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Baralić K, Božović P, Đukić-Ćosić D. Deciphering the molecular landscape of ionising radiation-induced eye damage with the help of genomic data mining. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2024; 75:91-101. [PMID: 38963141 PMCID: PMC11223508 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2024-75-3817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Even at low levels, exposure to ionising radiation can lead to eye damage. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We aimed to address this gap with a comprehensive in silico approach to the issue. For this purpose we relied on the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD), ToppGene Suite, Cytoscape, GeneMANIA, and Metascape to identify six key regulator genes associated with radiation-induced eye damage (ATM, CRYAB, SIRT1, TGFB1, TREX1, and YAP1), all of which have physical interactions. Some of the identified molecular functions revolve around DNA repair mechanisms, while others are involved in protein binding, enzymatic activities, metabolic processes, and post-translational protein modifications. The biological processes are mostly centred on response to DNA damage, the p53 signalling pathway in particular. We identified a significant role of several miRNAs, such as hsa-miR-183 and hsamiR-589, in the mechanisms behind ionising radiation-induced eye injuries. Our study offers a valuable method for gaining deeper insights into the adverse effects of radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Baralić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Predrag Božović
- University of Belgrade Vinča Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Department of Radiation and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Đukić-Ćosić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology “Akademik Danilo Soldatović“, Belgrade, Serbia
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Fu X, Duan Z, Lu X, Zhu Y, Ren Y, Zhang W, Sun X, Ge L, Yang J. SND1 Promotes Radioresistance in Cervical Cancer Cells by Targeting the DNA Damage Response. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022. [PMID: 35271349 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiotherapy is one of the most effective therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer patients, although radioresistance-mediated residual and recurrent tumors are the main cause of treatment failure. However, the mechanism of tumor radioresistance is still elusive. DNA damage response pathways are key determinants of radioresistance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of SND1 in radioresistance of cervical cancer. Methods: A stable HeLa cell line with SND1 knockout (HeLa-KO) was generated through a modified CRISPR/Cas9 double-nicking gene editing system. The stable CaSki cell lines with SND1 knockdown (CaSki-Ctrl, CaSki-SND1-sh-1, CaSki-SND1-sh-2) were constructed through lentivirus transfection with the pSil-SND1-sh-1 and pSil-SND1-sh-2 plasmids. Results: It was observed that SND1 deficiency significantly increased the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. It was also found that silencing SND1 promotes radiation-induced apoptosis. Significantly, the cells with a loss of SND1 function exhibited inefficient ataxia telangiectasia mutated pathway activation, subsequently impairing DNA repair and G2/M checkpoint arrest. In addition, threonine 103 is an important phosphorylation site of SND1 under DNA damaging stress. Conclusion: Collectively, the results of this study reveal a potent radiosensitizing effect of silencing SND1 or T103 mutation on cervical cancer cells, providing novel insights into potential therapeutic strategies for cervical cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongchao Duan
- Flow Cytometry Lab, Department of Hematopathology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Lu
- Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lin Ge
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology in Tianjin, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Excellent Talent Project, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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The Phosphorylated Form of the Histone H2AX (γH2AX) in the Brain from Embryonic Life to Old Age. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26237198. [PMID: 34885784 PMCID: PMC8659122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The γ phosphorylated form of the histone H2AX (γH2AX) was described more than 40 years ago and it was demonstrated that phosphorylation of H2AX was one of the first cellular responses to DNA damage. Since then, γH2AX has been implicated in diverse cellular functions in normal and pathological cells. In the first part of this review, we will briefly describe the intervention of H2AX in the DNA damage response (DDR) and its role in some pivotal cellular events, such as regulation of cell cycle checkpoints, genomic instability, cell growth, mitosis, embryogenesis, and apoptosis. Then, in the main part of this contribution, we will discuss the involvement of γH2AX in the normal and pathological central nervous system, with particular attention to the differences in the DDR between immature and mature neurons, and to the significance of H2AX phosphorylation in neurogenesis and neuronal cell death. The emerging picture is that H2AX is a pleiotropic molecule with an array of yet not fully understood functions in the brain, from embryonic life to old age.
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