pancreatic cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. This is due to delayed diagnosis and resistance to traditional chemotherapy. Delayed diagnosis is often due to the broad range of non-specific symptoms that are associated with the disease. Resistance to current chemotherapies, such as gemcitabine, develops due to genetic mutations that are either intrinsic or acquired. This has resulted in poor patient prognosis and, therefore, justifies the requirement for new targeted therapies. A synthetic lethality approach, that targets specific loss-of-function mutations in cancer cells, has shown great potential in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Immunotherapies have also yielded promising results in the development of new treatment options, with several currently undergoing clinical trials. The utilisation of monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell transfer, and vaccines have shown success in several neoplasms such as breast cancer and B-cell malignancies and, therefore, could hold the same potential in PDAC treatment. These therapeutic strategies could have the potential to be at the forefront of pancreatic cancer therapy in the future. This review focuses on currently approved therapies for PDAC, the challenges associated with them, and future directions of therapy including synthetically lethal approaches, immunotherapy, and current clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áine Sally
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland; (Á.S.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Ryan McGowan
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland; (Á.S.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, Ballytivnan, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - Karen Finn
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland; (Á.S.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
| | - Brian Michael Moran
- Department of Analytical, Biopharmaceutical and Medical Sciences, School of Science and Computing, Atlantic Technological University Galway City, Dublin Road, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland; (Á.S.); (R.M.); (K.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Görte J, Beyreuther E, Danen EHJ, Cordes N. Comparative Proton and Photon Irradiation Combined with Pharmacological Inhibitors in 3D Pancreatic Cancer Cultures. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113216. [PMID: 33142778 PMCID: PMC7692858 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Due to higher precision and consequent sparing of normal tissue, pancreatic cancer patients might profit from proton beam radiotherapy, a treatment modality increasingly used. Since molecular data upon proton irradiation in comparison to standard photon radiotherapy are limited in pancreatic cancer, the aims of our study were to unravel differences in the effectiveness of photon versus proton irradiation and to exploit radiation type-specific molecular changes for radiosensitizing 3D PDAC cell cultures. Although protons showed a slightly higher effectiveness and a stronger induction of molecular alterations than photons, our results revealed a radiation-type independent sensitization of molecular-targeted agents selected according to the discovered molecular, radiation-induced alterations. Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly therapy-resistant tumor entity of unmet needs. Over the last decades, radiotherapy has been considered as an additional treatment modality to surgery and chemotherapy. Owing to radiosensitive abdominal organs, high-precision proton beam radiotherapy has been regarded as superior to photon radiotherapy. To further elucidate the potential of combination therapies, we employed a more physiological 3D, matrix-based cell culture model to assess tumoroid formation capacity after photon and proton irradiation. Additionally, we investigated proton- and photon-irradiation-induced phosphoproteomic changes for identifying clinically exploitable targets. Here, we show that proton irradiation elicits a higher efficacy to reduce 3D PDAC tumoroid formation and a greater extent of phosphoproteome alterations compared with photon irradiation. The targeting of proteins identified in the phosphoproteome that were uniquely altered by protons or photons failed to cause radiation-type-specific radiosensitization. Targeting DNA repair proteins associated with non-homologous endjoining, however, revealed a strong radiosensitizing potential independent of the radiation type. In conclusion, our findings suggest proton irradiation to be potentially more effective in PDAC than photons without additional efficacy when combined with DNA repair inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Görte
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elke Beyreuther
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiation Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik H. J. Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2333CC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Nils Cordes
- OncoRay—National Center for Radiation Research in Oncology, Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; (J.G.); (E.B.)
- Institute of Radiooncology—OncoRay, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden—Rossendorf, 01328 Dresden, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, Partner Site Dresden: German Cancer Research Center, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-351-458-7401; Fax: +49-351-458-7311
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